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La coexistence de lésions vasculaires et ostéo-articulaires implique une prise en charge multidisciplinaire. La survenue de lésions vasculaires peut mettre en jeu le pronostic fonctionnel et vital du patient. Les traumatismes vasculaires concernent essentiellement les membres inférieurs et sont souvent dus à des accidents de la voie publique, des accidents domestiques ou des accidents du travail. L’objectif principal de l’étude était d’évaluer la prise en charge des patients présentant un traumatisme ostéo-articulaire et vasculaire (taux d’amputation et proportion d’aponévrotomie). L’objectif secondaire était de proposer une séquence de prise en charge adaptée destinée à améliorer nos pratiques.

Le suxaméthonium est un myorelaxant utilisé pour faciliter l’intubation endotrachéale lors d’une anesthésie générale ou dans les situations d’urgence. Préparer à l’avance une solution diluée adaptée à l’administration prend du temps et engendre du gaspillage si les seringues ne sont pas utilisées dans la journée. Des seringues prêtes à l’emploi de suxaméthonium, pouvant se conserver 30jours à température ambiante, sont cependant arrivés il y a peu sur le marché.

La Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) abrite un patrimoine riche de plusieurs millions de documents constitués en collections qu’elle a pour mission de préserver afin de les diffuser au public et les transmettre aux générations futures. Ces collections majoritairement constituées de matériaux organiques et hygroscopiques comme le papier ou le cuir sont sujettes aux biodétériorations, notamment par les moisissures de l’environnement. Ces biodétériorations engendrent une perte de la valeur patrimoniale allant d’un simple préjudice esthétique dû à la présence de tâches colorées à la disparition irrémédiable d’informations. Afin d’éviter l’apparition de biodétériorations et le recours aux traitements biocides, la BnF met en œuvre des mesures préventives ayant pour objectif de réduire l’apport et la propagation des biocontaminants et d’empêcher leur développement. Pour élaborer ces mesures et évaluer objectivement leur efficacité, une politique globale de gestion du risque a été développée. L’objet de cet article est de présenter cette démarche de management du risque en terme de méthodes d’échantillonnage, critères de risque, et seuils d’alerte ou d’action permettant d’évaluer la probabilité de survenue des dommages et leur gravité.

A stable solution chemistry and a consistent thermal processing route have been developed to produce multi-layer sol-gel lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric coatings of high electrical quality. Up to 5 μm thick fully perovskite and piezoelectrically active crack-free coatings with permittivity of 1100-1300 and loss tangents of 1-2% can be produced with careful attention to the choice of titanium and zirconium alkoxide precursors, the choice of solvent, the method of solution preparation, and the thermal processing schedule. The films were deposited on platinized silicon, spinning for 30 seconds at 3000 rpm. Individual layers were dried on a hot plate at 250°C for 30 seconds, fired on a second hot plate at 400°C for 15-60 seconds and annealed in a box furnace at 650°C for 2 minutes. Applications of the films are directed toward piezoelectric transformers, surface acoustic wave devices, and cantilever structures.

An exploratory survey was undertaken in the fall 1995 open-water fishing season with nine Bangladeshi and nine Vietnamese-origin sportfishers. Survey methodology and techniques of dietary and fish intake assessment were adapted to the cultural values and second language of each community. A 70-item instrument assessing sportfishing practices and fish consumption habits was administered by dietitians in participants' homes. Two 24-h diet recalls (aided by photographs taken by the participants) and a fish consumption calendar permitted the assessment of fish intake in the overall dietary context. A fish frequency item addressed consumption of locally available fish species (both sport and market fish) as well as imported frozen or dried species. Annually, Bangladeshi fishers consumed 46.8±25.6 sportfish meals, and Vietnamese fishers ate 40.7±35.1 meals. In contrast, Bangladeshis reported greater annual consumption of imported, frozen nonsportfish (76.0±40.9 meals), and the Vietnamese ate more ocean than freshwater fish (45.1±34.4 ocean fish meals). Fish constituted approximately 19% of all protein foods eaten among the Bangladeshi fishers and 10% in the Vietnamese sample. Plasma and erythrocyte eicosapentanoic acid (EPA):arachidonic acid (AA) ratios supported findings from the fish frequency question showing that the two groups of Asian-origin fishers eat differing quantities of different fish species and that Asian-origin sportfishers—particularly the Bangladeshis—eat fish overall more frequently and in greater variety and quantity than francophone Quebecers; species selection appears to be both culturally motivated and influenced by the availability of St. Lawrence sportfish.

Owing to their excellent biocompatibility, silicone elastomers are very often studied to prepare controlled-release systems of therapeutic molecules. In order to produce a loaded matrix, the influence of the physical properties of elastomers on molecule diffusion has to be characterized. In this work the influence of the mesh size on progesterone diffusion was analysed. The results show a very important evolution of the diffusion coefficient, D, in the smallest meshes. On the other hand, in the largest meshes, an increase in the mesh size involves a very slight increase in D, approaching an asymptotic value. In addition to the size, the mesh form has a significant effect on molecule diffusion. Moreover, in the case of a mesh size dispersion the smallest meshes of the network have a fundamental action on the diffusion coefficient of the progesterone.

By assuming simplified hypotheses which result from the molecular analysis of Doi-Edwards, it is possible to propose rheological methods for characterizing molar weight distribution of entangled polymeric liquids. The generalized exponential distribution is especially concerned. Theoretical expressions of rheological parameters are derived, and their numerical values are calculated in special cases. A numerical method of discrimination and identification of these special distributions is proposed.

Modified silicone elastomers were synthesized by grafting an organic pendent segment (allylglycidylether) along polydimethylsiloxane chains. The effects of the degree of grafting were evaluated with respect to drug solubility, diffusivity and elastomer properties. It was found that this elastomer modification led to a high increase in solubility for a lipophilic steroid (progesterone) and a more hydrophilic drug (metronidazole). Drug diffusivities were not highly reduced; permeability and release properties of these modified silicone networks could also be widely improved not only for steroids but also for more hydrophilic drugs.

The algebraic relations between minors of a generic matrix are of great interest in many domains (invariant theory, representations of the symmetric group, algebraic geometry, Schur functions, etc.). We show that most of these relations result easily from a particular identity, which was stated by H. W. Turnbull in 1909 but has remained little known since. The introduction of Cayley (or Peano) algebras by G.-C. Rota throws light on this identity. Indeed, Turnbull's formula turns out to be nothing but the expression of associativity and anticommutativity for the second product (the "meet operation") of these algebras. A constant problem when dealing with minors' identities is the choice of appropriate notations. The difficulty of grasping the cumbersome symbols used by many authors of the last century is no doubt responsible for the present neglect of this field. We propose to code these identities by permutations of letters in tableaux. As an illustration of these principles we derive explicitly a great number of classical theorems due to Sylvester, Bazin, Reiss, Picquet, Muir, etc., and we give also several new formulae which generalize some of these theorems. However, we do not try to give an exhaustive list of identities. It seems to us more interesting to show that these tools provide an effective calculus on minors, which enables anyone to find the formulae, old or new, suitable for a particular application.Copyright 1993, 1999 Academic Press

Silicone elastomers are often used as a base for controlled-release systems material for drugs. The modulation of drug diffusion by varying the mesh size of a silicone elastomer network has already been studied. In this work we have investigated the influence of vulcanization conditions and chemical modifications on the network mesh size by thermal analysis and measurement of the swelling ratio. In parallel, the influence of these same parameters on the diffusion of model drugs has been studied.