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This paper uses the alignment framework to analyze the alignment between institutions and technology within the Cameroonian electricity sector. Since 1998, the Cameroonian electricity sector has been experiencing major institutional changes including the privatization of the historical operator and the liberalization of electricity generation. The total installed capacity today is very low with about 1'400 MW for 21 million people. The access rate remains around 30%. The Government's vision of Cameroon as an emerging country by 2035 requires significant development in the electricity sector to support the economic growth.