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The presented study shows a new and innovative method to determine nasal asymmetries in a simple way in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) in order to plan corrective surgery.

In a light and electron microscopic study of the rat’s kidney after obstruction of the renal vein or after subtotal nephrectomy the tubular basement membrane changes occurring during the ensuing atrophy of the tubules have been examined. Characteristically, they consist of diffuse widening, focal thickening with vesicular and granular inclusions, circumscribed dissolution, or reduplication of this structure. These observations have led to the conclusion that the tubular basement membrane is formed by both interstitial and tubular cells, although the interstitial cells contribute the greater share to its formation, maintenance and renewal. The thickening of the basement membrane taking place in tubular atrophy must, however, be attributed entirely to the interstitial cells.

With the further purpose of studying the influence of diet and pharmaca on human bile, the composition of duodenal bile from 42 healthy young volunteers (group V, 7 men, 35 women) was compared with the composition of bladder bile from 27 peptic ulcer patients without diseases of the biliary tract and liver (group A, 17 men, 10 women), and with the composition of bladder bile from 26 patients having uncomplicated gallstone disease and functioning gall bladder (group B, 4 men, 22 women). Generally, the duodenal biles had lower concentrations of the components determined (dry matter, cholesterol, lipid-soluble phosphorus and bile acids) than had the bladder biles, especially those in group A. The mean value of the molar ratio between glycine-conjugation and taurine-conjugation was somewhat lower in group V than in groups A and B. The mean value of the ratio between total bile acids and lipid-soluble phosphorus was almost the same in groups V and A, and higher than in group B. Comparison of the individual values of the ratio between lipid-soluble phosphorus and cholesterol with yet unpublished studies of the solubility of cholesterol in aqueous solutions of lecithins and bile salts suggests that roughly half of the biles in all three groups would be supersaturated with respect to cholesterol if the solubility of cholesterol in bile depends only on the components determined in the present study. The fatty acid composition of bile lecithin was determined in 23 cases from group V, 16 cases from group A and 13 cases from group B. The distribution of the fatty acids was almost the same in groups A and B as in 17 cases in group V, in which less than 10% lysolecithin was formed during collection of the bile samples. Mit dem weiteren Zweck, den Einfluß von Ernährung und Pharmaca auf die Zusammensetzung der menschlichen Galle zu untersuchen, wurde die Zusammensetzung der Duodenalgalle von 42 jungen gesunden Versuchspersonen (Gruppe V, 7 Männer, 35 Frauen) mit der Zusammensetzung der Blasengalle von 27 Ulcus pepticum-Patienten ohne Krankheiten der Leber und des Gallensystems (Gruppe A, 17 Männer, 10 Frauen) und mit der Zusammensetzung der Blasengalle von 26 Cholelithiasis-Patienten mit fungierender Gallenblase und ohne sonstige Komplikationen, verglichen. Die Konzentrationen der untersuchten Bestandteile (Trockensubstanz, Cholesterin, lipid-löslicher Phosphor und Gallensäuren) waren niedriger in den Duodenalgallen als in den Blasengallen: Die höchsten Konzentrationen kamen in Gruppe A vor. Der Mittelwert des molären Verhältnisses zwischen Glycin-Konjugation und Taurin-Konjugation war etwas niedriger in Gruppe V als in den Gruppen A und B. Der Mittelwert des molären Verhältnisses zwischen Gesamtgallensäuren und lipid-löslichem Phosphor war beinahe derselbe in den Gruppen V und A und höher als in Gruppe B. Vergleich der individuellen Werte des Verhältnisses zwischen lipid-löslichem Phosphor und Cholesterin mit noch nicht veröffentlichten Untersuchungen über die Löslichkeit von Cholesterin in wässerigen Lösungen von Lecithin und Gallensalzen deutet darauf, daß ungefähr die Hälfte der Gallen in allen drei Gruppen in Bezug auf Cholesterin übersättigt sind, falls die Löslichkeit des Cholesterins in der Galle nur durch die von uns untersuchten Bestandteile bedingt ist. Das Fettsäuremuster des Gallenlecithins wurde in 23 Fällen von Gruppe V, 16 Fällen von Gruppe A und 13 Fällen von Gruppe B bestimmt. Die Verteilung der Fettsäuren war beinahe dieselbe in den Gruppen A und B wie in 17 Fällen von Gruppe V, bei welchen weniger als 10% Lysolecithin während der Aspiration der Duodenalgalle gebildet wurde.

Ten young volunteer subjects were given diets in which the main fat component was either butter fat or the fat of a dietetic margarine containing close to 40 per cent of linoleic acid.All the subjects received the butter diet through a period of 3 weeks. Immediately thereafter, eight of the subjects received the margarine diet for one or two consecutive periods of 3 weeks (± 1 day), whereas two of the subjects continued on the butter diet for two additional periods of 3 weeks each.Before the experiment and after each dietary period, duodenal bile was collected (after cholecystokinin injection) and analyzed with respect to dry matter, pH, cholesterol, lipid-soluble phosphorus, bile acids, the individual phospholipids and the fatty acid pattern of bile lecithin.The bile produced under the influence of the butter diet consistently contained close to twenty or twenty odd per cent of linoleic acid in the total fatty acids of the lecithin, whereas the corresponding figure for the bile produced under the influence of the margarine diet was thirty or thirty odd per cent.The ratios between total bile acids and cholesterol and between lipid-soluble phosphorus and cholesterol did not show any definite change in a direction favoring the solubility of cholesterol by substituting margarine for butter.

Kofler's quinone with a side chain of 45 carbon atoms, ubiquinone with a side chain of 50 carbon atoms, and a synthetic analogue of Kofler's quinone, 2,3-dimethyl-5-phytyl-benzoquinone, were assayed for vitamin K activity by the curative blood clotting method in vitamin K deficient chicks. The role of these substances as sources of error in that method was found to be negligible. Koflerspflanzliches Chinon mit Seitenkette von 45 Kohlenstoffatomen, Ubichinon mit Seitenkette von 50 Kohlenstoffatomen, sowie ein synthetisches Analoges vonKoflersChinon: 2,3-dimethyl-5-phytyl-benzochinon wurden mittels der kurativen Blutgerinnungsmethode in Vitamin K-defizienten Küken auf Vitamin K-Wirkung untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daß diese Verbindungen als Fehlerquellen bei der Bestimmung von Vitamin K nach dieser Methode keine Rolle spielen können.