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Polygoni Multiflori Radix (He Shou Wu) is a Chinese medicine widely used in clinical treatment and preventive healthcare. However, recently there have been frequent reports of liver injury caused by Polygoni Multiflori Radix and its related preparations, and some patients have serious adverse outcomes, attracting wide attention worldwide. The risk of liver damage caused by preparations containing Polygoni Multiflori Radix or Polygoni Multiflori Caulis has been repeatedly reported by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration. Fortunately, substantial progress has recently been made in revealing the basic properties, main causes, material basis, and molecular mechanism of Polygoni Multiflori Radix-related liver injury. The basic characteristics and biomarkers of susceptible people have been identified, indicating that Polygoni Multiflori Radix has the risk of inducing liver injury only in a few specific populations and is safe for most populations. This study provides a scientific basis for a correct and objective understanding of liver injury caused by Polygoni Multiflori Radix, and a reasonable formulation of safe medication measures for Polygoni Multiflori Radix and related preparations. The China Association of Chinese Medicine organized experts in relevant fields across the country to draft and formulate the “Guidelines for Safe Use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix” with the aim of helping the public and relevant institutions at home and abroad to scientifically understand, evaluate, and avoid the risk of liver injury; guide the rational use; protect the health rights and interests of consumers; and promote the healthy and sustainable development of Polygoni Multiflori Radix and related preparations. These guidelines were issued by the China Association of Chinese Medicine (No. T/CACM 1328-2019).

Photoexcitation electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes provide an effective approach to produce radicals under mild conditions, while the catalytic version of EDA complex photoactivation remains scarce. Herein, we report a visible-light-induced organophotocatalytic pathway for the cyanoalkylation of azauracils using inexpensive and readily available 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as a catalytic electron donor. This synthetic method exhibits exceptional compatibility with various functional groups and presents 34 examples in high yields. The efficient cyanoalkylation offers an environmentally friendly and sustainable route toward enhancing the structural and functional diversity of azauracils.

The Lahu people are a culture-sharing group residing in the mountains of southwest China. Their musical expressions are unique and represent many cultural injluences, including Western tonal harmony. In this article, the authors reflect upon their experience with a family of Lahu culture bearers and suggest Odr Schubverk teaching strategies 1.0 engage students in learning about the music and cultitre through a Lahu children's song, The Butterfly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new and efficient visible-light-promoted dehydrogenative cross-coupling reaction of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with α-amino carbonyl compounds toward imidoyl imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines is developed. A diverse range of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines undergoes the dehydrogenative imidoylation smoothly with α-amino carbonyl compounds to access the corresponding products in satisfactory yields. We have also proposed the possible reaction mechanism based on preliminary mechanistic studies. The synthetic method has the advantages of wide substrate scope, good functional tolerance, and mild reaction conditions, which make this transformation more practical and sustainable.

A transition‐metal‐free approach to benzyl sulfones by using sodium sulfinates and benzyl ammonium salts is described. The protocol provides a simple and direct method to realize the C−N bond cleavage in the presence of readily available Cs2CO3. During the reaction process, a range of functional groups with respect to both sodium sulfinates and benzylic ammonium salts were well compatible, leading to various benzyl sulfones in moderate to good yields. A challenging transition‐metal‐freesynthesis of various functional sulfones using sodium sulfinates and benzylic ammonium salts in the presence of Cs2CO3has been achieved. Through C−N cleavage, a range of sodium sulfinates were successfully coupled with benzylic ammonium salts, which are readily prepared from commercially available benzylamines, affording structurally aryl benzyl sulfones in moderate to excellent yields.

This article presents the author's experiences in facilitating cultural excursions for high school music students. The study of Chinese traditional music was designed as part of the school's International Baccalaureate (IB) program, the most widely implemented of international curricula. Teacher and student perspectives of cultural experiences are explored and provide food for thought about international music field learning and what such encounters could mean to all involved. The article also calls into question traditional music teacher preparation and indicates that international field work can illuminate global teacher-training perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A single-step gold(I)-catalyzed chemoselective protocol to access ortho-substituted diarylsulfones has been established. Acenaphthoimidazolylidene gold complexes are effective catalysts for the arylsulfonylation of boronic acids by potassium metabisulfite (K2S2O5) and diaryliodonium salts to access (poly-)ortho-substituted diarylsulfones even in gram scale. Unlike the transition metal-catalyzed two-component coupling systems, the sterically hindered aryl groups in diaryliodonium salts are preferentially transferred over less bulky ones to form synthetically difficult targets, including those of pharmaceutical importance.

A novel and efficient direct oxidative phosphonylation of α-amino ketones and α-amino acid derivatives with dialkyl phosphites by the catalysis of a cobalt salt under air is disclosed. A variety of α-amino ketones and α-amino acid derivatives underwent the reaction well with dialkyl phosphites to produce the desired α-aminophosphonates. This protocol not only provides an alternative synthetic route for the preparation of diverse α-aminophosphonates but also avoids the use of potentially explosive peroxide agents.

A ligand‐free Pd/Cu‐catalyzed aminosulfonylation of aryl iodides has been successfully developed. The protocol provides a straightforward approach to access a broad range of structurally intriguing sulfonamides in one pot, at low catalyst loading from the sulfur dioxide surrogate 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(sulfur oxide) (DABSO) and O‐benzoyl hydroxylamines under mild conditions. Even without additional ligands, the protocol reveals broad substrate scope for both partners and tolerates all kinds of functional groups. Furthermore, the proposed sulfinate intermediate could be critical for this ligand‐free catalytic transformation. Ligand‐free, it works! Herein, a ligand‐free one‐pot bimetallic catalytic system has been successfully developed to afford various functional sulfonamides combining a palladium‐catalyzed sulfination of aryl iodides and a copper‐catalyzed electrophilic amination.

Solasodine, a steroidal alkaloid isolated from solanaceous species, exhibits anticancer activities on several cell lines. This study aimed to explore the antitumor potential of solasodine on ovarian cancer cells. The MTT assay, lactate dehydrogenase release assay, Hoechst 33342 staining, 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1 ',3,3'-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine staining assay, and Annexin V/PI assay were conducted to investigate the antiproliferation and apoptosis-inducing effects of solasodine. Monodansylcadaverine staining was performed to label the acidic puncta on ovarian cancer HEY cells. A wound healing assay and Trans-well assay were carried out to determine whether solasodine elicits an antimetastatic effect on HEY cells. A gelatin zymography assay was applied to detect the enzymatic activities of matrix metalloproteinases. Western blot was employed to examine relevant protein expression. Results revealed that solasodine inhibited cell viabilities in a time- and dose-dependent manner, triggered apoptotic body formation, reduced cell mitochondrial membrane potential, and interfered with autolysosome degradation in ovarian cancer cells. Solasodine also suppressed the migration and invasion of HEY cells by downregulating matrix metalloproteinase expression and activities. This study could be used as a basis for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of the antiproliferation, apoptosis-inducing, autophagy-modifying, and antimetastatic activities of solasodine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α-Chymotrypsin has a promiscuous ability to catalyze the cyclocondensation of aldehydes with 2-aminobenzamides to afford the corresponding 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones.

With the continuous increase in low altitude flight density, the issue of low altitude navigation safety has attracted widespread attention. Due to the complex low altitude environment, low altitude flight is more susceptible to ground obstacles and weather effects than commercial aviation. In order to ensure the flight safety of helicopters in low altitude airspace, this paper proposes an improved support vector machine based flight conflict detection model. By modeling the conflict network in low altitude flight areas and utilizing Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification features, the safety discrimination of low altitude flight was achieved, ultimately achieving the safety of aircraft in low altitude flight. This article adopts a protected area model that considers the shape of the aircraft as a conflict zone. In order to reduce the complexity of the conflict detection model, an improved ID3 decision tree algorithm and random forest are used to reduce the complexity of the classifier. The study solved the saturation problem of S-type functions in conflict detection models by using more sensitive functions for probability mapping. And use intelligent optimization algorithms to pre train key parameters, achieving efficient conflict detection suitable for low altitude flight.

An efficient and transition metal‐free C(sp3)−H sulfonylation method is described for the synthesis of 2‐sulfolmethyl quinolines from 2‐methylquinolines and the inexpensive sulfonyl hydrazides. Generally, this protocol uses KI as an additive in the presence of the oxidant tert‐butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB), an efficient and compatible benign method that delivers 2‐sulfolmethyl quinolines products in moderate to good yields. An efficient and transition‐metal‐freeC(sp3)−H sulfonylation method is described for the synthesis of 2‐sulfolmethyl quinolines from 2‐methylquinolines and the inexpensive sulfonyl hydrazides. Generally, this protocol uses KI as an additive in the presence of an oxidant, an efficient and compatible benign method that delivers 2‐sulfolmethyl quinolines products in moderate to good yields.

Abstract.Background:Concern has been expressed about the potentially contagious effect of television soap opera suicides and suicidal language in social media. Aims:Twitter content was analyzed during the week in which a fictional assisted suicide was broadcast on a British television soap opera, "Coronation Street." Method:Tweets were collected if they contained language indicating possible suicidal intent or used the word suicide. The modified Thompson tau method was used to test for any differences in the volume of tweets in both categories on the day of screening. Content analysis broke down the use of the word suicide into six thematic categories. Results:There was no evidence on the day of screening of an increase in tweets expressing possible suicidal intent but there was an increase in tweets containing the word suicide. Content analysis found the most common thematic category to be information or support, followed by the raising of moral issues in relation to suicide. Conclusion:It is possible that for certain high-profile media events Twitter may be used more as a civic reactive forum than as a medium for introspection or disclosure of distress.

Unreasonable land use pattern is the one main driving factor of nonpoint source pollution (NPSP). Based on effect of land use change (reclaiming wetland into cultivated land) on NPSP, this paper analyzed the contents of main forms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) as well as key climate parameters in Naoli River Basin in Sanjiang Plain through field monitoring, sampling and indoor test. N and P are major non-point source pollutants. The spatial–temporal variation law of non-point pollution factors under different land use patterns and durations was analyzed. The cumulative effect of long-term land use and cover changes on non-point source pollution was simulated quantitatively by ArcSWAT model. The indoor test reported that (1) paddy field has the higher soil N and P contents, followed by dry land, wetland and forest land, successively; (2) in the whole river basin, mid-downstream shows the highest N and P nutrients in water, followed by midstream, downstream, mid-upstream and upstream, successively. N and P distributions in soil are similar to those in water. According to the quantitative simulation of NPSP in the Naoli River Basin, NPSP mainly concentrates on the two sides of the main stream. Compared to forest land, paddy field and dry land contribute more to NPSP. Cultivated land occupies 58 % of the whole basin area, which contributes at least 89.6 and 91.7 % of TP and TN. All of these areas were reclaimed from wetland, indicating that area and spatial position changes of wetland are the main causes of intensifying NPSP in the Naoli River Basin. The cumulative effect analysis revealed that since TN and TP in per unit of cultivated land area increase continuously, land use changes exert cumulative effect on NPSP. In other words, reclamation of wetland will accelerate increase of TP and TN loads.

To explore the citation evolution of papers published in the same year but different month, we selected papers from a discipline (physical geography), a subject (diabetes: endocrine and metabolism) and a journal (Journal of Biological Chemistry) published in 2005 as research objects. These papers were divided into six groups according to the difference in publication month, and we analyzed citations to these papers for the 9 years after publication. The results showed that within 5 years after papers from physical geography were published, the overall differences in citations of papers in different groups were statistically significant (P< 0.05); after that, the differences were not statistically significant. Within 5 years after papers from diabetes (endocrine and metabolism) were published, the overall differences in citations of papers in different groups were statistically significant (P< 0.05); thereafter, the differences were not statistically significant. Within 7 years after papers from the Journal of Biological Chemistrywere published, the overall differences in citations of papers in different groups were statistically significant (P< 0.05); thereafter, the differences were not statistically significant. Citations of papers followed the same pattern irrespective of discipline, subject or journal: citations of papers published in the same year but different month were obviously different in the first few publishing years, but as time went on, only the difference in publication month in a calendar year did not affect the papers' longer-term citation.

To overcome the shortcomings of realizing chaotic system by analog circuits, digital chaotic signal generation circuits based on DSP are designed. Computer simulation of chaotic system is performed firstly, and the discrete equations are obtained using discretization algorithm. On this basis, the design of hardware circuits based on DSP is made, and the corresponding C programs are constructed. Through the debugging of software and hardware, digital design of chaotic system based on DSP is achieved, and chaotic attractor is observed through an oscilloscope by digital-to-analog conversion circuit. The experimental results coincide with the simulation, proving the correctness of the design. The chaotic signal generation circuits can provide rich digital chaotic signals sources for the application of chaotic systems in engineering.

Thirty-six ophthalmology journals indexed by the Science Citation Index (SCI) in 2003 were selected to study the role of the ‘papers cited rate’ in scientific journal evaluation. The 2-year, 3-year, 5-year, 8-year, and 10-year cited rates of these papers were calculated to analyze statistically the correlations with impact factor, 5-year impact factor, immediacy index, eigenfactor score, article influence score, and total cites. The results of questionnaires sent to 8,525 ophthalmologists were used to analyse the correlations between the papers cited rates for different years and traditional bibliometric indicators. The results showed that eigenfactor score and total cites were better than other indicators, and impact factor was better than the 5-year impact factor. The 2-year and 3-year cited rates of papers were reasonable for evaluating science journals, and the 2-year cited rate was better than the 3-year cited rate. The 5-year (and more than 5 years) cited rates were not significant in evaluating science journals.

Papain was first used as the catalyst for the synthesis of 5-benzylidene rhodanine derivative through the condensation reaction of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and rhodanine. The result showed that the yield could be up to 86% by optimizing the reaction conditions.

Transformers state comprehensive assessment to provide the basis for the repair and maintenance of power transformers .Based on the fault tree analysis (FTA) to find out the impact of the failure of the power transformer factors, and the establishment of the index system to assess the state of the power transformer, application 3 scale analytic hierarchy process assessment model for the establishment of the state of the transformer , and thus the transformer state is divided into five levels. Through the classification of the more conducive to the staff to understand the transformer condition, reasonable arrangements for the maintenance plan .Case analysis to prove, based on the comprehensive assessment of the fault tree and power transformer condition of the Analytic Hierarchy Process method is reasonable and effective.

A series of nanofiltration membranes with high flux at low operating pressure were prepared by dynamic self-assembly of poly (styrenesulfonic acid sodium salt) (PSS), poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSS-co-MA) and poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) on the modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) testified that the polyelectrolyte could successfully deposit on the surface of the modified polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membrane. The effects of substrates, assemble bilayer number and the capping PAH solution concentration, operating pressure and CuCl2 concentration on CuCl2 removal were investigated. The [PAH/PSS] 1 PAH/PSS-co-MA/PAHc NF membrane composed of only 2.5 bi-layers displayed 88.9% CuCl2 rejection and the permeate flux was 25.1 L/ m2.h when the operating pressure was 0.2 MPa. The CuCl2 rejection was still above 86.3% when the operation pressure increased to 0.8 MPa, meanwhile, the permeate flux increased greatly to 85.8 L/ m2.h.

In this paper, the two main reasons are introduced such as great varying range of echo signal power and pulse signal error, which affect the pulse laser ranging accuracy and analyzed on the base of the pulsed laser range finding method. For them, the methods are provided that the AGC technology in the receiving circuit is adopt to extend the dynamic range of the receiver, and gain the high precision receiving pulse signal by using high-speed voltage comparator. Then the problems of great varying range of echo signals caused by different measuring distance and contacting the timing circuit are resolved efficiently.

Ardipusilloside I, extracted from Ardisia pusilla A. DC, effectively inhibits the progression of several cancers in animal models and is a potential anti-cancer drug candidate. However, the metabolism and pharmacokinetic characteristics of ardipusilloside I remain unknown. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem MS method to determine the ardipusilloside I concentration in rat plasma using ginsenoside Re (whose structure is similar to ardipusilloside I) as the internal standard. After oral administration of ardipusilloside I, its four possible metabolites (M1, M2, M3, and M4, whose structures were determined by MS) were detected in the content from rat small intestine. In rat plasma, however, only M3 and M4 were detected after oral administration of ardipusilloside I. None of the metabolites were detected in plasma samples after intravenous administration of ardipusilloside I to rats. These results indicated that the metabolites, but not the drug itself, were absorbed into plasma after oral administration of ardipusilloside I to rats and that M3 and M4 may be responsible for the antitumor activity of orally administered ardipusilloside I in rat models of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solvent-free N-alkylation of phthalimide with alkyl halides catalyzed by basic ionic liquids was developed in this conmmunication. With a comparative study, [Bmim]OH (1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hydroxide) exhibited the highest catalytic activity among the selected basic ionic liquids, which afforded a convenient, efficient and general protocol for N-alkyl phthalimides exclusively.

Herein, we reported a practical and efficient strategy combining photoredox and enzyme catalysis for the construction of 3-aminoalkyl chromones from o-hydroxyaryl enaminones and N-arylglycine esters. A variety of 3-aminoalkyl chromones were synthesized with good yields under mild conditions in one pot. This synthetic protocol consists of sequential enzymatic hydrolysis and photoredox decarboxylation of N-arylglycine esters, oxidation of aminoalkyl radicals, Mannich reaction, and intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization, which affords a convenient pathway for the preparation of various 3-substituted chromones.

Lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) was used to catalyze the transesterification of vinyl acetate with 2-hydroxymethyl-1,4-benzodioxan in ionic liquid microemulsions (H2O/[BmiPF6, water in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate), and the results demonstrated that CRL could preserve higher catalytic activity in H2O/[BmiPF6 microemulsions.

The N-alkylation of benzotriazole with alkyl halides proceeds efficiently in the presence of potassium hydroxide in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]).

An ionic liquid based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BmimBF4) is used as a reusable reaction medium for the alkylation of sodium arenesulfinates with alkyl halides. This procedure is convenient, efficient and generally gives rise to the S-alkylated product with high selectivity when applied to active halides.

An ionic liquid based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate is used as an efficient reusable reaction medium in the N-alkylation of cyclic imides with alkyl halides promoted by fluoride ion.

The reaction is found to be general and applicable to alkyl halides containing bromide and chloride, and the desired products are obtained in good yields and moderate selectivity.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

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