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Evaluating and improving water use efficiency is considered one of the main ways of tackling water shortage challenges in water-scarce cities. A useful indicator for evaluating industrial water use efficiency is the relative water use efficiency (RWUE). In this paper, an industrial RWUE evaluation scheme is proposed based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) theory. In this scheme, the RWUE is divided into overall efficiency (OE), pure technical efficiency (PTE), and scale efficiency (SE). In order to help decision-makers specify the focal industry of efficiency improvement, direct water use is distinguished from indirect water use. By employing this industrial RWUE evaluation scheme, this research calculated the industrial RWUEs for 25 representative industries of Beijing (1990-2010). Results show that the OE, PTE, and SE of Beijing have improved significantly. In the primary industry, the scale adjustment fundamentally lifted OE. For the secondary industries, there still exists much room for water use efficiency improvement in technical innovation. Some emerging tertiary industries replaced traditional tertiary industries as the most efficient water users. This study serves as a valuable reference for the implementation of the Strictest Administration of Water Resources (SAWR) of China, and provides policymakers worldwide with a useful framework of understating industrial water use efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well recognized that climatic variability and human activities are resulting in severe water scarcity in China, especially in the mega city Beijing; one important issue is how to manage water resources in order to tackle this situation. This paper assesses the implementation of the Strictest Administration of Water Resources in Beijing, which was issued by the State Council of China in 2012. The assessment is threefold: (a) analysis of water consumption conditions in Beijing, (b) analysis of water resources management systems in Beijing, and (c) existing problems in the current water management system. Our study suggests that Beijing needs to focus more on improving the building of water resources management agencies, taking effective economic measures, strengthening law construction, developing advanced techniques for water-saving, and strengthening the building of a water-saving culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a fully integrated CMOS receiver frontend for high-speed short range wireless applications centering at 60GHz millimeter wave (mmW) band is designed and implemented in 90nm CMOS technology. The 60GHz receiver is designed based on the super-heterodyne architecture consisting of a low noise amplifier (LNA) with inter-stage peaking technique, a single-balanced RF mixer, an IF amplifier, and a double-balanced I/Q down-conversion IF mixer. The proposed 60GHz receiver frontend derives from the sliding-IF structure and is designed with 7GHz ultra-wide bandwidth around 60GHz, supporting four 2.16GHz receiving channels from IEEE 802.11ad standard for next generation high speed Wi-Fi applications. Measured results show that the entire receiver achieves a peak gain of 12dB and an input 1-dB compression point of -14.5dBm, with a noise figure of lower than 7dB, while consumes a total DC current of only 60mA from a 1.2V voltage supply.

AbstractProducing goods and services all needs water consumption. The water used in the process of an agricultural or industrial product is called the “Virtual Water” contained in this product. Through international trade, water-scarce countries and regions could purchase water-intensive products-especially foods, from water-rich countries to balance their water deficits and achieve water safety. China is one of the 13 most water-deficit countries whose water safety have been severely challenged. This paper generalized the recent global research development and made a brief introduction about the methods calculating virtual water content in specific products. As a case study, we qualified China's annual virtual water flows from year 2000 to 2002 with trade in crops, and ended with some policy advice for application and practice of virtual water strategy.

A new on-line tool wear states detecting method, with spindle and feed current signal in boring, is presented. By analyzing the effects of tool wear, as well as the cutting parameters on the current signals, the models of the relationship between the current signals and the cutting parameters are established under different tool wear states with partial experimental design and regression analysis. Fuzzy classification method is then used to obtain the membership degree of each tool wear classification with measured spindle and feed current values. Finally, the membership results of the spindle current and feed current are fused by the fuzzy inference method, and the tool wear state may be detected effectively. The validity and reliability of the method are verified by experimental results. The method can be effectively employed in practice.

The goal of the shape control is to raise production quality of the sheets. First, the paper developed alternative regulating techniques which use static double digit regulators. It doubles the regulating density of a shape control system over that designed by conventional methods. The movement of the rolling sheet is selected as an independent variable, solving the difficult design point of the random tine lag system. Secondly, computer hardware and software systems of the shape control system have been designed. This system has solved these key problems:closed control of strip shape, real time display and printout of the shape and its parameters, automatic tracking of the sheet over the edge, failure forecast and the concentration of operation and management.