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Copyright of Acta Fabula is the property of Fabula and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Fabula is the property of Fabula and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article provides an update on bovine mammary gland immunology, specifically focusing on mastitis, a prevalent disease in dairy cattle. Mastitis has negative effects on milk quality, yield, fertility, and pregnancy rates, resulting in economic losses for farmers. The article discusses the use of antibiotics in udder health, responsible antimicrobial usage, and the welfare issues faced by cows with clinical mastitis. It explores the immune response of the mammary gland, highlighting the importance of understanding the immune response to improve udder health and prevent mastitis on dairy farms. The article also discusses the role of different immune responses, such as Th1 immunity, IgG1 antibodies, and the Th3 response, in providing protective immunity against bovine mastitis. It mentions the role of soluble factors and innate immune components in providing protection. The text emphasizes the importance of vaccination in promoting healthy udder function and protecting against mastitis, explaining the different types of immunity involved and the positive impact of vaccination on neutrophil recruitment, antibody production, and pathogen killing. It also highlights the negative effects of poor immunity, such as deficient phagocytosis and bacterial killing, which can lead to severe clinical mastitis. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a speech by the Director, National Cancer Institute, Norman E. Sharpless delivered at West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, October 18, 2018. Topics included momentum around cancer research and cancer care, the humor which patients exhibit while undergoing treatment and information about retrovirology, immunology and biomedical research.

Competing Interests: The author declares no competing interests.