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Intelligent instruments, sensors or actuators, differ from usual instruments because of a more complex architecture, allowing them to increase significantly their perfonnances, and to integrate a multitude of new services. These evolutions, due to an increasing use of embedded electronics, make manufacture much more difficult. Therefore, the setting of a test strategy becomes necessary, and the purpose is to validate, throughout the product life cycle, the instrument operation. This paper describes the major test strategies adapted to the instrument and provides a methodology to assess each of them in order to make manufacturer's final decision easier.

ABSTRACT: Two mutations have been described on the gene considered to be responsible for genetic hemochromatosis, the HLA-H orHFEgene. The C282Y mutation is a disease-causing mutation in most cases of genetic hemochromatosis, but involvement of the H63D substitution in the pathogenesis of the disease is unclear. Compound heterozygotes for both substitutions could help to determine whether or not the second mutation is a worsening factor when associated intranswith the C282Y mutant. We found twenty nine compound heterozygotes during DNA analysis of patients referred to our laboratory for the screening of those mutations. Clinical and biological data were obtainable for 23 of them. Compound heterozygotes could be divided into two groups: subjects with or without iron overload. Five (22%) individuals had normal ferritin levels, whereas 18 had elevated ferritin concentrations (78%). Among those 18 patients, 7 (30% of the total) had clinical and biological criteria of genetic hemochromatosis. Eleven had iron overload without all the criteria of genetic hemochromatosis. Such a high proportion of genetic hemochromatosis is not found in heterozygotes for the C282Y mutation alone neither in our series nor in the literature. Compound heterozygotes for the C282Y and the H63D mutations may have a higher risk of iron overload or genetic hemochromatosis than single heterozygotes for the C282Y mutation. We propose a schematic theoretical representation that could explain this fact at the protein level. Further fundamental studies on the protein, and clinical follow up of compound heterozygotes could help to ascertain this hypothesis.