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The importance of fear and maladaptive health behavior responses within the ordered protection motivation threat persuasion framework is investigated. By observing the initial creation of maladaptive responses, the results indicate that without adaptive coping response information, high threat information and fear cause avoidance and other maladaptive responses. These influences, in turn, reduce intentions to adopt the recommended adaptive protection behavior. When adaptive coping response information is provided after a threatening fear appeal, maladaptive responses' negative effects are reduced, and adaptive protection behavior intentions are increased. The results of this study have important implications for health and social marketing campaigns (e.g., prevention of AIDS, drug abuse), where maladaptive responses may be responsible for a significant number of program failures. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: Website: KEYWORDS. Social marketing, health marketing, threat, fear

The establishment of competency-based management assessment in Australia has proven difficult because of the lack of a shared definition of competence. An examination of areas of agreement within the literature on the subject shows that competence involves the capacity to perform effectively in specific situations, the ability to adapt acquired skills and knowledge to new circumstances, and the proclivity to activate these qualities. The literature also shows that the most effective managers are competent at strategizing, administration, solving problems, building and leading teams, and self-management.

This study investigates violence in the classroom as a unique job demand of teachers and examines how its effect on teacher wellbeing can be improved through teacher self-efficacy. Personal teaching efficacy, teacher efficacy in the school organisation, and teacher outcome efficacy are explored. A sample of 599 teachers from the USA completed a cross-sectional questionnaire of their wellbeing, workplace engagement, self-efficacy in handling violent events, frequency of violence experienced, and job characteristics. Findings show violence in the classroom is a significant predictor of teacher burnout and leaving the profession. Results suggest teacher self-efficacy in handling violent events lessens the impact of classroom violence on teacher wellbeing. Results also indicate that school support reduces the impact of violence on teacher wellbeing. This has implications for public education policy and highlights the importance of school-wide violence prevention and teacher victimisation training programs as key parts of pre-service and in-service training curriculum.

The protection motivation (PM) model can improve the effectiveness of the fear appeal in marketing. The PM model should be modified so that the emotion element receives more emphasis, the appraisal processes occur in a sequential manner, maladaptive coping behaviors are addressed more completely, and the social context of the danger is added. These four factors were investigated by surveying 120 college students about their knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases. The results indicated that the factors that should be considered when developing fear appeals include the severity of the threat, the possibility of occurrence, coping response efficacy, and self-efficacy.

Salesforce control systems tend to focus on outcomes rather than behaviors. The use and effectiveness of behavior-based control systems is limited, particularly with industrial sales-people, who generally operate in the field much of the time where their behavior cannot be closely observed or supervised by management. The authors propose Behavioral Self-Management (BSM) as a means of controlling the methods salespeople use to achieve results. Specific BSM techniques applicable to selling and strategies for encouraging salespeople to engage in self-management are reviewed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

The United States Army and Air Force aviation assets joined Marine Corps aircraft to give critical support to ground combat operations in Operation Enduring Freedom V. The resupply aircrafts augmenting the Marine Expeditionary Unit's (MEU) internal aviation combat element assets were instrumental to the success of US forces in Afghanistan.

The article discusses the employment of state-specific strategies for the implementation of Common Core State Standards (CCSS) in the U.S. It mentions that the approach could aid in boosting the economy while ensuring a globally relevant education in the country. It mentions that the program include the attainment of good instruction, accountability measures and assessments.

Scholarship on leadership has tended to emphasize its nature and its behavioral features. This article focuses on the formation of leadership by paying particular attention to the role of travel experience in a young (11-29) person's life. The study examines the travel experiences of three nineteenth-century American leaders: John Quincy Adams, Frederick Douglass and Jane Addams. The author's findings establish the importance of travel in the formation of a person's sense of self-confidence, perspective, skills, and sense of purpose, all of which contribute to the formation of their leadership abilities.

This section presents a excerpt from the report "Task Force for Economic Growth, Education Commission of the States," by James B. Hunt, Jr. INSET: Who Are They?.

Presents the comments of former governors Garrey Caruthers, Jim Edgar and James B. Hunt on 'Measuring Up 2000,' a report card on how well states in the United States are providing college opportunities to their residents. Criteria in evaluating states; Opinion of U.S. Secretary of Education Richard Riley on the report; Gap between the college opportunities of whites and Hispanic and Afro-American populations.