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The patch-clamp whole cell recording was used to demonstrate activation of membrane conductance to K+, Cl− and cations induced by acetylcholine (ACh) in the isolated acinar cells of the guinea pig nasal gland. A small outward K+ current at 0 mV and a large transient and sustained inward current at −90 mV were evoked by ACh and ACh-evoked reversal potential was about −3 mV nearly to Cl− equilibrium potential in 140 mM KCl in the pipette and physiological saline in the bath. The ionic substitutional experiments indicated that ACh-evoked inward currents were carried by both Cl− and cations. Both outward and inward currents evoked by ACh were almost completely abolished by removal of external Ca2+ and mimicked those evoked by a calcium ionophore A23187. These findings indicate that ACh-evoked membrane conductances are mediated by an increase in intracellular Ca2+.Copyright 1994, 1999 Academic Press, Inc.

A simple scheme was developed by utilization of a micro-HPLC technique in order to monitor synthetic reactions in-situ. The application of this system for the organic reaction of bromination of toluene was successfully presented.

A survey of chemical abundances for Galactic metalpoor stars, which are likely constituents of the outer part of the halo, is currently in progress. The sample analysed so far is comprised of 26 metalpoor [FeH] < –1 stars, whose estimated orbits reach >5 kpc above and below the Galactic plane. Using these sample stars selected based on their kinematics, we carried out the highresolution spectroscopy with SubaruHDS and obtained their chemical abundances. The detailed abundance pattern of the outer halo stars has important clues for the progenitor systems populating the Galactic outer halo. The current status of our survey is reported. © 2008 WILEYVCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim