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In tropical areas, the waste product known as oil palm shell is often generated throughout the palm oil refining process. It is costly and time-consuming to use OPSto measure the compressive strength of concrete during manufacturing. The goal of the current study is to offer novel hybrid models that integrate the ideas of the Random Forests regression model with optimization techniques, such as the Chaos game algorithm and Artificial rabbit algorithm. The purpose of these models is to forecast the oil palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete's uniaxial compressive strength precisely. The results show that both models operate well when it comes to UCSpredicting. The integration of random forest and artificial rabbit algorithm and its combination with chaos game algorithm has a coefficient of determination value of 0.9836 during training and 0.9818 during testing. The random forest—artificial rabbit algorithm has a R2value of 0.9705 during training and 0.9646 during testing. In the training and testing stages, random forest-chaos game algorithm values were more suitable than the other model’s values for root mean square error and mean absolute error analysis. The root mean square error decreased from 1.6949 in the random forest—artificial rabbit algorithm to 1.3193 in the random forest-chaos game algorithm during training and from 1.5621 to 1.2056 during testing. As a comprehensive index, objective index random forest-chaos game algorithm is 1.1085, whereas, for random forest—artificial rabbit algorithm, it is 1.4531, indicating greater performance, where can be considered as a tool in practical applications.

Penicamins A–L (1–12), 12 highly oxygenated novel diterpenes, were obtained from the fungus Penicillium camembertiJSB-7212. Compounds 1–12share the same 7/6/5 tricyclic skeleton as valparane-type diterpenes but differ in the absolute configurations at C-7, C-11, and C-14, as well as in the oxidation levels at C-6 and C-8, which were determined through extensive spectroscopic data interpretation. Stereochemical assignments of compounds 1, 2, and 4–12were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the absolute configuration of 3was determined by analysis of the NOESY data and biogenetic consideration. Compounds 2and 3were immunosuppressive against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B cells, with IC50values of 3.0 and 7.9 μM, respectively. They also moderately suppressed concanavalin A (ConA)-induced T cell proliferation, with IC50values of 19 and 20 μM, respectively.

Using the Smart City Pilot (SCP) policy as a quasi-experiment, we evaluate the causal effect of place-based information technology policy on digital finance development with a difference-in-differences (DID) approach. Our DID estimates indicate that the SCP policy significantly boosts digital financial inclusion (DFI) in China. Relative to non-pilot cities, this policy increases the DFI index by 1.44 in pilot cities. This increase in the DFI index is mainly driven by the deepened usage of digital finance. Heterogeneity analyses show that the implementation of the SCP policy exerts larger influences on digital finance development in eastern cities, cities with high administrative levels or more education resources, and non-resource-based cities. Furthermore, the stimulated development of the information industry and the improved business environment are two important channels to explain the positive impact of the implementation of this place-based information technology policy on digital finance development.

ABSTRACTConocybecommonly occur as saprobes, are distributed in tropical, subtropical, and temperate zones worldwide. In the present study, two new species in Conocybesection Conocybe, viz.Conocybe qujingensisand Conocybe qujinguniversitatis, are proposed based on morphological investigations and phylogenetic analyses. Molecular analyses based on sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal ITS loci support the taxonomic position of the two new species in the genus Conocybe. We also provide illustrations, line drawings, comparisons with closely related taxa, and descriptions of the new taxa.

Chiral α-aminophosphonates with adjacent carbon and phosphonate stereogenic centers have been employed as ligands in the copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling of 2-naphthols, resulting in the production of chiral BINOLs in favorable yields and moderate to good enantiomeric excess. This represents the first application of chiral P-based ligands to enable such a transformation. The synthesis of these chiral α-aminophosphonate ligands offers a significant advantage over approaches that typically necessitate elaborate synthetic processes for chiral ligand production.

Graphical Abstract:

An efficient method for the construction of C–P(V) and C–P(III) bonds via the iron-catalyzed phosphorylation of alcohols under ligand-free conditions is disclosed. This strategy represents a straightforward process to prepare a series of phosphine oxides and phosphine compounds in good to excellent yields from the readily available alcohols and P–H compounds. A plausible mechanism is also proposed. We anticipate that this mode of transforming simple alcohols would apply in chemical synthesis widely.

H13 tool steel was successfully prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) technology. The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological properties of SLMed H13 steel were investigated. The heat treatment process involved a solution treatment and a double aging treatment of the deposited H13 tool steel prepared by SLM. The aim is to optimize the microstructure and mechanical properties of SLMed H13 steel. Due to the rapid heating and cooling effects of SLM, carbide precipitation in the deposited H13 steel was not uniform and residual stresses were present. The purpose of the solution treatment is to dissolve the solution at a high temperature to eliminate the residual stresses and defects introduced by the SLM-forming structure. The solution treatment and first aging treatment produced the precipitation of small carbides at the grain boundaries and inside the crystals, which increased the hardness of SLMed H13 steel. The hardness increased from 538 ± 4.0 HV of the as-deposited sample to 548 ± 5.8 HV of samples after the first aging treatment. Accordingly, the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation at break decreased from 1882 MPa and 11.5% in the as-deposited sample to 1697 MPa and 7.9% in those after the first aging treatment, respectively. Furthermore, the friction coefficient and wear rate in the as-deposited sample decreased from 0.5160 and 2.36 × 10–6mm−3N−1m−1to 0.4244 and 1.04 × 10–6mm−3N−1m−1, respectively. However, the distribution of carbides inside the crystals was not uniform. The second aging treatment adjusted the morphology of carbide precipitation and made it more uniform, but the precipitation of carbides grew and settled at the bottom of the grain boundaries. The hardness decreased to 533 ± 6.7 HV compared with that with the first aging treatment, but the ultimate tensile strength and plasticity reached a balance (1807 MPa, 14.05%). Accordingly, the friction coefficient and wear rate also showed a stable and decreasing trend (0.4407, 0.98 × 10–6mm−3N−1m−1).

A Pd-catalyzed relatively general Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction of triaryl phosphites and aryl iodides for preparing useful aryl phosphonates was developed. Interestingly, water can greatly facilitate the reaction through a water-participating phosphonium intermediate rearrangement process, which also makes the reaction conditions rather mild. In comparison with the known methods, this reaction is milder and more general, as it exhibits excellent functional group tolerance, can be applied to various triaryl phosphites and aryl iodides, and can be extended to aryl phosphonites and phosphinites. A gram-scale reaction with a low catalyst loading also revealed its practicality and potential in large-scale preparation.

Thirty-five norsesquiterpenoids were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces microflavusfrom the forest soil of Ailaoshan in China. The structures of new compounds (1–5, 10–26) were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including data from experimental and calculated ECD spectra, as well as Mosher’s reagent derivatives method. Norsesquiterpenoids showed different levels of antifungal activity with MIC80values ranging from 25 to 200 μg/mL against Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and Cryptococcus neoformans. The combining isolated norsesquiterpenoids with amphotericin B resulted in a synergistic interaction against test yeast-like fungi with a fractional inhibitory concentration index < 0.5. Compound 33significantly inhibited biofilm formation and destroyed the preformed biofilm of fungi. Moreover, 33downregulated the expression of adhesion-related genes HWP1, ALS1, ALS3, ECE1, EAP1,and BCR1to inhibit the adhesion of C. albicans. Findings from the current study highlight the potential usage of norsesquiterpenoids from soil-derived Streptomycesfor antifungal leads discovery.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors with the highest incidence. Gene mutations are rare in small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), resulting in targeted therapy being only a third-line recommendation. Surufatinib (Sulanda) is an oral angio-immune kinase inhibitor used to treat solid tumors. We report a case of SCLC treated with surufatinib combined with camrelizumab, with good therapeutic results in our department. The patient experienced over 18 months of progression-free survival and over 28 months of overall survival. This suggests that surufatinib combined with camrelizumab is an effective third-line treatment for SCLC patients. However, the response rate to surufatinib treatment in all patients with SCLC remains unknown and needs to be determined in a large population.

C21H18O4, monoclinic, P21/c(no. 14), a= 22.2457(10) Å, b= 5.0728(2) Å, c= 15.7045(7) Å, β= 110.012(2)°, V= 1665.22(13) Å3, Z= 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0434, wRref(F2) = 0.1023, T = 100(2) K

Triphenylphosphine oxide is a well-known industrial waste byproduct, and thousands of tons of it are generated every year. Due to its chemical stability and limited applications, settlement of this waste issue has drawn extensive attention from chemists. The reduction of triphenylphosphine oxide to triphenylphosphine is heretofore the most employed solution, and is well reviewed. In view of our recent studies on the selective and efficient conversion of Ph3P(O) to other valuable organophosphorus chemicals by using sodium, the present perspective mainly highlights the advances on the utilization of Ph3P(O) to prepare a diverse range of functional organophosphorus compounds, except Ph3P, via selective P–C, C–H, and P–O bond cleavages.

In this article, two novel adaptive fault-tolerant control schemes for a class of nonlinear strict-feedback cyber–physical systems (CPSs) with deception attacks are presented. Deception attacks, such as false data-injection attacks, which destroy sensor networks, make the outputs and states of the CPSs unavailable. It is very difficult and challenging for a designer to achieve the tracking control under the circumstance of cyberattacks. To realize the tracking control for the studied CPSs, we propose a new coordinate transformation technology without precedent, where it takes the attack gains into account and uses the compromised states to design the corresponding controllers. In the backstepping design process, Nussbaum functions are presented to alleviate the influence of the unknown attack gains. Furthermore, we consider the actuator faults problem, which includes the loss of effectiveness and the bias fault. By skillfully designing the adaptive laws, the effect of actuator faults is completely eliminated. It is theoretically proved that the first proposed tracking control scheme can guarantee all signals in the closed-loop system are bounded and the output can track the desired reference signal. In addition, the second adaptive control scheme is also developed for the CPSs under the actuator faults and a more general assumption on the deception attacks is proposed simultaneously. Finally, the feasibility of the new proposed methods is verified by MATLAB simulation analysis.

The genus DendrobiumSw. has great ornamental and medicinal values. However, species classification of this genus is very difficult because of their similar morphological characteristics. The complete chloroplast genome has been widely used as a useful molecular marker for resolving phylogenetic relationships in complicated or closely related species. Therefore, in this study, the complete chloroplast genome of Dendrobium sulcatumwas sequenced, assembled and characterized, and compared with published samples of Dendrobiumspecies to investigate its phylogenetic position. The complete chloroplast genome of D. sulcatumwas 159,563 bp in length, with 130 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The total GC content of the whole genome was 37.14%. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that D. sulcatumis closely related to D. jenkinsii, D. lindleyi, D. exile, D. spatella, D. parciflorum, and D. hainanense. Furthermore, the D. sulcatumchloroplast genome and the 33 published samples were proven to be highly similar in genome size, gene content, and organization. The complete chloroplast genomes of Dendrobiumexhibited typical quadripartite structures with lengths from 149,186 bp to 159,563 bp. This study provides useful genetic data of Orchidaceae and enhances our understanding about their phylogenic relationship and evolution.

Seismic inversion is one of the effective techniques to obtain elastic parameters for reservoir characterization. Deep learning is widely used in seismic inversion and has yielded many satisfactory results. The performance of the existing deep learning-based seismic inversion methods mainly depends on the network structure and a large number of effective training datasets. However, due to the limitation of expensive acquisition costs, it is difficult to obtain enough effective training datasets for network training in seismic surveys. To this end, we develop a double-dual network structure that incorporates both physics and model information to alleviate the dependence of deep learning methods on training data and even enables unsupervised learning and inversion. One of the dual networks is responsible for using the physical information to constrain the inversion results and ensure the physical validity of the predictions. The other dual network is responsible for using the priori information from the model domain to constrain the inversion results and improve the stability of the predictions. Ultimately, the two dual networks are coupled by a loss function to realize labeled/unlabeled network training and inversion applications. We then implement the method in a synthetic model as well as field data. The results are compared with traditional data-driven seismic inversion method and physics-guided data-driven seismic inversion method, and it is shown that the proposed method outperforms these two methods.

To investigate atropisomers of non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor modulator GSK866, a virtual library of substituted benzoic acid analogues was enumerated. Compounds from this library were subjected to a torsion angle scan using Spartan'20 to calculate the torsion rotation energy barrier which identified compounds predicted to be stable as atropisomers. After synthesis of the library, analysis showed that compounds 13and 14existed as stable atropisomers 13a, 13b, 14aand 14b, in agreement with the earlier calculations. Screening in a glucocorticoid receptor cellular assay showed that one compound from each atropisomer pair was significantly more potent than the other. Docking in a public structure of the glucocorticoid receptor (PBD code 3E7C) enabled the stereochemistry of the two most potent compounds 13aand 14bto be assigned as (Ra) and (Sa), respectively.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a significant concern for the elderly population worldwide. This study explored the effects of esketamine on aged mice with POCD and investigate its mechanism of action involving the TLR4/MyD88/MAPK pathway. We administrated esketamine, along with lipopolysaccharide or anisomycin, to the aged POCD mouse models. We assessed their cognitive function using the Morris water maze test. Additionally, we evaluated histopathological changes/neuronal apoptosis in the mouse hippocampal CA1 area through HE/TUNEL stainings. Furthermore, we measured IL‐1β/IL‐6/TNF‐α/TLR4/MyD88/MAPK (p‐p38/p38) levels in mouse hippocampal tissues using ELISA/RT‐qPCR/Western blotting. Lastly, we analyzed the interaction between TLR4 and MyD88 using a co‐immunoprecipitation assay. Our findings showed that esketamine effectively mitigated POCD in aged mice. This was evident from the improved cognitive performance observed in the Morris water maze test, characterized by reduced escape latency/increased number of platform crossing/a higher percentage of time spent in the target quadrant. Furthermore, esketamine exhibited a protective effect against neuronal apoptosis and reduced the levels of inflammatory factors. These findings suggest that esketamine exerts an anti‐inflammatory effect by downregulating TLR4/MyD88, thereby attenuating the inflammatory response associated with POCD. Additionally, esketamine suppressed the p38 MAPK pathway by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 signaling cascade. Esketamine demonstrated its efficacy in improving postoperative inflammation and cognitive impairment in aged mice by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. The activation of p38 MAPK signaling diminished the beneficial effects of esketamine in aged POCD mice. Collectively, the underlying mechanism of esketamine in mitigating POCD in aged mice involves the suppression of the TLR4/MyD88/p38 MAPK pathway.

The heterojunction integration of two-dimensional (2D) materials via van der Waals (vdW) forces, unencumbered by lattice and processing constraints, constitutes an efficacious approach to enhance the overall optoelectronic performance of photodetectors, due to an assortment of distinctive light-matter interactions. Nonetheless, vdW heterojunction photodetectors based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) face an inevitable trade-off between low dark currents and high responsivity, curtailing the application potential of myriad novel optoelectronic components in sensing, spectral, and communication systems. In this study, we present the successful actualization of a highly sensitive, self-powered, and gate-tunable bipolar response photodetector. The mechanisms underlying photocurrent generation were scrutinized via bias-, power-, and position-dependent mapping photo-response measurements, identifying the photovoltaic effect, which is attributable to the Schottky junction’s built-in electric field, as the predominant mechanism. The prototype Au-WS2-graphene photodetector exhibits a remarkable light on/off ratio of 1.2 × 106, a specific detectivity of 6.12 × 1011cm Hz1/2W−1with 20 μs response time at 638 nm. The wide gate-tunable responsivity provides an adjustability scope, ranging from 0.9 to 3.1 A W−1. Notably, the device demonstrates an exceptional linear photo-current response, with a linear dynamic range (LDR) value approximating 130 dB, which significantly surpasses that of other photodetectors based on TMDs.

Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe) has been considered as the most promising absorber material for inorganic thin-film solar cells. Among the three main interfaces in CZTSSe-based solar cells, the CZTSSe/Mo back interface plays an essential role in hole extraction as well as device performance. During the selenization process, the reaction between CZTSSe and Mo is one of the main reasons that lead to a large open circuit voltage (VOC) deficit, low short circuit current (Jsc), and fill factor. In this study, 2D Ti3C2-MXene was introduced as an intermediate layer to optimize the interface between the CZTSSe absorber layer and Mo back contact. Benefiting from the 2D Ti3C2-MXene intermediate layer, the reaction between CZTSSe and Mo was effectually suppressed, thus, significantly reducing the thickness of the detrimental Mo(S,Se)2layer as well as interface recombination at the CZTSSe/Mo back interface. As a result, the power conversion efficiency of the champion device fabricated with the 2D Ti3C2-MXene intermediate layer was improved from 10.89 to 13.14% (active-area efficiency). This study demonstrates the potential use of the 2D Ti3C2-MXene intermediate layer for efficient CZTSSe solar cells and promotes a deeper understanding of the back interface in CZTSSe solar cells.

Hepatocyte transplantation has the potential to treat acute liver failure and correct liver-based metabolic disorders. Proliferating human hepatocytes (ProliHHs) provide a large-scale source as an alternative to primary human hepatocytes. However, host rejection led to inefficient graft survival and function, which hindered the clinical application of cell therapy. Herein, we employed the lentiviral system to overexpress immunomodulatory factors programmed death-ligand 1 (cluster of differentiation 274) (CD274) and cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) in ProliHHs. CD47+274 overexpression inhibited macrophage and T cell responses in vitro. After transplantation into mice via the spleen without immunosuppression, CD47+274 ProliHHs accumulation in the liver significantly increased for 48 hours compared with ProliHHs. Consistent with the in vitro results, CD47+274 ProliHHs were less aggregated and infiltrated by macrophages and also recruited fewer T cells in the liver. Seven days after transplantation, the human albumin level of engineered ProliHHs doubled compared with control group. CD47+274 ProliHHs further ameliorated the liver injury induced using concanavalin A. Overall, our results suggested CD47+274 overexpression reduced innate and adaptive immune responses during hepatocyte transplantation, and the survival rate and graft function of transplanted hepatocyte-like cells were all significantly improved.

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), the conversion of N2into bioavailable nitrogen (N), is the main process for replenishing N loss in the biosphere. However, BNF in groundwater systems remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the activity, abundance, and community composition of diazotrophs in groundwater in the Hetao Plain of Inner Mongolia using 15N tracing methods, reverse transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR), and metagenomic/metatranscriptomic analyses. 15N2tracing incubation of near in situ groundwater (9.5–585.4 nmol N L−1h−1) and N2-fixer enrichment and isolates (13.2–1728.4 nmol N g−1h−1, as directly verified by single-cell resonance Raman spectroscopy), suggested that BNF is a non-negligible source of N in groundwater in this region. The expression of nifHgenes ranged from 3.4 × 103to 1.2 × 106copies L−1and was tightly correlated with dissolved oxygen (DO), Fe(II), and NH4+. Diazotrophs in groundwater were chiefly aerobes or facultative anaerobes, dominated by Stutzerimonas, Pseudomonas, Paraburkholderia, Klebsiella, Rhodopseudomonas, Azoarcus, and additional uncultured populations. Active diazotrophs, which prefer reducing conditions, were more metabolically diverse and potentially associated with nitrification, sulfur/arsenic mobilization, Fe(II) transport, and CH4oxidation. Our results highlight the importance of diazotrophs in subsurface geochemical cycles.

Using the 4,5-dihydroisoxazol amide structure to expand the aliphatic amide moiety of chlorantraniliprole, a series of 28 novel N-pyridylpyrazolecarboxamide derivatives containing 4,5-dihydroisoxazol amide fragment were designed and synthesized. All target compounds had been properly characterized and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS, and the effects were evaluated against Mythimna separata(M. separata) and Plutella xylostella(P. xylostella). The bioassay results indicated that most of the target compounds exhibited good insecticidal activities against M. separataand P. xylostellaat 50 mg/L; especially, compound A4showed an LC50value of 3.27 mg/L against M. separata. Calcium imaging experiments indicated that the target compound A4had a similar mechanism of action to chlorantraniliprole, causing an increase in the cytoplasmic Ca2+concentration. The molecular docking revealed the possible binding mode of compound A4with a ryanodine receptor.

Indigo Naturalis is not only an ancient plant dye but also a famous herbal medicine with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. In traditional processes, thousands of manual stirring separate the high-quality Indigo Naturalis from the crude pulp system. However, this method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in an unstable quality and low yield, which cannot meet the requirements of modern industrial production. In this study, foam-separation technology was used to increase the industrial applicability of high-quality Indigo Naturalis. The process parameters were optimized based on the content of active ingredients, skin irritation effects, and antioxidative stress activity. The results showed that the optimal process of the foam separation achieved the liquid level difference of 40 cm and the foaming intensity of 0.35 MPa. Compared with the original sample, the indigo and indirubin contents in purified Indigo Naturalis were 1.6 and 3 times higher, the total ash content decreased from 86 to 70%, the pH value decreased from 12.18 to 9.71, and the leachate doubled. Animal experiments suggested the significantly reduced irritation (p< 0.01) and enhanced antioxidative stress activity (p< 0.01) of Indigo Naturalis after foam separation. Therefore, the foam-separation equipment developed in this study enabled the refinement of active ingredients in Indigo Naturalis, which greatly improved the production efficiency and quality.

Bees are vitally important in natural and agricultural ecosystems, providing key pollination services to wild plants and crops. Increasing reports of regional declines of bee populations have attracted intense attention worldwide. Challenges to bee health are multifactorial and include poor nutrition, heat stress, agrochemicals, and pathogens. The impact of heat stress is a relatively minor factor in current bee declines compared with agrochemicals and pathogens. However, heat stress has adverse impacts on foraging activity, pollination services, task-related physiology, immunocompetence, reproductive capacity, growth, and development of bees, and these adverse impacts are variable in different bee species. Heat stress--related damage to bees receives extra attention when it is accompanied by climate change. Heattolerance mechanisms are key enablers for bee survival under high-temperature stress conditions, and we now understand that both behavior and molecular regulation strongly impact the ability of bees to reduce damage from heat stress. In this review, we summarize and synthesize previous findings about the detrimental effects of heat stress to bees and discuss the strategies bees use to cope with heat stress. Bee species mentioned here are mainly honeybees, bumblebees, and stingless bees, with a focus on the honeybee [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been used to analyze water structures due to the strong absorption of NIR energy by water. The spectral band around 6900 cm−1, corresponding to the first overtone of the OH stretching vibration, is generally studied because the OH in the water molecule with different numbers of hydrogen bonds can be distinguished. In this work, the spectral band around 8600 cm−1, corresponding to the combination of HOH bending and stretching vibration, ν1+ν2+ν3, was studied to extract spectral information about water structures. Continuous wavelet transform was used to enhance the resolution of the spectra. Seven peaks related to the possible molecular structures of water with different numbers of hydrogen bonds were identified based on the spectral changes with temperature. The identification was validated by varying the spectral peaks with molar ratio of H2O–D2O in mixtures and the effect of hydration around the cations on the structure of water. NIR spectroscopy is therefore proven to be a powerful technique for identifying water structures with different hydrogen bonds.

The temperature damping capacities of Mg–3Al–1Zn-xSn (x=3, 6, 9) alloys were investigated using a Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyzer (DMA) under varied loading frequencies and Sn concentrations. The addition of Sn resulted in a leftward shift of the P1 dislocation damping peak around 80 °C and a rightward shift of the P3 peak around 220 °C, which were attributed to the second phases in the vicinity of grain boundaries. By combining the Granato-Lücke model and the Peguin model, the damping curves were analyzed, and the temperature damping mechanism of Mg–3Al–1Zn-xSn alloy was summarized. Before 220 °C, the addition of Sn significantly enhanced the damping capacity at different frequencies, which was attributed to the increased of point defects and precipitates. The damping mechanism was dominated by microplastic internal friction in the later part of the test. There is a negative correlation between frequency and damping. The observation of microstructures suggested that the dynamic recrystallization, the twining, and the non-basal slipping systems were the sources of the microplastic damping capacity. The dynamic recrystallization mechanism owing to cyclic loading was identified.

Based on the rapid development of green finance and the panel data of 30 provinces in China (excluding Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao) from 2007 to 2020, to deeply discuss the relationship between financial development (FD), technological innovation and environmental pollution (EP) control is the centre of this article by using panel fixed-effect and intermediary effect model. The influence of FD on EP is tested by building a benchmark regression model. In addition, the intermediary effect model is adopted to explore how FD affects EP control through technological innovation mechanism. The conclusions show that China’s FD can effectively promote regional EP control on the whole, and FD can improve EP through technological innovation mechanism, but there is significant regional heterogeneity: compared with high government intervention areas, FD can promote EP control through technological innovation in low government intervention areas. Therefore, it is suggested that all regions promote the construction of financial infrastructure, upgrade the level of regional financial marketisation, speed up the realisation of regional technological innovation and EP control. This work is conducive to the formulation of appropriate government policies to promote the improvement of the financial system and the establishment of innovative mechanisms, and the reasonable reduction of government intervention and the improvement of the efficiency of financial resource allocation based on the needs of financial market players.

To validate the JAMR F1701T (arm type) blood pressure (BP) monitor according to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization (AAMI/ESH/ISO) Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018). A total of 90 subjects (male 60 and female 30) were recruited to fulfill the criteria of the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (the number, gender, age, limber size, and BP distribution), and sequential measurements of BP, including both SBP and DBP were obtained using the test device and the standard mercury sphygmomanometer. A total of 270 sets of comparison data (three sets of each subject) were obtained and analyzed. According to the validation criterion 1 of ISO 81060-2:2018, the mean ± SD of the differences between the JAMR F1701T and mercury sphygmomanometer BP (systolic/diastolic) readings was 2.06 ± 6.83/−4.84 ± 5.23 mmHg. For criterion 2, the SD of the averaged BP (systolic/diastolic) differences between the JAMR F1701 and reference BP (systolic/diastolic) per participant was 5.62/4.39 mmHg (the requirement was ≤6.43/5.01 mmHg by calculation). The JAMR F1701T met all the requirements of the ISO 81060-2:2018, and can be recommended for clinical and self/home use.

The effectiveness and safety of marginal donor livers remain controversial. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of marginal donor livers in patients with liver transplantation (LT).

ABSTRACT This paper developed a new type of elastomeric isolation bearings, of which the reinforcing element is manufactured by high-strength steel mesh. In order to investigate the compressive and shear [...]

Radix Astragali (RA) is an important Traditional Chinese Medicine widely used in the treatment of various diseases, such as pneumonia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, kidney and liver fibrosis. The role of isoflavonoids from RA in the treatment of liver injury remains unclear. The study aimed to explore hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of isoflavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus. Network pharmacological analysis showed that RA had a multi-target regulating effect on alleviating liver injury and inhibiting inflammation through its active ingredients, among which isoflavones were closely related to its key molecular targets. The anti-inflammatory and liver protection effects of isoflavonoids of RA were investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells in vitro and LPS/D-galactosamine (D-gal)-induced acute liver injury mice in vivo. The experimental results showed that methylnissolin (ML) and methylnissolin-3- O-β -D-glucoside (MLG) presented more notable anti-inflammatory effects. Both of them suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1 β , IL-6, and TNF- α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo investigation demonstrated that ML markedly meliorated liver injury in LPS/D-gal-induced mice. Western blot results revealed that ML and MLG down-regulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines via NF- κ B signaling pathway. The isoflavonoids, methylnissolin (ML), and methylnissolin-3- O-β -D-glucoside (MLG), play a vital role in the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methyl N-phenylcarbamate (MPC) is an important intermediate for the synthesis of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and its preparation using CO2or its equivalents/derivatives as carbon source represents a green and sustainable manner for fine chemicals synthesis. This review will highlight the development of MPC synthetic methods from the viewpoint of chemical fixation of CO2. The contents mainly include the introduction of MPC synthesis through CO2equivalents (urea or phenyl urea) alcoholysis, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) aminolysis, and the coupling of DMC and diphenyl urea. Further more, one-pot synthesis of carbamates/MPC from aliphatic amines/aniline, CO2and alcohols is highlighted which represents one of the most promising schemes in direct CO2utilization. What is more, the reaction mechanisms and selection of catalysts are also discussed in detail. The advances will provide important theories on further improving the efficiency of green catalysis and sustainable chemical processes.

Transplanting cell cultured brown adipocytes (BAs) represents a promising approach to prevent and treat obesity (OB) and its associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, transplanted BAs have a very low survival rate in vivo. The enzymatic dissociation during the harvest of fully differentiated BAs also loses significant cells. There is a critical need for novel methods that can avoid cell death during cell preparation, transplantation, and in vivo. Here, we reported that preparing BAs as injectable microtissues could overcome the problem. We found that 3D culture promoted BA differentiation and UCP-1 expression, and the optimal initial cell aggregate size was 100 μm. The microtissues could be produced at large scales via 3D suspension assisted with a PEG hydrogel and could be cryopreserved. Fabricated microtissues could survive in vivo for long term. They alleviated body weight and fat gain and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced OB and T2DM mice. Transplanted microtissues impacted multiple organs, secreted protein factors, and influenced the secretion of endogenous adipokines. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on fabricating human BA microtissues and showing their safety and efficacy in T2DM mice. The proposal of transplanting fabricated BA microtissues, the microtissue fabrication method, and the demonstration of efficacy in T2DM mice are all new. Our results show that engineered 3D human BA microtissues have considerable advantages in product scalability, storage, purity, safety, dosage, survival, and efficacy.

A novel method for the iodine-mediated reduction of phosphine oxides (sulfides) to phosphines using phosphonic acid under solvent-free conditions is described. By using a combination of H3PO3and I2, both tertiary monophosphine oxides and bis-phosphine oxides were reduced under this system, readily producing monodentate and bidentate phosphines, respectively, in good yields. Notably, chiral (R)-(+)-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl dioxide could be also tolerated without racemization. This new approach is inexpensive and features simple conditions and a wide substrate scope.

Byline: Li-Hong. Han, Xiao-Yan. Fan, Hong. Guo, Wei. Wei, Mao-Meng. Chen, Shu-Fang. YanObjective: The objective of this paper was to investigate differential pathways in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) based [...]

Stereochemical modifications (SCMs), mostly present in the form of d-amino acid substitution, have been increasingly identified from a wide range of neuropeptides and disease-associated biomarker proteins. Traditional mass spectrometry-based SCM identification has been effectively enhanced with technological and strategic advancements in ion mobility spectrometry. With the additional separation provided by ion mobility, SCM-induced structural changes can be probed both in theory and in practice, although the structural resolution for low-abundance SCMs still requires further improvement to enable accurate quantification or unambiguous identification of stereoisomers. Herein, we present a multi-component-enabled multidimensional ion mobility-mass spectrometry (3M-IM-MS) analytical workflow, based upon the metal-enhanced chiral amplification strategy we proposed previously (Nat. Commun., 2019, 5038). Notably, the 3M-IM-MS strategy comprises and features the powerful mathematical tools of continuous wavelet transform and Gaussian fitting-enabled peak splitting. Consequently, the resolving capability of ion mobility spectrometry for SCM analysis has been significantly enhanced, providing mobility profiles with baseline separation and more than fivefold improvement in resolving power and overall resolution. This study represents an alternative toward ultrahigh-resolution structural interrogation of mixtures with very small differences, featuring an important and long-lasting topic in chemical measurement.

The Pd(cod)Cl2-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of conjugated dienes to β,γ-unsaturated esters was approached by both intramolecular phosphinesulfonate L1and intermolecular PPh3/PTSA in this study. However, the poor solubility of the Pd/L1complex and the labile monodentate Pd/PPh3structure restricts the system efficiency, especially for the scale-up application. By contrast, the stable and well-soluble bidentate Xantphos system allows for the quantitative formation of 3-pentenoate (96%) on a gram scale within 6 h in weakly alkaline N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), which also functions as a basic site to promote the rate-limiting alcoholysis step while reducing the dosage of ligand to a theoretical value.