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Accurate predictions for radiant heat flux are necessary for determining exposure levels to personnel and infrastructure in the event of wildfires. However, detailed physics-based calculations of radiant heat flux are complex and current modelling practice involves significant simplifications in order to make these calculations tractable. We detail current practice for the calculation of radiant heat flux from wildfires and investigate modelling improvements that could benefit practical usage. Furthermore, we demonstrate that current limitations can be circumvented by more advanced physical models using newer generations of computational hardware. Such physical models could allow highly detailed and accurate calculations of radiant heat flux leading to improved risk assessments and planning in regions affected by wildfire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional vascular risk factors do not completely explain the asymmetry, racial, and sex differences in carotid artery disease. Carotid anatomy and geometry may play a role in the pathogenesis of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis, but their effects are unknown. We hypothesized that carotid artery anatomy and geometry would be independently associated with ICA stenosis.

In modelling and simulation a user performs complex sequences of tasks that are intrinsically linked in the form of networks. Tasks include simpler steps such as copying and transforming files to using mesh generation or visualisation software to create inputs or to analyse outputs. Typically, these sequences involve manual steps which are time expensive, often involve use of multiple, incompatible software tools of various levels of usability, which are usually not well documented, and so create significant challenges for provenance, reproducibility and transfer to other users. These semi-manual workflows also inhibit sharing of capabilities and commercialisation. This paper explores how the adoption of the scientific workflow system Workspace can significantly improve such research and engineering activities by streamlining and automating the workflows involved. Benefits ensue in terms of improved collaboration through the sharing of workflow components, higher productivity, reduced costs and shorter development cycles through the reuse of software components and workflows and a reduction in risk due to improved reproducibility, documentation and provenance. The use of the Workspace platform allows such workflows to be executed via an interactive GUI, in batch mode via the command prompt, or embedded within self-contained applications. These applications can take the form of closed source binaries, web services or 'software as a service' applications. This supports significantly improved translation of research prototype software to end users and creates low cost pathways for commercialisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]