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There are unique considerations for the management, repair, and reconstruction of pediatric facial soft tissue injuries. Conventional methods for the repair and reconstruction of facial soft tissue injuries can be successfully applied in children with considerations for anatomical and physiological differences and the growth potential of a child. Attention to correct form, framework, and aesthetics guides the proper reconstruction of individual regions on the face. Choice of approach ultimately depends on and the size, severity, location of injury, and surgeon’s preferences.

A new cosmic-ray experiment is under construction in the Pyhäsalmi mine, Finland. It aims to study the (mass) composition of cosmic rays at and above the knee region. The array, called EMMA (Experiment with MultiMuon Array), will cover approximately 130 m2 of detector area at a depth of 75 metres (~210 mwe). It is able to locate shower cores in an area of approximately 400 m2 with an accuracy better than 6 metres. The array detects underground muons and the muon multiplicity, their lateral distribution and the arrival direction of the air shower can be determined. First scientific measurements can be started during the spring 2009 with a partial-size array. The full-size array is expected to be ready by autumn 2010. The full-size array consist of two type of detectors: drift chambers and plastic scintillation detectors. Besides the composition study, it is also expected that the array contributes on the study of high-multiplicity muon bundles that were observed at the cosmic-ray experiments at the LEP detectors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]