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Throughout 2021, the Biden administration has pursued a series of key climate change and environmental justice initiatives. Given that, historically, American environmental law developments have long been acknowledged as influential for Australia, it is expected that the Biden administration’s initiatives will shape the trajectory of Australian climate change and environmental law in the future. This opinion piece distils the detail of the Biden administration’s actions across the spheres of executive orders, agency appointments, the Glasgow Climate Change Conference (COP26), regulatory measures and law reform to analyse the emerging precedent and prospective implications for Australian law.

This research compares the views of CEOs and CIOs in the same organizations about the relative richness of four communications media (face-to-face, e-mail, business memo, telephone), and the current and future roles of IT in their organizations. Overall, CEOs are found to be more optimistic about the expected impacts of future IT projects. Organizations in which there was greater shared vision about the future role of IT also reported more frequent CEO/CIO communications utilizing communications channels perceived to be richer: face-to-face and e-mail. KEYWORDS leadership roles, IT investments, IT impacts, alignment of the IS organization

Rhodium-alkene complexes of the pincer ligand κ3-C5H3N-2,6-(OPiPr2)2(PONOP-iPr) have been prepared and structurally characterized: [Rh(PONOP-iPr)(η2-alkene)][BArF4] [alkene = cyclooctadiene (COD), norbornadiene (NBD), ethene; ArF= 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]. Only one of these, alkene = COD, undergoes a reaction with H2(1 bar), to form [Rh(PONOP-iPr)(η2-COE)][BArF4] (COE = cyclooctene), while the others show no significant reactivity. This COE complex does not undergo further hydrogenation. This difference in reactivity between COD and the other alkenes is proposed to be due to intramolecularalkene-assisted reductive elimination in the COD complex, in which the η2-bound diene can engage in bonding with its additional alkene unit. H/D exchange experiments on the ethene complex show that reductive elimination from a reversibly formed alkyl hydride intermediate is likely rate-limiting and with a high barrier. The proposed final product of alkene hydrogenation would be the dihydrogen complex [Rh(PONOP-iPr)(η2-H2)][BArF4], which has been independently synthesized and undergoes exchange with free H2on the NMR time scale, as well as with D2to form free HD. When the H2addition to [Rh(PONOP-iPr)(η2-ethene)][BArF4] is interrogated using pH2at higher pressure (3 bar), this produces the dihydrogen complex as a transient product, for which enhancements in the 1H NMR signal for the bound H2ligand, as well as that for free H2, are observed. This is a unique example of the partially negative line-shape effect, with the enhanced signals that are observed for the dihydrogen complex being explained by the exchange processes already noted.

Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite breakthrough clinical therapies for the treatment of cancer using platinum and arsenic compounds, metal complexes have received relatively little attention from industrial anticancer drug discovery programs over the last few decades. The chemical diversity and versatility offered by metal complexes, arising from the choice of metal, oxidation state, redox state, number and type of ligands, coordination geometry, and their magnetic and optical properties, provides an opportunity to develop novel metallopharmaceuticals that can overcome some of the shortfalls associated with current state-of-the-art cancer treatments. Herein we highlight selected recent developments and novel ideas currently being explored by scientists to uncover the next generation of anticancer metallopharmaceuticals with clinically relevant efficacies.

There is limited information on the effects of stress and/or physiological manipulation on plasma concentrations of corticosterone (CORT) in turkeys. Under basal conditions, there was evidence for episodic release of CORT in turkeys. The present studies determine the effects of handling, herding, herding, the administration of Escherichia coliendotoxin, and challenge with turkey adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on plasma concentrations of CORT in market-weight male turkeys. Plasma concentrations of CORT were increased after challenge with turkey ACTH, handling together with saline injection or herding (moving birds from one pen to another). There were no effects on plasma concentrations of CORT of the following putative stressors: handling per se, endotoxin challenge, or of placing in an inverted position on simulated shackles.

There is limited information on the effects of stress and/or physiological manipulation on either plasma concentrations of corticosterone (CORT) and/or heterophil: lymphocyte (H : L) ratios in turkeys. The present studies examine the effects of catching/transportation/lairage in a holding shed and shackling on plasma concentrations of CORT and H : L ratios in male market weight turkeys. Plasma concentrations of CORT were increased after transportation and lairage but not further elevated by shackling, irrespective of its duration up to 240 s. In one study, there were increased H : L ratios following catching/placing birds into transportation cages/transportation/lairage. In one study, H : L ratios declined following shackling. It is concluded that while moving turkeys from the farm to immediately before the shackling line is stressful, shackling for up to 4 min was not perceived as more stressful in turkeys. There were also differences between farms/houses for both plasma concentrations of CORT and H : L ratios.

Whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) could be an alternative to multimodality staging of colorectal cancer, but its diagnostic accuracy, effect on staging times, number of tests needed, cost, and effect on treatment decisions are unknown. We aimed to prospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of WB-MRI-based staging pathways with standard pathways in colorectal cancer.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) could be an alternative to multi-modality staging of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its diagnostic accuracy, effect on staging times, number of tests needed, cost, and effect on treatment decisions are unknown. We aimed to prospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of WB-MRI-based staging pathways with standard pathways in NSCLC.

Cancer is a disease that arises from genetic mutations that are environmental, inherited, or random in nature. Improvements in technology with next-generation sequencing have made genetic testing and mutation profiling more accessible. It is possible to understand what drives cancerous cell growth and, in some cases, target therapy specifically to those mutations. This article reviews the pathways that can lead to cancer formation, the types of genes involved, options for genetic sequencing, and the role of the nurse practitioner in keeping patients and families informed.

AbstractTwenty-four business executives and 22 security executives had previously participated in a study about information security investment. The current study asked participants to comment on their reasons for participating in that research. A total of 1003 reasons were submitted which were used to perform a content analysis of information security survey research (ISSR) participation factors. Security and business executives' reasons for participating differed. Reasons also differed by industry. The findings will help researchers to properly communicate the benefits of their studies and thus increase participation rates for ISSR. Greater participation will perhaps contribute to efforts to improve information security.

A biography of pilot Richard H. Johnson is presented. Johnson was born on January 10, 1923. He grew up in Los Altos, California from 1933 to 1941. He built several model gliders and model airplanes. He won the California State Hand-Launched Model Gilder Championship in 1937. His first bought glider was a Northrup Primary glider.

Presents the short story "Saturday's Child," by Alice Owens Johnson.

Meythaler JM, Fisher WS, Rue LW, Johnson A, Davis L, Brunner RC. Screening for venous thromboembolism in traumatic brain injury: limitations of D-dimer assay. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:285-90. Objectives:To assess whether 2 different D-dimer fibrin degradation assays[mdash ]a second-generation latex immunosorbent agglutination (LIA) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)[mdash ]are predictive for the development of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) at the currently accepted level of 500[mu ]g/L of D-dimer assay during the first weeks after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to correlate over 8 weeks the second-generation LIA assay with the ELISA assay after acute TBI. Design:A case series of persons with TBI were screened for DVT at 2 weeks ([plusmn]3d) using real-time, spectral Doppler ultrasound, as well as D-dimer fibrin split products. All persons were rescreened at 4, 6, and 8 weeks ([plusmn]3d) after injury using D-dimer LIA and ELISA assays. Setting:A university hospital with a directly connected comprehensive in- and outpatient rehabilitation center that are part of the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems. Participants:Over 3 years, 35 TBI subjects with a mean Glasgow Coma Scale score of 6.5 were consecutively enrolled into the trial while on acute care. Persons were at least 16 years of age with no history of treatment for DVT. Interventions:Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures:Data were analyzed for the levels of D-dimer and risk as established by a predictive value of 500[mu ]g/L. Changes in D-dimer values over time and within subjects were assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, and the methods were correlated. Results:The mean LIA level at 2 weeks was 4.3mg/L and averaged 1.6mg/L at 8 weeks from injury (P=.012, ANOVA), and the ELISA dropped from 4748[mu ]g/L to 1695[mu ]g/L (P=.0022, ANOVA). Except for 1 ELISA value in 1 patient, D-dimer levels were elevated beyond 500[mu ]g/L at 2 weeks. There was a very good correlation between the LIA and the ELISA at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after TBI (P[lt ].0001). In individual cases, there were only occasional discrepancies between the LIA and ELISA methods. There were no positive DVTs at 2 weeks using ultrasound, so prediction of the sensitivity and the specificity of D-dimer with DVT was not possible. Conclusion:Using the currently recommended levels of D-dimer to predict DVT is not clinically useful in the acute TBI population. [copy ] 2003 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

This article discusses distance learning techniques used to operationalize the concept of “globalization from below” in a social work methods course. In the E-Mail Partnership Project, one of the major course assignments, students communicate by e-mail to share information and discuss social issues through professional “pen pal” relationships with students overseas. The author reviews the course design, describes the project and its benefits, discusses the technical and cross-cultural issues that emerged throughout, and presents evaluation results Evaluation results suggest that international e-mail communication is one way to infuse international content into the curriculum.

This article reports on qualitative interviews with 25 women who were former residents of an emergency shelter. The interviews used a personal narrative approach to place the onset of homelessness within the context of the women's lives. They revealed that the onset of homelessness was different for working and nonworking women and that the women gained new perspectives on their problems from living in a shelter. They viewed homelessness as part of the process of solving worse problems.

Homeless families are a rising proportion of the contemporary homeless population. However, no data have heretofore documented a profile of sheltered homeless families over time. Data collected in St. Louis from 1983 to 1988 indicate that homeless families are likely to be young, minimally educated, female-headed minority families with one or two preschool chil dren. The emergence of these women and children as the dominant population of homeless families is discussed in the context of the increasing loss of affordable housing in St. Louis, Missouri, and the inability of mothers who receive Aid to Families with Dependent Children to pay market-rate rents.

Adult newts,Notophthalmus viridescens, were given single injections of 0.04 I.U. of bovine ACTH or were immersed in 2% NaCl for 2 hours. In both the corticotrophin-treated and the osmotically-stressed newts, increases in neutrophils and decreases in lymphocytes were obvious and significant. Neither condition was observed in the controls (Tables 1 and 2). The changes seen in the peripheral blood of the experimentalNotophthalmns were very much like those reported earlier for animals of the same species which had received injections of the adrenal steroid, hydrocortisone. Using these lines of evidence, it is argued that neutrophilia and lymphopenia in amphibians could result from a stress ? anterior pituitary ? steroidogenic tissue-system of reactions which has been proved to effect similar changes in the blood of stressed mammals.

Human pulmonary endothelial cells were used to study the metabolism of angiotensin I and bradykinin by angiotensin I converting enzyme (kininase II; ACE). The endothelial cells cultured from pulmonary arteries and veins differed with respect to their enzyme activity and their surface structure, as viewed with scanning electron microscopy. Cells from adult pulmonary arteries had greater ACE activity than cells from either adult pulmonary veins or fetal pulmonary arteries. In addition, cells from adult pulmonary arteries exhibited more prominent surface projections than cells from veins or fetal pulmonary arteries. A brief exposure to trypsin decreased the ACE activity in cells from arteries but not in cells from veins. Possibly the differences in ACE activity between these cells are related to their surface structures.

The authors analyze 10 years of data on homelessness to determine the characteristics of homeless families most likely to find permanent housing after leaving a shelter environment. They studied 1,156 families from 1983 to 1992 to determine where these families go after leaving the shelter and whether the pattern changed over time. Logistic regression analysis found that the larger the family size and being African American were factors that predicted a decreased likelihood of finding permanent housing. Families with one child were 1.5 times more likely to find permanent housing than were families with three children, and whites were 1.9 times more likely to find permanent housing than were African Americans. Furthermore, homeless shelter residents were five times more likely to find permanent housing in 1983 than in 1992, regardless of demographic predictors. Practice and policy implications are discussed.

Homelessness is caused both by structural and personal factors. Thus, comprehensive services are required to meet the complex needs of homeless persons. This article reviews case management and group work practice with homeless persons and argues that effective social work practice must incorporate both intervention methods. Integrated Program Development (IPD), a program framework for shelter services, is presented. A pilot project at the Salvation Army Family Haven in St. Louis, Missouri illustrates the costs and benefits of empowerment-oriented group work with homeless persons. Three approaches for establishing group work for homeless people are suggested. Each approach requires that group workers, with community organizing skills, be employed by social service administrators.

A resurgence of community practice requires that the historical tension between professionalism and community organization be resolved. This paper proposes a scholar/advocate approach to forge a link between professionals and community organizations. The scholar/advocate approach facilitates social change, provides an opportunity for social work professionals to participate in community organizing, and empowers grassroots groups. The benefits and limitations of this method for professionals and community groups are illustrated by its application with three community organizations concerned about the urban poor and homeless. The paper argues that it is time for a resurgence of community-based social work and the development of new methods to attract students to this traditional, and still relevant, field.

Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP/CALLA/ CD10), an enzyme expressed on early lymphoid progenitors, neutrophils, and various other cell types, inactivates many biologically active peptides, including the bacterial chemo‐ tactic peptide M‐formylmethionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP). Inhibition of CD10/NEP on the surface of human neutrophils (PMNs) in vitro inhibits migration toward this chemotaxin, suggesting that enzymatic inactivation by NEP regulates the neutrophil response to fMLP. Because PMNs in inflammatory sites are exposed to various cytokines, we evaluated the effects of selected cytokines on CD10/NEP activity in vitro. Of five cytokines tested—interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐6, and IL‐8, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, and granulocyte‐ macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) —GM‐ CSF provided the most consistent increase in surface NEP activity. Low concentrations (10−9‐10−7M) of GM‐ CSF increased NEP activity in a time‐ and concentration‐ dependent manner to more than 225% that of control (phosphate‐buffered saline‐treated) cells. Cytofluorome‐ try of cells stained with a fluorescent antibody to CD10 indicated that GM‐CSF increased expression of surface CD10/NEP antigen in a similar manner. The effect of GM‐CSF on NEP activity was enhanced still further by simultaneous exposure to IL‐1, suggesting that combinations of cytokines may direct and regulate the neutrophil response within an inflammatory site. Rapid up‐ regulation of CD10/NEP underscores the importance of this enzyme for control of peptide mediators of inflammation.

This article reports on the development of an innovative family policy practice course for direct practice students that emphasizes experiential learning to develop policy practice skills. The course uses a policy practice framework to understand the creation and implementation of major family legislation. A semester-long project provides students with opportunities to develop skills in advocacy, policy development, and planning by working for social change in the community. The article discusses examples of projects that have been implemented by students, discusses challenges to teaching experiential methods for skill building, and provides critical evaluation of the projects and their relevance for macro practice research.

The effect of a variety of synthetic peptides on rat mast cells was investigated. Peptides with two or more basic groups were active histamine releasers, while eledoisin, angiotensin I and II, glucagon, and fibrinOpeptide A had slight or no activity. The activity of bradykinin analogues increased with the chain length. Des-arginine derivatives of bradykinin did not release histamine. The most potent histamine liberators were substance P and Polisteskinin; the activity of the latter one approached that of 48/80. Because histamine could be released by the kinin peptides without disruption of the mast cell membrane, these agents like 48/80, probably stimulate exocytosis of mast cell granules.

Adult newts,Notophthalmus viridescens, were injected with suspensions of hydrocortisone acetate (experimentais) or with distilled water (controls). Forty-eight and 72 hours after treatment, blood smears were prepared, and differential counts of leucocytes were made for the experimental and control animals. At 48 hours, the distributions of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes were much the same in the two groups of newts (Table 1). However, by 72 hours after injection, increases in neutrophils and decreases in lymphocytes were obvious in the animals which had received hydrocortisone. Such changes were not seen in the controls (Table 2). The changes in the distribution of the white cells seen 72 hours after treatment are very similar to those known to occur in mammals treated with adrenal steroids and to those described earlier in two species of frogs injected with hydrocortisone. Details of some differences in the responses of the amphibians are discussed.

The coincidence of the blastopore with the anus in the Newt has already been observed by Mr. Sedgwick.1 His assertion was, he says, based only upon surface views. He therefore suggested to me that I should attempt to verify it by cutting sections of the embryos, and my results confirm what he has stated.2

The effect of radiant energy upon the metabolism of small doses of Fe in the nutritional anemia of the rat seems to have been little studied. Foster1produced anemia in rats by milk feeding and observed the effect of radiant energy in preventing and curing this type of anemia. There was a slight but definite effect in increasing the hemoglobin and the number, size and saturation of the red cells.We have made the following studies upon the effect of radiant energy upon both the prevention and cure of nutritional anemia in the rat.Preventive Studies.Young rats at weaning were fed upon whole milk. Daily doses of pure Fe from 0.05 to 0.30 mg. were given, with and without 3/4 hour ultraviolet irradiation of the rat daily, with the General Electric Sunlight Mazda Lamp, Type S-I, at a distance of 4 feet. This lamp has recently been described by Carter.2Weekly estimations of hemoglobin and red cell counts were made by the technique described by Beard and Myers.8With milk alone, milk plus irradiation, irradiated milk, and milk plus 0.05 mg. Fe daily the anemia became progressively worse. There was a striking effect of irradiation on red cell recovery with both 0.05 and 0.10 mg. Fe daily, namely, a drop of 41 and 0.6% on these doses of iron may be compared to an increaseof 33 and 50% when 3/4 hour irradiation was given. The anemia was prevented by daily doses of Fe from 0.15 to 0.30 mg. These doses with irradiation were also much more effective in preventing the anemia than were these doses of Fe alone, with the exception of the 0.25 mg. dose. Irradiated milk with 0.30 mg. Fe daily gave a much more striking increase in both cells and hemoglobin than any other type of therapy used in this study. These results are given in Table I.A polycythemia occurred in 4 animals on doses of Fe alone and in 12 animals on Fe and irradiation.

Several dense media were compared for suitability for isolation of rat peritoneal mast cells. Mast cells isolated in 35% Ficoll (a synthetic polysaccharide) or in 37% bovine serum albumin solutions did not lose histamine during the isolation procedure or during a short period of incubation in an isosmotic medium. They responded normally to the histamine releasing action of compound 48/80 or antigen. In contrast, cells isolated in three types of sucrose media lost much of their histamine during isolation and during subsequent incubation in an isotonic medium. Histamine release induced by compound 48/80 or antigen was less than in mixed peritoneal cell suspensions. It is concluded that concentrated sucrose solutions damage mast cells, probably as a result of the hypertonicity of the media.

The article discusses the religious, moral and ethical aspects of service giving. Topics mentioned include volunteerism in contemporary society, the moral theory and perspective of ethic of duty according to philosopher Immanuel Kant, and the association of Christian values in ethical service giving.

We studied a 19-year-old man with vitamin E deficiency without intestinal fat malabsorption. In addition to recognized neurologic complications of vitamin E deficiency, he had dystonic posturing and bradykinesia.

Presents the poem 'The Yarn Spinner.'