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Novel vivid green inorganic pigments BiCa2VO6(0 ≤ x≤ 0.2) were synthesized through a conventional solid-state reaction method. The properties of pigments were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), UV–visible absorbance spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The BiCa2(V1-xMnx)O6(0 ≤ x≤ 0.2) pigments prepared in this study exhibited orthorhombic structure with space group Ccm21as main phase. The Mn5+doped BiCa2VO6pigments showed strong optical absorption in the yellow–red light regions due to the Mn5+d–d transitions, which is the origin of the green color. Among these pigments, the BiCa2V0.97Mn0.03O6showed the most vivid green color and the L*, a*, and b* values are 58.79, − 23.88, and 12.18, respectively.

In this work, the WAD Characteristics were improved by forming a concave‐convex scattering structure on the organic planarization layer of large size AMOLED backplane TFT. By using a slit mask of the scanner as a VIA mask on the photosensitive poly‐imide organic planarization film, a semi‐transmissive area and a contact hole were made simultaneously without adding a separate photo process to form a concave‐convex scattering structure. On top of that, ITO/Ag/ITO anode pixel, EL and cathode layers were sequentially formed to improve WAD Characteristics of the top emitting AMOLED panel. Confirming the effect of WAD improvement and reduction of frontal luminance when forming a concave‐convex structure from the existing EL Spectrum through simulation, angle of concave‐convex structure is 10~15° to satisfy the conditions of 30% improvement in WAD, 5% drop in frontal luminance, 40‐50% of Concave‐convex structure area ratio in the planarization film was derived. As a result of fabricating a large size AMOLED top emitting panel, when Concave‐convex scattering angle of 5 ~ 12° is formed, WAD 10~24% improvement and frontal luminance drop within 5% can be seen. it was possible to confirm uniformly improved WAD value within Δu'v' 0.014 ~ 0.018 at the center/edge 9 Points compared to the normal panel.

Phosphor in glass (PiG) has been extensively investigated as color convertor for a white high-power solid lighting system due to their excellent thermal and chemical stabilities and ease of formability. Recently, as the demand on high power LED is increased, color converters are required to improve luminous efficacy. In our previous studies, we have been studied to obtain the PiG materials with high optical efficacy by modifying the chemical composition of glass frits as well as the particle size of the phosphor or glass frits and content of the phosphor in glass. In this study, we modified the chemical composition of glass frits by doping with transition metals such as Ni, Nb, Cu, Ti and Mn to improve the luminous efficacy of the YAG:Ce PiG. The KFP-Nb sample exhibits a higher, the luminous efficacy of the YAG:Ce PiG was successfully enhanced by Nb doping into the glass frits and the luminous efficacy of the PiG sample is estimated to be 86 lm/Wrad.

We demonstrate the crystal phase-selective synthesis for lead-free cesium manganese bromine perovskite nanocrystals synthesized by the modified hot-injection method due to changing the concentration of solvent (trioctylphosphine; TOP). The compositions synthesized were determined by the amount of TOP solvent, and the structure phase of the nanocrystals was selected from hexagonal CsMnBr_3 to tetragonal Cs_3MnBr_5 as the amount of TOP solvent increased. The emission peaks of CsMnBr_3 and Cs_3MnBr_5 nanocrystals were observed at 650?nm (red) and 520?nm (green), respectively. After a durability test at 85°C and 85% humidity for 24?h, the lead-free perovskite CsMnBr_3 nanocrystal powder maintained its initial emission intensity, and the metal halide Cs_3MnBr_5 nanocrystal powder exhibited an increase in red emission due to the post-synthesis of CsMnBr_3 nanocrystals.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors related to a technical failure after laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for subcapsular hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Materials and methods: A total of 110 patients with 114 HCCs who underwent laparoscopic RFA for HCCs (new HCC [n= 85] and local tumor progression [LTP] [n= 29]) between January 2013 and December 2018 were included. We evaluated the incidence of technical failure on immediate post-RFA CT images. Risk factors for a technical failure after laparoscopic RFA were assessed using univariable logistic regression analyses. The cumulative LTP rate was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: Technical failure was noted in 3.5% (4/114) of the tumors. All four tumors that showed a technical failure were cases of LTP from previous treatment and were invisible on laparoscopy. On univariate analysis, LTP lesion, invisibility of the index tumor on laparoscopy, and peri-hepatic vein location of the tumor were identified as risk factors for a technical failure. The cumulative LTP rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were estimated to be 2.8%, 4.8%, and 4.8%, respectively. Conclusions: LTP lesion, invisibility of the index tumor on laparoscopy, and peri-hepatic vein location of the tumor were identified as the risk factors for a technical failure after laparoscopic RFA.

A panel of experts reached consensus on recommendations on when to assess oncologic outcomes per patient, per session, and per tumor; definitions of starting and ending times; definitions of survival time; and time-to-event end points.

AimsOpen discectomy (OD) is the standard operation for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD), however, has shown similar outcomes to OD and there is increasing interest in this procedure. However despite improved surgical techniques and instrumentation, reoperation and infection rates continue and are reported to be between 6% and 24% and 0.7% and 16%, respectively. The objective of this study was to compare the rate of reoperation and infection within six months of patients being treated for LDH either by OD or PELD.MethodsIn this retrospective, nationwide cohort study, the Korean National Health Insurance database from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2018 was reviewed. Data were extracted for patients who underwent OD or PELD for LDH without a history of having undergone either procedure during the preceding year. Individual patients were followed for six months through their encrypted unique resident registration number. The primary endpoints were rates of reoperation and infection during the follow-up period. Other risk factors for reoperation and infection were also evalulated.ResultsOut of 549,531 patients, 522,640 had undergone OD (95.11%) and 26,891 patients had undergone PELD (4.89%). Reoperation rates within six months were 2.28% in the OD group, and 5.38% in the PELD group. Infection rates were 1.18% in OD group and 0.83% in PELD group. The risk of reoperation was lower for patients with OD than for patients with PELD (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.38). The risk of infection was higher for patients with OD than for patients undergoing PELD (HR, 1.325).ConclusionCompared with the OD group, the PELD group showed higher reoperation rates and lower infection rates.Cite this article: Bone Joint J2021;103-B(8):1392–1399.

Bi_2MoO_6:Eu^3+ phosphors were synthesized by a solid state reaction, and H_2S gas sensing performance was investigated. The Bi_2MoO_6:Eu^3+ phosphors showed an excellent red emission due to f-f transition of Eu^3+. Owing to the exposure to H_2S gas, the emission intensity of the phosphors dramatically decreased to 40% of the initial value. The body color of the phosphor changed from yellow-white to dark brown. The response of the Bi_2MoO_6:Eu^3+ phosphors for H_2S gas was started from 10 ppm, and the emission intensity exponentially decreased with increasing the concentration until 500 ppm.

Super-resolution US provided a similar rate of detection of the spoke wheel sign and a similar accuracy of size measurement compared with contrast material–enhanced US in patients with focal nodular hyperplasia.

Hypointense nodules without arterial hyperenhancement at gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI correspond to hepatocellular carcinoma or premalignant hepatocellular nodules.

Compared with addition of non–gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI, addition of gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI to CT for the initial staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in patients with localized HCC.

The concept of digital twins, initially developed in manufacturing, has found applications in various industries. However, its adoption in the construction field is still nascent, with a limited understanding of its benefits and implications. Existing examples of digital twin implementation in construction mainly provide general frameworks or possibilities for performance. To effectively harness the potential of digital twins in construction, establishing connectivity and predictability for data exchange between the physical and virtual realms is crucial. This research defines the essential requirements for real-time connectivity and predictability in digital twin implementation and proposes a framework and architecture based on these principles. The proposed method is evaluated through the implementation of a digital twin for monitoring the environmental performance of existing buildings, revealing its effectiveness and challenges. This study serves as a valuable exemplar for the development of a digital twin platform dedicated to construction monitoring.

Supplemental digital content is available in the text.

Diffuse arterial hyperenhancement of intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma at MRI is associated with better prognosis than is diffuse hypoenhancement or peripheral rim enhancement.

Percutaneous US/MRI fusion–guided radiofrequency ablation was feasible in approximately two-thirds of subcentimeter recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas and was an effective and safe treatment modality in those selected patients.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of early hypovascular hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) is both safe and effective and can provide a significantly lower cumulative incidence of local tumor progression compared with that in hypervascular HCCs treated with RFA only, although overall survival may not be significantly different.

Although tumefactive sludge at abdominal US is rare in clinical practice, a considerable proportion of patients may have a malignancy.

The degree of diffusion restriction on diffusion-weighted images may be a prognostic marker in the preoperative evaluation of patients with mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

The differences in local tumor progression (LTP), overall survival (OS), and major complication rates of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0 or A) as a first-line treatment were not significant between subcapsular and nonsubcapsular groups; additionally, subcapsular tumor location did not have an adverse effect on LTP and OS, independently.

Image-guided tumor ablation for early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an accepted non-surgical treatment that provides excellent local tumor control and favorable survival benefit. This review summarizes the recent advances in tumor ablation for HCC. Diagnostic imaging and molecular biology of HCC has recently undergone marked improvements. Second-generation ultrasonography (US) contrast agents, new computed tomography (CT) techniques, and liver-specific contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have enabled the early detection of smaller and inconspicuous HCC lesions. Various imaging-guidance tools that incorporate imaging-fusion between real-time US and CT/MRI, that are now common for percutaneous tumor ablation, have increased operator confidence in the accurate targeting of technically difficult tumors. In addition to radiofrequency ablation (RFA), various therapeutic modalities including microwave ablation, irreversible electroporation, and high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation have attracted attention as alternative energy sources for effective locoregional treatment of HCC. In addition, combined treatment with RFA and chemoembolization or molecular agents may be able to overcome the limitation of advanced or large tumors. Finally, understanding of the biological mechanisms and advances in therapy associated with tumor ablation will be important for successful tumor control. All these advances in tumor ablation for HCC will result in significant improvement in the prognosis of HCC patients. In this review, we primarily focus on recent advances in molecular tumor biology, diagnosis, imaging-guidance tools, and therapeutic modalities, and refer to the current status and future perspectives for tumor ablation for HCC.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of olfactory dysfunction on quality of life (QOL) and psychological status in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted from January 2011 to May 2012 with 130 patients with septal deviation (SD) (n = 59) and CRSwNP (n = 71). All patients underwent computed tomography (CT), allergy tests, and sniffin’ stick olfactory test. Anosmia was defined by Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) scores less than 16. QOL and psychological symptoms were assessed with the Sinonasal Outcome Test-20 (SNOT-20) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R).Results: Odor discrimination and identification scores were significantly lower in CRSwNP than in SD (P= .008 and P= .005, respectively). In CRSwNP, identification score decreased with higher CT score (r= −0.29, P= .014). CRSwNP with anosmia showed a decreased QOL (P= .044), and SNOT-20 negatively correlated with TDI in severe CRSwNP (CT score ≥15, r= −0.714, P= .001). Anosmia patients had higher anxiety and phobia scores of SCL-90-R in both SD and CRSwNP. However, depression score increased only in CRSwNP with anosmia (P= .025).Conclusion: Olfactory dysfunction may have significant effects on QOL and psychological health. CRSwNP with anosmia is a distinct phenotype having mixed type of olfactory loss that might have a detrimental effect on depression.

Periportal location of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and younger age were found to be significant risk factors for aggressive intrasegmental recurrence of HCC after radiofrequency ablation.

In a comparison of radiofrequency ablation and nonanatomic resection as first-line treatments in patients with a single Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0 or A (≤ 3 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma, there were no significant differences in long-term therapeutic outcomes, including local tumor progression, intrahepatic distant recurrence, disease-free survival, and overall survival.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a promising tool for the therapy of immune disorders. However, their efficacy and mechanisms in treating allergic skin disorders are less verified. We sought to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of human umbilical cord blood‐derived MSCs (hUCB‐MSCs) against murine atopic dermatitis (AD) and to explore distinct mechanisms that regulate their efficacy. AD was induced in mice by the topical application of Dermatophagoides farinae. Naïve or activated‐hUCB‐MSCs were administered to mice, and clinical severity was determined. The subcutaneous administration of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)‐activated hUCB‐MSCs exhibited prominent protective effects against AD, and suppressed the infiltration and degranulation of mast cells (MCs). A β‐hexosaminidase assay was performed to evaluate the effect of hUCB‐MSCs on MC degranulation. NOD2‐activated MSCs reduced the MC degranulation via NOD2‐cyclooxygenase‐2 signaling. In contrast to bone marrow‐derived MSCs, hUCB‐MSCs exerted a cell‐to‐cell contact‐independent suppressive effect on MC degranulation through the higher production of prostaglandin E2(PGE2). Additionally, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 production from hUCB‐MSCs in response to interleukin‐4 contributed to the attenuation of MC degranulation by downregulating FcεRI expression in MCs. In conclusion, the subcutaneous application of NOD2‐activated hUCB‐MSCs can efficiently ameliorate AD, and MSC‐derived PGE2and TGF‐β1 are required for the inhibition of MC degranulation. StemCells2015;33:1254–1266

The objective of this study was to compare the targeting and ablation performance between a newly developed radiofrequency (RF) electrode embedded with an electromagnetic position sensor (EMPS) at the electrode tip and a conventional RF electrode.

O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) has emerged as a critical regulator of diverse cellular processes, but its role in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and pluripotency has not been investigated. Here we show that O-GlcNAcylation directly regulates core components of the pluripotency network. Blocking O-GlcNAcylation disrupts ESC self-renewal and reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. The core reprogramming factors Oct4 and Sox2 are O-GlcNAcylated in ESCs, but the O-GlcNAc modification is rapidly removed upon differentiation. O-GlcNAc modification of threonine 228 in Oct4 regulates Oct4 transcriptional activity and is important for inducing many pluripotency-related genes, including Klf2, Klf5, Nr5a2, Tbx3, and Tcl1. A T228A point mutation that eliminates this O-GlcNAc modification reduces the capacity of Oct4 to maintain ESC self-renewal and reprogram somatic cells. Overall, our study makes a direct connection between O-GlcNAcylation of key regulatory transcription factors and the activity of the pluripotency network.

In order to investigate the influence of the traps which exist in the multi-quantum-well (MQW) of GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs), we analyzed the output current fluctuation known as random telegraph noise (RTN) at reverse-biased region. We could find the two-level current fluctuations at two samples (S1, S2) and the low-level average time (τlow) is larger than the high-level average time (τhigh) at both samples, which means that the energy level of the trap is located below the mid-gap of used material. With increasing a reverse bias voltage, in case of S1, τhigh becomes higher and τlow becomes lower as the energy level of the trap becomes relatively higher in reference to quasi Fermi level, EFn. On the contrary, the τhigh becomes lower and the τlow becomes higher at S2 as the energy level of the trap becomes relatively lower in reference to quasi Fermi level, EFp.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome from the R. uyekii with a total size of 16,817 bp has been determined by long PCR technology. Mitogenome of R. uyekii encoding 13 putative proteins, two ribosomal RNAs and 22 tRNAs shows typical teleost mitogenome structure. Nucleotide composition, amino acid composition and codon usage are in the range of values estimated from other teleost mitogenomes. In the AT rich region of R. uyekii, several conserved blocks which are identified from vertebrates are observed in the genome. R. uyekii, the Korean endemic species, belongs to cyprinid fish from which the information of nine mitogenomes is available. To understand the phylogenetic relationships of Cypriniformes from the known mitogenome information, we analysed Cypriniformes mitogenome based on protein coding gene sequences. In spite of more resolved picture of phylogenetic interrelationships in cyprinid fish in this study, the further study with comprehensive taxon sampling for mitogenome information is strongly needed.

This paper evaluates the performance of ventilation for the removal of indoor pollutants as a function of ventilation rate and the number of occupants in a test room and school classroom. An experimental apparatus consists of a test room, a tracer gas supply system, a gas detector, and a fan for ventilation air supply with a controller. The ventilation performance is evaluated in a step-down method based on ASTM Standard E741-83 using CO2gas as a tracer gas in the test room of 35 m3. For the ventilation air flow rate of 1.0 ACH, a recommended ventilation flow rate of Korea school standard for acceptable indoor air quality in the case of one person, CO2gas concentration decreases up to 55% within 50 minutes without occupancy and increases up to 75% in the case of one occupant. Also indoor air quality at the school classroom is investigated experimentally.

This study demonstrates the measurement and analysis of interfacial reactions of metal ions with organic ligands using the time-resolved SPR instrument. For the substrate, an HDT (1,6-hexanedithiol) ligand was immobilized on a gold thin film using the SAM method. The 50-nm-thick gold thin film was fabricated by thermal evaporation. The target metal ions were Pt ions in an aqueous solution. The adsorption kinetics of metal ions to HDT ligands was obtained.

This paper presents an open architecture distributed control system using VMEbus based single board processors and PLCs (Programmable Logic Controller) as load-sharing partner. Taking advantage of their own features, we can design more robust and flexible system than those built with VME processors or with PLCs only. Based on this design architecture, the design guidelines about system bus, networking, MMI (Man-Machine Interface), DDC I/O, etc. are proposed to support high speed control and network-throughput required for real applications of POSCO such as strip-casting and thick-plate storage yard automation. These systems are now implemented and show good performance.

The proton-beam-induced reaction of spirophenanthrooxazine (SPO) is investigated as a function of fluence by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, color measurement, and GC/MS. The reaction is a decomposition reaction of SPO with a rate constant of 0.275 min−1and proceeds in a different way from its photochromic reaction.

Low-temperature UV–vis spectra of spironaphtooxazine (SNO) in a glass forming organic mixture clearly evidenced the J-aggregate formation. J-Aggregate becomes unstable above 100 K and its quantum efficiency for the visible photoreaction was lower than that of monomeric open form B. In a dilute solution, the intensity of the J-band was maximized at 150 K while it decreases with temperature in a concentrated solution.

Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) have historically been ignored in cancer biology. However, thousands of lincRNAs have been identified in mammals using recently developed genomic tools, including microarray and high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Several of the lincRNAs identified have been well characterized for their functions in carcinogenesis. Here we performed RNA-seq experiments comparing gastric cancer with normal tissues to find differentially expressed transcripts in intergenic regions. By analyzing our own RNA-seq and public microarray data, we identified 31 transcripts, including a known expressed sequence tag, BM742401. BM742401 was downregulated in cancer, and its downregulation was associated with poor survival in gastric cancer patients. Ectopic overexpression of BM742401 inhibited metastasis-related phenotypes and decreased the concentration of extracellular MMP9. These results suggest that BM742401 is a potential lincRNA marker and therapeutic target.