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•aMCD belongs to HHV-8–negative MCD, which might be a potential early stage of iMCD.•Patients with aMCD do not need immediate treatment but should be closely monitored.

Adderall (amphetamine-dextroamphetamine) is a controlled substance with harmful adverse effects if abused or misused. We assessed the availability of Adderall from common search engines, and evaluated the safety and marketing characteristics of online pharmacies selling Adderall.

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation contributes to tumorigenesis, and it is reported that abnormal miR-92a-3p expression participates in multiple cancers’ occurrence and progression. This study focuses on miR-92a-3p’s functions and regulatory mechanism in breast cancer (BC). The current study proved miR-92a-3p expression was enhanced in BC tissues and cells, and its high expression was related to increased TNM stage and larger tumor size of BC patients. Functionally, transfection of miR-92a-3p mimics facilitated BC cell proliferation and metastasis, yet transfection of miR-92a-3p inhibitors functioned oppositely. In addition, BTG2 was verified as a direct miR-92a-3p target in BC cells. This research indicated that miR-92a-3p facilitates BC cell proliferation and metastasis through repressing BTG2 expression.

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat causing substantial morbidity and mortality as well as significant economic costs. Vaccines can contribute to combating antimicrobial resistance by reducing the incidence of resistant disease cases and lowering overall antibiotic use. Greater utilization and investments in vaccines as a tool for combating AMR might be hampered by limited economic evidence demonstrating the AMR-related value of vaccines. We reviewed the existing literature to assess the state of evidence. We found two modeling studies that provided estimates of AMR-related costs averted by pneumococcal vaccination and a few cost-effectiveness studies that exclusively focused on serotype replacement effects on overall vaccine cost-effectiveness. We did not find any cost-effectiveness studies that directly examined the cost-effectiveness of vaccines in slowing the development of AMR. Further evidence on the cost-effectiveness and economic value of vaccines in controlling AMR can help inform resource allocation decisions and guide development priorities.

BackgroundRenal impairment (RI) is one of the cardinal features of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), contributing to dismal outcomes and high risk of early death. Improved renal function is associated with prolonged survival for NDMM. The triplet combination of pomalidomide with bortezomib and dexamethasone (PVD) has been proven to be effective in MM patients with RI [1](The manuscript in preparation). However, the best renal overall response rate (ORR) was 78.8% and 21.2% of patients had no renal response to PVD.

The main objective of this study was to preliminarily determine the optimum formulation of a Chinese herbal formula that may have neuroprotective effects against rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine-4 (H3K4me3) is associated with eukaryotic gene promoters and poises their transcriptional activation during development. To examine the in vivofunction of H3K4me3 in the absence of DNA replication, we deleted CXXC finger protein 1 (CFP1), the DNA-binding subunit of the SETD1 histone H3K4 methyltransferase, in developing oocytes. We find that CFP1 is required for H3K4me3 accumulation and the deposition of histone variants onto chromatin during oocyte maturation. Decreased H3K4me3 in oocytes caused global downregulation of transcription activity. Oocytes lacking CFP1 failed to complete maturation and were unable to gain developmental competence after fertilization, due to defects in cytoplasmic lattice formation, meiotic division, and maternal-zygotic transition. Our study highlights the importance of H3K4me3 in continuous histone replacement for transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, and normal developmental progression in a non-replicative system.

Steam turbine generator unit, water pump and other high speed revolution symmetric flexible rotor were regarded as research objects in this paper. According to variation characteristic of rotor shaft in rigid and flexible working mode, nine-reel high pressure water pump rotor was analyzed. The former four-order intrinsic frequency of flexible rotor was obtained by modal analysis and harmonic response analysis. The methods of reaction force response and unbalance response were been studied after first order and second order resonance region eliminating in different modes of simple harmonic exciting force. Based on above theoretical research results, trapezoid counterweight method was proposed for dynamic balance of flexible rotor. This method solved problem that rigid dynamic balance of low speed rotor was destroyed after first order and second order resonance region counter weight in dynamic balance of flexible rotor. The dynamic balancing techniques of flexible rotor could be improved the qualities of rotor and its relative products by this method, eliminating the vibration of unbalance mass of products radically.

Castleman disease (CD) is a group of rare and heterogenous lymphoproliferative disorders including unicentric CD (UCD), human herpesvirus-8(HHV-8)-associated multicentric CD (HHV8-MCD), and HHV-8-negative/idiopathic multicentric CD (iMCD). Knowledge of CD mainly comes from case series or retrospective studies, but the inclusion criteria of these studies vary because the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN) diagnostic criteria for iMCD and UCD were not available until 2017 and 2020, respectively. Further, these criteria and guidelines have not been systematically evaluated.

AbstractIn this study, four dye-degrading bacteria, Bacillus pumilusstrain ZK1, Bacillus cereusstrain ZK2, Brevibacillus panacihumistrain ZB1, and Lysinibacillus fusiformisstrain ZB2 were used for the development of granule. Sterile sludge was used as seeding agent in a sequencing batch reactor under intermittent facultative anaerobic–aerobic system followed by subsequent textile wastewater treatment. Physical and morphological characteristics of the granules were determined after 112 d of development time. The average size of the mature granules reached 3.3 ± 1 mm, with integrity coefficient of 25 ± 2, settling velocity of 56 ± 5 m h−1, and sludge volume index of 35 ± 5.5 mL g−1. Mixed liquor suspended solids and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids were 12.9 ± 0.8 and 11 ± 0.6 g L−1, respectively. The developed granules showed 61% of decolorization and 46% of COD removal at HRT of 24 h. The population distribution of the bacteria consortium in mature granules developed into subsequent ratio of 1:4:9:11 from initial inoculum ratio of 1:1:1:1 of B. pumilusstrain ZK1, B. cereusstrain ZK2, B. panacihumistrain ZB1, and L. fusiformisstrain ZB2, respectively. The results obtained indicated that this mixed culture of bacteria has good potential application for the treatment of textile wastewater.

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versussleeve gastrectomy for obese patients with Type 2 diabetes. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and the Chinese Wan fang database up to October 2013. Randomized controlled trials regarding the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic gastric bypass versussleeve gastrectomy for obese diabetic patients were included. Two review authors independently abstracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The mean difference and relative risk were estimated with 95 per cent confidence intervals. Four randomized controlled trials met inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference between gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy groups with regard to glycosylated hemoglobin (mean difference [MD], 0.41%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.09 to 0.91), fasting plasma glucose (standardized MD, 0.61 mg/mL; 95% CI, -0.10 to 1.32), the numbers of subjects using oral antihyperglycemic medications and insulin (relative rate [RR], 1.53; 95% CI, 0.45 to 5.24; RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.47 to 4.39, respectively), body weight (MD, 0.42 kg; 95% CI, -5.01 to 5.85), body mass index (MD, 0.85 kg/m2; 95% CI, 0.13 to 1.58), or waist circumference (MD, 1.59 cm; 95% CI, -3.02 to 6.19). However, cardiovascular risk was more significantly lessened in the gastric bypass group. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that compared with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass offers equal efficacy for treatment of diabetes in obese patients but is associated with a significantly decreased cardiovascular risk.

This study was to investigate the effects of cold stress on the contents of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of chickens. A total of 80 15-day-old male chickens were treated by cold stress with the duration of the acute cold stress being 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, and the chronic cold stress was 5, 10, and 20 days, respectively. Cold stress temperature was (12±1)°C. The chemical colorimetric method was used to detect the changes of the T-AOC, SOD activities and MDA contents. The results showed that compared with the corresponding control group, effects of acute cold stress on the T-AOC in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of chickens significantly (P<0.05) increased firstly and then decreased. Under chronic cold stress, the T-AOC significantly (P<0.05) decreased. Under acute cold stress and chronic cold stress, the MDA contents significantly (P<0.05) increased in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of chickens. The effects of acute cold stress on the SOD activities in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of chickens significantly (P<0.05) increased firstly and then decreased. Under chronic cold stress the SOD activities significantly (P<0.05) decreased in jejunum and ileum, but significantly (P<0.05) decreased firstly and then increased in duodenum.

Abstract: Objective: To observe the reversion of multi-drug resistance by proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in K562/DNR cell line and to analyze the possible mechanism of reversion of multidrug-resistance. Methods: MTT method was used to determine the drug resistance of K562/DNR cells and the cellular toxicity of bortezomib. K562/DNR cells were cultured for 12 hours, 24 hours and 36 hours with 100 μg/ml DNR only or plus 4 μg/L bortezomib. The expressions of NF-κB, IκB and P-gp of K562/DNR were detected with Western blot method, the activity of NF-κB was tested by ELISA method and the apoptosis rate was observed in each group respectively. Results: The IC50 of DNR on cells of K562/S and K562/DNR groups were 1.16 μg/ml and 50.43 μg/mL, respectively. The drug-resistant fold was 43.47. The IC10 of PS-341 on Cell strain K562/DNR was 4 μg/L. Therefore, 4 μg/L was selected as the concentration for PS-341 to reverse drug-resistance in this study. DNR induced down-regulation of IκB expression, up-regulation of NF-κB and P-gp expression. After treatment with PS-341, a proteasome inhibitor, the IκB degradation was inhibited, IκB expression increased, NF-κB and P-gp expression decreased in a time dependent manner. Compared to DNR group, the NF-κB p65 activity of DNR+PS-341 group was decreased. Compared to corresponding DNR group, DNR induced apoptosis rate increases after addition of PS-341 in a time dependent manner. Conclusion: Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib can convert the leukemia cell drug resistance. The mechanism may be that bortezomib decreases the degradation of IκB and the expression of NF-κB and P-gp, therefore induces the apoptosis of multi-drug resistant cells.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of husbands' gender equity awareness on wives' reproductive health in rural areas of China.

Abstract: Objective: In this study, we applied multidrug resistant leukemia cell line expressing mdr1-mRNA to observe changes in mdr1-mRNA, the P-gp, cell cycle and apoptosis before and after bortezomib was used, in order to explore the mechanism of reversal of leukemia multidrug resistance by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Methods: Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the intracellular drug concentration, expression of P-gp, cell apoptosis and cell cycle status of K562/DNR cells before and a er treatment with different concentrations of bortezomib. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was applied to detect the mdr1-mRNA expression in K562/DNR and K562/S cells. Results: Bortezomib could increase the intracellular DNR content in K562/DNR cells, but showed no eff ect in K562/S cells. 5–100 nmol/L bortezomib could significantly reduce the P-gp/mdr1-mRNA expression in K562/DNR cells in vitro, and showed a dose-dependent effect. There was a statistically significant diff erence (P < 0.05) between different concentration groups and the control group. P-gp/mdr1-mRNA expression was negatively correlated with cell apoptosis (r = −0.912 and P < 0.01). After treatment with different concentrations of bortezomib for 24 h, K562/DNR cells in G2 + M phases were significantly increased, while cells in G0 + G1 phases and S phase were significantly decreased, accompanied by an increased apoptotic rate. Conclusion: Bortezomib can induce G0 + G1 phase to G2 + M phase, and thereby enhance the chemosensitivity of leukemia, and may also reverse the multidrug resistance in leukemia mediated by P-gp overexpression encoded by mdr1 gene. This confirms that bortezomib can reverse leukemia multidrug resistance at the levels of nucleic acid and protein molecules.

Climate extremes for agriculture-pasture transitional zone, northern China, are analyzed on the basis of daily mean temperature and precipitation observations for 31 stations in the period 1956–2001. Analysis season for precipitation is May-September, i.e., the rainy season. For temperature is the hottest three months, i.e., June through August. Heavy rain events, defined as those with daily precipitation equal to or larger than 50 mm, show no significant secular trend. A jump-like change, however, is found occurring in about 1980. For the period 1980–1993, the frequency of heavy rain events is significantly lower than the previous periods. Simultaneously, the occurring time of heavy rains expanded, commencing about one month early and ending one month later. Long dry spells are defined as those with longer than 10 days without rainfall. The frequency of long dry spells displays a significant (at the 99% confidence level) trend at the value of +8.3% /10a. That may be one of the major causes of the frequent droughts emerging over northern China during the last decades. Extremely hot and low temperature events are defined as the uppermost 10% daily temperatures and the lowest 10% daily temperatures, respectively. There is a weak and non-significant upward trend in frequency of extremely high temperatures from the 1950s to the mid-1990s. But the number of hot events increases as much as twice since 1997. That coincides well with the sudden rise in mean summer temperature for the same period. Contrary to that, the frequency of low temperature events have been decreasing steadily since the 1950s, with a significant linear trend of -15%/10a.

Introduction:Generic formulations of imatinib were approved and commercially available in the United States starting in 2016, introducing vast cost savings to the standard treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). While bioequivalence studies of generic formulations are required for Food and Drug Administration approval, the safety of generic drug supply chains have come into question. There is limited real-world data comparing the effectiveness and safety profiles of generic formulations to the original. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of generic imatinib compared to the branded product.

Summary: Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are widely used in China for contraception, but uterine bleeding is the most common side effect. This study is to observe the effects on menstrual blood loss (MBL) of the 4 types of IUDs —stainless steel ring (SR), Shanghai copper T 200 (CuT), Shanghai copper V 200 (CuV) and Beijing copper V 200 (BV) —which are commonly used in China. MBL was determined in 82 subjects in pre and postinsertion periods. After insertion, the mean MBL of all types of IUDs were significantly higher than that before insertion (P<0.01). The range was 11.7—425 ml, and the increased percentage of MBL was 23–109%. It did not return to the preinsertion level in the 12th menstrual period. The Hb concentration remained essentially unchanged during the study. The increased mean MBL and incidence of menorrhagia in the postinsertion period showed lower bleeding effect in the SR and BV groups than the CuT and CuV ones. SR may be IUD of choice for long term use if the expulsion rate and contraceptive efficacy can be improved. The bleeding problem of CuT and CuV remains to be solved in the future.

Aortic perforation during coronary angiography is a rare but potentially lethal complication. We present the case of a 75-year-old man who sustained an aortic perforation at the sinus of Valsava during coronary angiography being carried out in preparation for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This clinical emergency was initially managed by pericardiocentesis with a pigtail catheter, despite subtle evidence shown by the image of coronary perforation or aortic perforation. Emergency pericardiotomy was performed and active bleeding was found from the sinus of Valsava. We successfully repaired the perforation using a direct tensionless suture. This case suggests that aortic perforation can be missed if there is only a subtle contrast jet in the angiography, and emergency surgical intervention will then become mandatory.

Seven types of immobilized lipase PS were prepared using supporting materials such as metal oxides, ceramics, and mesoporous silica. They were then evaluated for use in an ionic liquid solvent system. The reaction rate was significantly dependent on the combination of the source of the supporting materials and solvent system. Tungstenvi oxide coated-metal oxides were thus found as novel supporting materials for lipase PS.

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has been advocated as one of the primary diagnostic modalities for suspicious pulmonary nodules and diffuse interstitial lung disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the cost and safety of VATS lung wedge resection(s) as an “overnight” hospital admission. We retrospectively reviewed all 37 charts of patients who underwent VATS wedge resections for these indications from August 1999 to April 2001. There was a slight female predominance with mean age of 56.8 years (range 33–88). Eighteen patients had interstitial disease and 19 patients had pulmonary nodules. The duration of chest tube drainage was one day in the majority (92%). Length of hospital admission was overnight in 70 per cent whereas 22 per cent remained two days. This latter group from the earlier period of the trial had characteristics identical to those of an overnight stay. This creates a potential overnight stay in 87 per cent. Five complications occurred in three patients, which extended the length of stay. No mortality was reported. The overall hospital charges for the overnight-stay VATS were nearly half the charges for the open thoracotomy counterpart. Diagnostic VATS wedge biopsy is a cost effective and safe procedure allowing an overnight hospital stay in the majority of cases.

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Au moins 2 gènes majeurs (CDKN2A, CDK4) sont impliqués dans la susceptibilité au mélanome (MM) familial et/ou multiple, et une vingtaine d’allèles de pénétrance faible ou intermédiaire ont été identifiés (MC1R, MITF…). Cependant, l’héritabilité manquante dans le MM est importante, supérieure à 70 %. Dans ce travail, nous avons réalisé une étude d’exomes chez 32 patients atteints de mélanomes, afin d’identifier d’autres facteurs génétiques de susceptibilité au MM.

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