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Cancer immunotherapy has received increasing attention in tumor therapy. However, insufficient infiltration of T cells and over-expressed PD-L1 checkpoint in tumor cells severely impede cancer immunotherapy. Here, an injectable hydrogel was designed to reinforce T cell infiltration and inactivate PD-L1 for powerful cancer immunotherapy. The hydrogel was created by sodium alginate (SA) as the gelator, where linagliptin particles and BMS-202 particles were present in hydrogel micropores. After gelation in the tumor site, the linagliptin powerfully suppressed chemokine CXCL10 degradation, enabling the introduced CXCL10 to realize sustainable chemotaxis towards strong T cell infiltration. Meanwhile, the BMS-202 inactivated PD-L1 of tumor cells, thereby eliminating the PD-L1-governed immune evasion. Therefore, the hydrogel in combination with CXCL10 demonstrated powerful cancer immunotherapy against primary and distant tumors, along with efficient inhibition of lung metastasis. Our study not only offers a potent platform against tumors, but also provides a conceptually new approach to reinforce cancer immunotherapy.

Coordination polymers are among the most favored active materials by researchers due to their broad application prospects. However, most of them are usually difficult to directly process into applicable devices because of their unsatisfied processability. One process of great concern for researchers is the in situ preparation of the coordination polymer on the applicable substrate, especially for the favored network substrates with good mechanical properties and 3D porous structure, which could provide obvious convenience and facilitation in the application process. Herein, we present an ultrafast and scalable thermal current-induced dewetting strategy to obtain uniform coordination polymer film in situ on network substrates, which could enable unprecedented convenience to obtain directly usable coordination polymer composites such as practical catalytic electrodes with excellent electrocatalytic performance. The proposed thermal current-induced dewetting method provides a highly adaptable and efficient practical production approach to integrate coordination polymer materials with network substrates and also provides new inspiration for understanding and applying the dewetting process on complex 3D network substrates.

A simple solvothermal method is designed to synthesize LiMnPO4/N-doped C composites with core-shell structure using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant and nitrogen source. The effectively growth of (200) planes and nitrogen-doped carbon layer coated LiMnPO4nanosheets are obtained. The doped nitrogen induces the generation of active defect sites, which changes the cell electronic layer structure, and improve the electronic conductivity and diffusion rate of lithium ions. Thus, the electrochemical performance is beneficial from the synergistic effect of specific planar exposure and particular interfacial modifications. The optimal sample shows the supreme electrochemical performance at 0.1C, 1C and 5C with capacities of 159.1, 122.6 and 83.1 mAh g−1, respectively. The capacity retention can achieve 98 % even after 200 cycles at 1C. This work provides a simple but effective strategy to design polyanion cathode materials with enhanced electrochemical performance.

Effective clinical methods are urgently required to treat brain diseases. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are promising in the treatment of brain diseases because of their ability to target and specifically silence genes associated with disease progression. However, their effectiveness is hindered by physiological barriers such as enzymatic degradation, the blood-brain barrier, and the blood-brain tumor barrier, severely restricting them from reaching the desired target sites. The development of nanotechnology has made the effective delivery of siRNAs to the brain possible. This is accomplished by encapsulating siRNAs in cationic polymers, liposomes, or micelles to improve their stability and targeting efficiency. In this review, we first analyzed the limitations of siRNA delivery in brain diseases such as brain tumors, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. Next, we summarized how nanotechnology can offer a solution by enabling effective siRNA delivery to the brain and improving the intracellular transfection efficiency of siRNA. Finally, we discussed the challenges and future advances of siRNA-based delivery systems to facilitate their clinical translation. This review emphasizes the importance of overcoming physiological barriers associated with siRNA delivery and highlights recent advances in the rational design of siRNA-based delivery systems for the effective treatment of brain diseases.

The low reversible capacity and electronic conductivity of oxidized asphalt-derived hard carbon are difficult to meet the commercial demand. Heteroatom doped carbon has been shown to modulate graphite-like crystal structure. N/P diatomic doping of hard carbon is designed here, which is realized by ammonium polyphosphate (APP) assisted thermal polymerization. The reversible capacity of N/P double-doped hard carbon (NPHC41-1300) reaches 314 mA h g−1at 15 mA g−1, after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.3 A g−1, the reversible capacity is measured to be 224.1 mA h g−1, while maintaining a reversible capacity of 116 mA h g−1at a current density of 1.5 A g−1, indicating excellent cyclic and high rates performance. Moreover, the electronic conductivity of N and P co-doped hard carbon (NPHC41-1300) is 17.0060 S cm−1, exhibiting a remarkable enhancement of 177 % compared to that of undoped hard carbon (HC-1300). Which creates conditions for promoting the practical application of asphalt-derived hard carbon as the negative electrode material of sodium ion battery.

Designing a highly active electrocatalyst is crucial for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Multi-metallic materials with two-dimensional (2D) morphology and amorphous structure may be very prospective electrocatalysts, which deserve to be highly explored. In this work, we propose a solid-phase grinding method to skillfully synthesize amorphous FeCoNi ternary hydroxides nanosheets using 2-methylimidazole as inducer to provide hydroxyl (OH−). This reaction is simple and rapid without additional solvents or large mechanical forces. The prepared FeCoNi nanosheet (called FeCoNi-NS) loaded on Ni foam exhibits superior OER activity with a low overpotential of 262 mV at the current density of 10 mA·cm−2and a small Tafel slope of 39.4 mV·dec−1. This work puts forward an interesting and environmentally friendly synthetic strategy of multi-metallic hydroxides, which opens up a green way for the commercial application of OER catalysts.A green grinding method without solvent-assist to skillfully synthesize amorphous FeCoNi ternary hydroxides nanosheets using 2-methylimidazole as inducer to provide hydroxyl (OH−), which exhibits a superior OER activity is demonstrated. It is interesting that 2-methylimidazole served as alkaline inducer not coordination agent to obtain the ternary hydroxides in this system. This work is fully consistent with the concept of sustainable development.

This paper proposes a node localisation algorithm with multi–mobile beacons in order to improve the accuracy of localisation and avoid scanning the unknown nodes repeatedly. Three mobile beacons are designed to traverse the WSNs and simultaneously maintain the relative location relations between them based on equal distance three–coverage and then trilateration technology and DV–hop algorithm are used to localise the unknown nodes. The simulation results show that the algorithm outperforms DV–hop and MB–DV–hop in the aspects of accuracy and communication overhead and its moving path length of single beacon is also shorter than that of MB–DV–hop.

•NiO-CNFs are prepared by electrospinning, pre-oxidation and carbonization.•NF/NiO-CNFs@Ni-Co LDH synthesis process is simple and easy.•NF/NiO-CNFs@Ni-Co LDH presents a layered three-dimensional open petal-like nanoarray structure.•NF/NiO-CNFs@Ni-Co LDH composite presents good electrochemical properties.

The poor drug delivery to cerebral ischemic regions is a key challenge of ischemic stroke treatment. Inspired by the intriguing blood–brain barrier (BBB)-penetrating ability of 4T1 cancer cells upon their brain metastasis, we herein designed a promising biomimetic nanoplatform by camouflaging a succinobucol-loaded pH-sensitive polymeric nanovehicle with a 4T1 cell membrane (MPP/SCB), aiming to promote the preferential targeting of cerebral ischemic lesions to attenuate the ischemia/reperfusion injury. In transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rat models, MPP/SCB could be preferentially delivered to the ischemic hemisphere with a 4.79-fold higher than that in the normal hemisphere. Moreover, MPP/SCB produced notable enhancement of microvascular reperfusion in the ischemic hemisphere, resulting in a 69.9% reduction of infarct volume and showing remarkable neuroprotective effects of tMCAO rats, which was superior to the counterpart uncamouflaged nanovehicles (PP/SCB). Therefore, this design provides a promising nanoplatform to target the cerebral ischemic lesions for ischemic stroke therapy.

Herein, two careful selected anticancer drugs camptothecin (CPT) and cytarabine (Ara‐C) with different biological action mechanisms and different water solubility are conjugated together through a glutathione (GSH) cleavable disulfide bond to construct a redox‐sensitive drug–drug conjugate, which can self‐assemble into nanoparticles, thus notably improving the water solubility of CPT and the cell membrane permeability of Ara‐C. Compared with free drugs, the self‐assembled CPT‐ss‐Ara nanoparticles can concentrate in tumor tissues through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, then they can be rapidly internalized by tumor cells and degrade into free drugs for killing the tumor cells when exposed to the reductive environment (GSH) of tumor cells, thereby reducing the injury to normal cells. Meanwhile, the CPT‐ss‐Ara nanoparticles can effectively protect CPT and Ara‐C molecules from biological inactivation before their arrival in tumor microenvironment since free CPT and Ara‐C are easy to partly lose their therapy efficacy due to their structure degradation in blood circulation. The in vitro and in vivo anticancer experimental results indicate that simultaneous release of free CPT and Ara‐C can realize synergistic chemotherapy effects, thus markedly improve their anticancer activity. Therefore, our designed carrier‐free, redox‐sensitive CPT‐ss‐Ara nanoparticles might have promising clinical application to combat cancers. Based on the therapy drawbacksof individual camptothecin (CPT) or Ara‐C anticancer drug, CPT and Ara‐C are cleverly conjugated together through a disulfide bond to construct a redox‐sensitive drug–drug conjugate for realizing an “all‐in‐one” carrier‐free drug codelivery system to overcome the drawbacks of individual CPT or Ara‐C for cancer therapy.