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Abstract.The relationships among the thirteen South American species of Aelurusare discussed, and nine new species are described. New synonymy is given for gayi(Spinola), clypeatusKlug and nigrofasciatus(Smith).

Lectotypes are designated for 198 species of thynnine tiphiids from Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands and South America. Type information is given for each of these species, including original publication and locality data, type repositories, and current generic placement. Three new generic combinations are given for Merithynnus bogotana(Turner), Zeena jheringi(Turner), and Spilothynnus serena(Duran).

The relationships, status and composition of the genera A riphronand Tachynomiaare re‐examined. Two new genera, Tachynoidesand Takyomyia, are described to include species previously placed in Tachynomiaand Ariphron. Ariphronis the sister group of the other three, and of the remaining three genera the relationships are: Tachynoides + (Tachynomia + Takyomyia).New synonymies include: Ariphron rigidulusTurner under A. bicolorErichson; Ariphron fervidusErichson under Agriomyia abdominalisGuerin; Aelurus pilosulus(Smith) under Thynnus adusta(Smith); and Thynnus schroederiDalla Torre, Thynnus punctataSmith and Thynnus schoberiDalla Torre under Tachynomia dentafa(Smith). Ariphron bicotor propodealisRohwer is elevated to species status, as Ariphron propodealis.