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Background:Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder associated with disruptions in emotional control. Previous studies have investigated abnormal regional activity and connectivity within the fronto-limbic circuit. However, condition-specific connectivity changes and their association with the pathophysiology of MDD remain unexplored. This study investigated effective connectivity in the fronto-limbic circuit induced by negative emotional processing from patients with MDD.Methods:Thirty-four unmedicated female patients with MDD and 28 healthy participants underwent event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging at 7T while viewing emotionally negative and neutral images. Brain regions whose dynamics are driven by experimental conditions were identified by using statistical parametric mapping. Effective connectivity among regions of interest was then estimated by using dynamic causal modeling.Results:Patients with MDD had lower activation of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and higher activation of the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) than healthy controls (HC). In association with these regional changes, we found that patients with MDD did not have significant modulatory connections from the primary visual cortex (V1) to OFC, whereas those connections of HC were significantly positively modulated during negative emotional processing. Regarding the PHG activity, patients with MDD had greater modulatory connection from the V1, but reduced negative modulatory connection from the OFC, compared with healthy participants.Conclusions:These results imply that disrupted effective connectivity among regions of the OFC, PHG, and V1 may be closely associated with the impaired regulation of negative emotional processing in the female patients with MDD.

Despite the growing amount of tourism literature examining short-term rentals, few studies have examined their economic impact on locals. This study is unique in that it elucidates Airbnb listings' heterogeneity and reflects spatiotemporal effects in the analysis of their impact on locals. The study revealed that Airbnb has different impacts on local housing markets by their characteristics. Furthermore, this study provides quantitative evidence delineating the relationship between Airbnb and gentrification. Overall, entire home listings by multi-unit hosts were found to exhibit the greatest impact on rent, housing value, and gentrification. The study findings provide practical implications for destinations to implement concrete strategies for balancing the positive and negative impacts of Airbnb.

This study aims to conceptualize the notion of event technology by examining past and current trends in the event technology industry. Based on social representation and agenda-setting theories, this study analyzed approximately 390,000 posts related to event technology on Twitter and Instagram. For an in-depth examination, the authors performed multilateral big data analytics: descriptive, comparative, sentiment, and content analysis. The results revealed that product life cycles are clearly discernible in the event technology industry and that the COVID-19 pandemic has provided an opportunity for rejuvenation. The findings also suggest that event technology is the dominant terminology over meeting technology and Twitter is the preferred platform for discussing event technology-related agenda. This study examines the previously unvisited topic of technology usage in the MICE industry and provides academic and practical implications to prepare for the upcoming MICE 5.0 era.