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Objective To evaluate the effect of p-coumaric acid (p-CA) on haloperidol-induced catalepsy in Swiss albino male mice.Methods To induce catalepsy, haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.) was administered for 21 consecutive days. p-CA (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg, PO) was administered 30 min before haloperidol injection for 21 consecutive days. For catalepsy, locomotor activity and motor coordination scores were recorded on the 17, 14, and 21 days of drug treatment, while the gait analysis score was recorded on day 21. After behavioral testing, animals were sacrificed, and various biochemical and histopathology tests of the brain were conducted. Dopamine, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity were examined in the brain.Results Chronic administration of haloperidol significantly increased catalepsy in mice. It also produced hypolocomotion, motor coordination, and gait disturbance in mice. p-CA significantly inhibited haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Haloperidol significantly increased malondialdehyde levels in the brain. While dopamine levels in the brain dropped along with GSH, SOD, and catalase activity levels, which also had an impact on the histology of the brain. p-CA significantly reduced haloperidol-induced increases in brain oxidative stress, dopamine levels in the brain, and brain histology in mice.Discussion p-CA significantly reduced haloperidol-induced catalepsy, possibly through reducing oxidative stress and increasing brain dopamine levels. It can be a good candidate drug for extrapyramidal symptoms in Parkinson’s disease and adjuvant therapy with antipsychotic drugs.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Berberis aristata(BA) against oxazolone induced contact dermatitis in Balb/c mice and molecular docking with TLR-1 and TLR-2. Dermatitis was induced in Balb/c mice by sensitizing with topical application of 100 μl oxazolone (2%) and the effect of BA was screened in two doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg P.O.). The effect was evaluated by the change in ear thickness, anti-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and oxidative stress on the sixth day in ear tissue homogenate. The ear skin of all group mice was subjected to histological analysis. This work was further evidenced by the docking of berberine with crystal structure of TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer caused by using the binding of tri-acylated lipopeptide (PDB ID: 2Z7X). In this study, we found that a significant reduction in ear thickness was found in BA (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) as compared to 100 μl oxazolone(2%) treated mice. The reduction level of GSH and SOD found in 100 μl oxazolone (2%) sensitized mice. BA (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) treated animals showed an increase in GSH and SOD levels. A significant reduction in inflammatory cytokines was observed in BA treated mice and indicates anti-inflammatory activity against oxazolone. Histopathological analysis showed minimal infiltration of lymphocytes and moderate harm to skin cells and layer in BA treated mice. Docking studies revealed promising binding interaction of berberine withTLR1-TLR2 heterodimer which can attribute to its anti dermatic effect. This present research shows that BA has a dose-dependent effect in contact dermatitis attenuated by oxazolone.