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The complexity and variation in ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) definitions in paediatrics may pose threats to the reliable identification of VAP. The revision of the surveillance definition to ventilator-associated event (VAE) has been mandated in adult populations, to overcome these issues. However, the evidence for application of the definition is unknown in children.

•Medical devices increase the likelihood of developing pressure injuries in paediatric patients.•The occiput and heels are the most common sites of pressure injury development in paediatrics.•Neonatal and paediatric patients require limb splinting to preserve intravascular access.•Limb boards used in splinting have been implicated in pressure injury development.•Hydration, nutritional status, and oxygenation may affect patients' skin integrity.

High flow nasal cannula is an emerging treatment option in Paediatric Intensive Care Units for paediatric patients in acute respiratory distress. Yet there is a paucity of literature describing its clinical application in various presenting pathophysiologies.