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Because accounting firms provide tax compliance and advisory services, they must retain their clients' Social Security numbers (SSNs).That information is valuable to external hackers, who can sell it on the [...]

Whole-genome duplication (WGD) occurs in all kingdoms and impacts speciation, domestication, and cancer outcome. However, doubled DNA management can be challenging for nascent polyploids. The study of within-species polyploidy (autopolyploidy) permits focus on this DNA management aspect, decoupling it from the confounding effects of hybridization (in allopolyploid hybrids). How is autopolyploidy tolerated, and how do young polyploids stabilize? Here, we introduce a powerful model to address this: the genus Cochlearia, which has experienced many polyploidization events. We assess meiosis and other polyploid-relevant phenotypes, generate a chromosome-scale genome, and sequence 113 individuals from 33 ploidy-contrasting populations. We detect an obvious autopolyploidy-associated selection signal at kinetochore components and ion transporters. Modeling the selected alleles, we detail evidence of the kinetochore complex mediating adaptation to polyploidy. We compare candidates in independent autopolyploids across three genera separated by 40 million years, highlighting a common function at the process and gene levels, indicating evolutionary flexibility in response to polyploidy.

Greater use of imaging has led to a corresponding rise in the detection of renal and adrenal incidentalomas--and left many primary care physicians unsure of what to do about the [...]

Imagine a solar-powered world. Your home runs on electricity generated by solar panels during the day, and draws from solar energy stored in a fuel cell by night. The windows [...]

The importance of emotional intelligence, analytical intelligence and leadership behaviors in the formation of global leadership is discussed.

The corporate culture of Corning Inc is discussed.

Step-stress accelerated life tests, which provide data on the life distribution of products and materials, frequently require the use of more general distribution models such as the Weibull distribution. An alternative to the Weibull cumulative exposure model in step-stress accelerated life testing is proposed. Called the transformed exponential model, this technique features a mathematical form which facilitates the derivation of parameter estimates and standard errors.

Managers can answer ethical issues in benefits planning by identifying and addressing the needs of all parties involved. Decisions should take into account the impact on employees, the company and the insurer. By evaluating the affect of costs and risks to each group and considering a variety of options, managers can make appropriate and ethical benefits decisions.

Peter Drucker declares that every organization needs one core competence: innovation. We all know innovation is important. Leading edge CEOs--Jack Welch of General Electric, Ed McCracken of Silicon Graphics, Lewis [...]

Many companies have been disappointed to realize that they have been unable to maintain the initial success of their total quality programs (TQM). One of the biggest reasons behind this phenomenon is the tendency of most organizations to focus exclusively on linear/rational thinking. Since TQM is based on the creative problem solving process, non-linear thinking should also be stressed.

Some organization constantly create new and better products and services, delighting their customers and jolting their competitors. Here are some of the ways that successful businesses have profited from their [...]

Here's an idea-generation technique to help your team get on board with creative solutions to business problems. What's the best way for your group to generate creative ideas? Well, that [...]

Managers can raise the level of innovation in their organizations by encouraging their employees to develop skills in generating multiple solutions to problems. There are six techniques that can help individuals or groups in problem solving and idea-formation. One of these is the use of analogies and metaphors to develop new insight into how a particular problem may be solved. Another useful technique is association, a process that involves establishing a mental link between two concepts or objects. A third approach is direct analogy or the application of information, knowledge or technology from one field to another. A fourth technique is personal analogy, which entails visualizing a problem as if one is personally involved in it. A fifth approach is mind mapping which is a one-man brainstorming process. Finally, the 'rolling in the grass of ideas' technique requires reading as much material as possible and allowing new knowledge to incubate naturally., How can you increase the level of innovation in your organization? One of the easiest and quickest ways is to develop people's skills in generating multiple solutions to problems. There [...]

The hexaploid bread wheat genome comprises over 16 gigabases of sequence across 21 chromosomes. Meiotic crossovers are highly polarized along the chromosomes, with elevation in the gene-dense distal regions and suppression in the Gypsyretrotransposon-dense centromere-proximal regions. We profiled the genomic landscapes of the meiotic recombinase DMC1 and the chromosome axis protein ASY1 in wheat and investigated their relationships with crossovers, chromatin state, and genetic diversity. DMC1 and ASY1 chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) revealed strong co-enrichment in the distal, crossover-active regions of the wheat chromosomes. Distal ChIP-seq enrichment is consistent with spatiotemporally biased cytological immunolocalization of DMC1 and ASY1 close to the telomeres during meiotic prophase I. DMC1 and ASY1 ChIP-seq peaks show significant overlap with genes and transposable elements in the Marinerand Mutatorsuperfamilies. However, DMC1 and ASY1 ChIP-seq peaks were detected along the length of each chromosome, including in low-crossover regions. At the fine scale, crossover elevation at DMC1 and ASY1 peaks and genes correlates with enrichment of the Polycomb histone modification H3K27me3. This indicates a role for facultative heterochromatin, coincident with high DMC1 and ASY1, in promoting crossovers in wheat and is reflected in distalized H3K27me3 enrichment observed via ChIP-seq and immunocytology. Genes with elevated crossover rates and high DMC1 and ASY1 ChIP-seq signals are overrepresented for defense-response and immunity annotations, have higher sequence polymorphism, and exhibit signatures of selection. Our findings are consistent with meiotic recombination promoting genetic diversity, shaping host–pathogen co-evolution, and accelerating adaptation by increasing the efficiency of selection.

Vascularized osteochondral flaps are a new technique described for the reconstruction of challenging articular defects of the carpus. The medial femoral trochlea osteochondral flap is supplied by the descending geniculate artery. This osteochondral flap has shown promise in the treatment of recalcitrant scaphoid proximal pole nonunions and advanced avascular necrosis of the lunate. The anatomy, surgical technique, and results are discussed, with clinical cases provided.

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Sequence exchange between homologous chromosomes through crossing over and gene conversion is highly conserved among eukaryotes, contributing to genome stability and genetic diversity. A lack of recombination limits breeding efforts in crops; therefore, increasing recombination rates can reduce linkage drag and generate new genetic combinations. We use computational analysis of 13 recombinant inbred mapping populations to assess crossover and gene conversion frequency in the hexaploid genome of wheat (Triticum aestivum). We observe that high-frequency crossover sites are shared between populations and that closely related parents lead to populations with more similar crossover patterns. We demonstrate that gene conversion is more prevalent and covers more of the genome in wheat than in other plants, making it a critical process in the generation of new haplotypes, particularly in centromeric regions where crossovers are rare. We identify quantitative trait loci for altered gene conversion and crossover frequency and confirm functionality for a novel RecQ helicase gene that belongs to an ancient clade that is missing in some plant lineages including Arabidopsis. This is the first gene to be demonstrated to be involved in gene conversion in wheat. Harnessing the RecQ helicase has the potential to break linkage drag utilizing widespread gene conversions.

•In Multiple Sclerosis patients, better cerebral autoregulation is associated with higher gray matter and lower white matter hyperintensities volumes.•Enhanced cerebral autoregulation is associated with better cognitive scores.•These associations are independent of years of disease duration and vascular risk factors.•Assessment of cerebrovascular hemodynamics using transcranial Doppler ultrasound represents an innovative approach to assess MS clinical outcomes.

Reconstruction of proximal pole scaphoid nonunion using medial femoral trochlea osteochondral free flap is indicated in young active patients for whom salvage procedures are not ideal. This article reviews the outcomes data available in the literature and provides a brief report of clinical, radiographic, and patient-reported outcomes for the subset of our patients with greater than 3 years postoperative follow-up. The present literature suggests that medial femoral trochlea reconstruction for proximal pole scaphoid nonunion can restore radiocarpal anatomy, prevent progressive carpal collapse, improve function, and relieve pain without causing wrist stiffness, weakness, or excessive donor site morbidity in the short and medium term.

Traumatic amputation of the upper extremity remains a challenging problem for reconstructive hand surgeons. Temporary ectopic banking of amputated parts for subsequent replantation is an innovative and valuable surgical technique for patients who would otherwise be poor candidates for replantation. The applications of ectopic banking have evolved and expanded to include various clinical scenarios. Although there is considerable variability within the literature, this article summarizes the optimal banking locations and duration, while also highlighting several treatment considerations when performing this technique.

Vascularized osteocutaneous free flaps have seen increasing use in foot and ankle surgery for the repair of bony defects secondary to chronic nonunion, osteomyelitis, and fractures. One example is the Medial Femoral Condyle (MFC) Flap. The utility of the MFC flap for the repair of a bony defect in a diabetic patient, however, has yet to be explored. We report the long-term results of a case describing the use of an MFC flap to reconstruct an osseous defect resulting from first metatarsophalangeal joint resection in a diabetic patient.

Focuses on the predicament of Philip Murray, president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Examination of the biographical details of Philip Murray; Confrontation of the problems by Murray as he is squeezed between the Catholic Right and the Communist Left; Depiction of his predicament as he is about to participate at the CIO's ninth constitutional convention in Boston, Massachusetts; Paradox confronted by Murray as he is a leader whose organization is launched with blessings of the New Deal but who still has difficulty getting along with New Deal intellectuals; Expectation of Murray that with war's end, there would be a resumption of drives toward the other objectives--that is, organizing the unorganized and negotiating contracts that would restore equilibrium of forces inside the CIO.

Discusses the decision of the Massachusetts Superior Court in favor of attorney general Clarence Barnes who used a state monopoly law to sue the Atlantic Fishermen's Union (AFU). Allegation of AFU that dealers had combined to rig the auction price very low; Move of AFU to restrict the catch at sea to keep their market price high; Court's ruling that AFU was a monopoly of fishermen manpower and its limitation on the size of each vessel's fishing catch a conspiracy; Court's order to AFU to stop such practices; Idea of the fillet; Mechanization of fish processing; Lay systems; Low wages versus regulation; International regulation of the fished-out areas.

Reports that 800,000 members of the Teamster's Union are pressuring union leaders for more democracy in union management and more political action by the union in the United States. Local 807 teamsters in New York won a 17-day strike; Revolt against autocratic rule by union officials; Struggle against racketeering which has plagued the union for 15 years; Congress aimed an anti-racketeering law directly at the Teamsters.

Part I. Focuses on the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. History of the trade-union; Profile of the truck driver named Leo; Working conditions; Origin of the trucking industry; Organizing truck drivers; Strike of Local 807 on September 1, 1947, which paralyzed truck transportation in New York City.

Although perhaps fifty Protestant clergymen have over the years served in the U.S. Congress, the first Catholic priest to do so-and a Jesuit at that, will be Father Robert Frederick Drinan, elected in November from the Third District of Massachusetts. During the campaign that gained him the Democratic nomination, in place of Philip J. Philbin, who had held the office twenty-eight years; during the race for the general election, which Drinan won by a margin of about 3,000 votes out of some 178,000 cast; and during the present interval between his victory and his arrival in Washington in January, Drinan's clerical status, emphasized by his position as dean of the Boston College Law School, stimulated a curiosity which helped to obscure the political significance of what happened in 1970 in Massachusetts' Third District. The article author believes that it is implicitly great, not just for Massachusetts or the Congress but for the U.S. and its future.

The article focuses on the police actions against Black Panther Party in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia police commissioner Frank Rizzo raided three Black Panther Party offices on August 31, 1970. On August 29, a police sergeant on duty at Fairmont Park had been shot and killed while sitting at a desk in the park police office. Two other officers, one in an unrelated incident elsewhere, had been badly Wounded. Almost at once police arrested two men, black but not Panthers, and charged them with the killing.

In the April 23, 1968 primary elections in Pennsylvania, Senator Eugene McCarthy received 428,259 democratic votes while the combined votes for U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and Vice President Hubert Humphrey were 72, 263. The preference of voters indicated as their political feeling, namely, that they oppose a Johnson Administration candidate and prefer somebody else, particularly Senator McCarthy. Professional Democrats in Pennsylvania, operating an organization that had lost the last two gubernatorial elections and its statewide registration edge over the Republicans, received two stunning blows this year. Their effect was increased by the fact that former Governor David Lawrence had died in 1966 and was no longer around to guide, manage and oversee the deliberations of the state party's policy committee. The first blow was the announcement by Johnson that he would not run for re-election.

The decision-making process in Cuba seems always to involve these elements: (1) A need of sentiment expressed, or perhaps as yet unarticulated, by a group of people; (2) a crisis, such as a hurricane, or maybe only an incident, which brings together the people and dictator Fidel Castro, who is always on the move around Cuba; (3) an illumination resulting from the interplay between the people and Fidel, each concentrated upon the particular concrete problem exposed by the crisis or incident; (4) a plan of action formulated generally by Fidel, who is a very spontaneous thinker and talker. What the future will bring to the Isle of Youth, and to Cuba, may be envisioned in the outlines of the planners and dreamers. But there are always revolutions in the revolution, always changes, always outside interferences, always such practical puzzles as to how the Isle of Youth will work out its economic and social relationship to Cuba, and Cuba its relationship to the world around.

One of the features of the 102-day strike of fourteen unions against General Electric Co. (GE) in the fall of 1969, the most significant struggle of the U.S. organized labor since 1946, was the participation of students and young faculty members in the strike campaign. Union representatives, mostly from United Electrical Workers and the International Union of Electrical Workers, addressed audiences at colleges and universities. Students and professors carried on resistance movements against the presence of GE recruiters on campuses.

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to determine if a token reinforcement program could decrease three inappropriate behaviors (out of seat, talking out, and poor posture) of an elementary [...]

Microvascular toe interphalangeal joint transfer can serve as a means of autogenous digit proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) arthroplasty. Among surgical options for treating dysfunctional, absent, or destroyed PIPJs, free toe joint transfer is the most technically challenging and carries the greatest donor site cost to patients. Despite drawbacks, free toe joint transfer is a valuable tool with considerable advantages over conventional arthroplasty in the appropriate clinical setting. Particular advantages include lifelong durability, coronal plane stability, low infection risk, and growth potential in skeletally immature patients. This technique requires a balanced assessment of the risk-to-benefit ratio for each patient.

DNA methylation regulates eukaryotic gene expression and is extensively reprogrammed during animal development. However, whether developmental methylation reprogramming during the sporophytic life cycle of flowering plants regulates genes is presently unknown. Here we report a distinctive gene-targeted RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) activity in the Arabidopsis thalianamale sexual lineage that regulates gene expression in meiocytes. Loss of sexual-lineage-specific RdDM causes mis-splicing of the MPS1gene (also known as PRD2), thereby disrupting meiosis. Our results establish a regulatory paradigm in which de novo methylation creates a cell-lineage-specific epigenetic signature that controls gene expression and contributes to cellular function in flowering plants.