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The diagnosis robustness can be improved via reasonable ECM selection and feature extraction considering ECM parameter variations, and a more explicit robustness coefficient can be adopted for diagnostic robustness evaluation.

This work investigates how extracting features from different random partial charging profiles within real forklift operation profile affects SOH estimation accuracy based on feature engineering and different machine learning methods.

Cold plasma (CP) treatment is a promising way to remove mycotoxins from cereal kernels, although its effects on nutrient contents remain unclear. This study evaluates the biochemical parameters, gelatinization properties, and fatty acid profile of Chinese hard‐white wheat flour treated with low‐pressure radio‐frequency (RF) CP (13.56 MHz, 140 Pa, helium or oxygen, 120 W, 0–180 s, 70 g sample). 120 W oxygen and helium plasma respectively required 90 and 120 s treatment to remove 50% deoxynivalenol (DON) from hard‐white wheat flour samples with 1.22 μg/g DON. A General Linear Model–Univariate analysis shows that oxygen and helium plasma both significantly increased water absorption rate, conductivity, and contents of reducing sugars, amylose, soluble protein, and saturated fatty acids in wheat flours but decreased the contents of soluble amino acids, total, unsaturated, mono‐unsaturated and poly‐unsaturated fatty acids, and enthalpy of gelatinization, and kept gelatinization peak temperature. At the same treatment time, helium plasma induced a higher water absorption rate, conductivity, and contents of pentosan and sulfhydryl groups in wheat flours than oxygen plasma. Oxygen plasma induced more reductions in mono‐ and poly‐unsaturated fatty acids in wheat flours than helium plasma. Compared with the untreated samples, helium plasma increased the values of water SRC, NaHCO3SRC, and sucrose SRC, but decreased the lactic acid SRC, suggesting that the flour functional polymers were modified by helium plasma treatment, but oxygen plasma kept these four SRC values and did not significantly alter the functional polymers in wheat flour. The treatment with low‐pressure RF CP can increase hydrophilicity, and unsaturated fatty acid oxidation in wheat flours while kept starch gelatinization, and helium plasma can modify the flour's functional polymers. The suitable helium CP treatment (low‐pressure RF, 120 W, and 90–120 s) is a promising way to reduce the contaminants of wheat flours and improve their functional properties.

Rice is an important staple food that is often stored for long periods (e.g., 2 years) but is subject to aging effects that reduce quality. Therefore, a sensitive freshness detection method for long‐term paddy storage is required. This study stored five varieties of Chinese paddy at 4°C, 15°C, 20°C, or 35°C for 10 months, and then analyzed their solvent retention capacity (SRC), freshness index, contents of fatty acids, amylose, protein and soluble amino acids, and their thermal and thermomechanical properties. The results show that the SRC values in water, 5% NaHCO3, 5% lactic acid, and 50% sucrose solution decreased with increases in storage temperature and duration, with no differences among the five varieties. The four SRC values were negatively correlated with an existing freshness index (D615–D690), which could not distinguish between the effects of storage temperature and duration. With the SRC values for newly harvested paddy stored at 4°C used as a reference, the mean and accumulated SRC reductions were found to increase with storage temperature and duration. A protocol for rice freshness detection was developed based on these four SRC values. Paddy with a mean SRC reduction of ≤25% is eligible for preservation, that with a mean of 25%–30% is slightly ineligible for preservation, and that with a mean of >30% is unfit for preservation. If the sum of the four SRC reductions is ≤100%, the paddy is eligible for preservation, a sum of 100%–120% indicates that it is slightly ineligible for preservation, and a sum >120% indicates that it is unfit for preservation. This novel method based on SRC values provides an improved way to assess the freshness of stored rice.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death around the world. An early and accurate diagnosis of AMI is critical to reduce the mortality rate. As an important cardiac biomarker, creatine kinase (CK) has been used in the clinical diagnosis of AMI. However, it still remains a great challenge to realize highly sensitive and selective CK detection in blood specimens. Herein, we have developed an ultrasensitive platform for the detection of CK activity based on time-resolved (TR) luminescent lanthanide metal–organic framework nanoprobes (Eu–QPTCA). Benefiting from the intense emission of lanthanide ions sensitized by the organic ligands and the eliminated short-lived autofluorescence by the TR technique, these nanoprobes enabled the homogeneous detection of CK activity with a limit of detection down to 1.0 U/L, which is about 1 order of magnitude improvement relative to that of the traditional methods. In addition, the Eu–QPTCAnanoprobes showed superior selectivity and reliability toward the practical detection of CK activity in human serum, indicating the great significance of our method in the early diagnosis of AMI. We envision that the proposed bioassay strategy can be extended to the detection of other phosphorylation enzymes, paving a way for promising applications in clinical diagnostics.

Thermoelectric modules (TEMs) have great potential in energy conversion. There is research about performance improvements of thermoelectric generator (TEG) and thermoelectric coolers (TECs). However, TEMs are always studied separately, and no research focuses on the influence of the Peltier effect of TEG on the TEC–TEG hybrid system, in which TEG is driven directly by TEC. Herein, an experimental setup is built to discover how the Peltier effect produced by the TEG affects the exergy of the TEC–TEG system especially for the included TEC. The temperature variation of hybrid system caused by the Peltier effect of TEG is studied, and the relationship between performance of every single part and the Peltier effect of TEG is revealed. The performance of the hybrid system and the single TEC system is also compared. It is shown in the results that the Peltier effect produced by TEG is beneficial to the operation of TEC in the system. And, the adverse influence of Peltier effect produced by TEG on itself can be compensated. After thermal‐resistance optimization of hybrid system, the total output power of the hybrid system is up to 14.2% higher than that of the single TEC system in same conditions. How the Peltier effect produced by the thermoelectric generator (TEG) affects the exergy of the thermoelectric cooler (TEC)–TEG system especially for the included TEC is researched. The Peltier effect produced by TEG is beneficial to the operation of TEC in the system. And, the adverse influence of Peltier effect produced by TEG on itself can be compensated.

•A software module was developed to calculate the intergranular air properties of paddy bulk.•Cumulative parameters of the intergranular air can indicate the paddy quality.•Air-conditioning cooling of bin headspace air at 5.5 W/tonne can maintain top grain bulk layer < 20 °C during oversumering.•Moisture was transferred upwards from the bottom bulk layer when air conditioning cooled the bulk surface.

The research cores of RUL prediction with machine learning algorithms are analyzed to find future improvement directions. And using RUL prediction results to extend battery lifetime is also explored.

•Large-scale sea rice production in saline-alkali land requires effective storage technology.•Sea rice kept higher poly-unsaturated fatty acids and taste value after oversummering storage.•Sea rice paddy has a similar taste panel score to common Japonica rice.•Water absorption rate and fatty acid profile are sensitive indicators of rice storability.

Thermoelectric generator (TEG) has great potential in low‐grade waste heat recovery and there is some research on the influence of the Peltier effect on it. However, most of them only consider the total performance changes, such as the variation of power and efficiency due to the Peltier effect, and ignore the impact of the Peltier effect on the temperature of TEGs, which is the core reason of performance changes. To investigate how the Peltier effect affects the temperature loss at the two sides of TEGs, respectively, an experimental setup is built and an analytical model is derived. The result shows that the temperature loss at the cold side is less than that of the hot side. The power loss has a linear relation with the product of the temperature difference and temperature loss. The maximum loss of power, energy efficiency, and exergy efficiency occurs at a particular load range. Within that range, power, energy efficiency, and exergy efficiency reach the maximum, respectively. According to the results, the suggestion of thermal resistance optimization for TEGs is provided. Influences of the Peltier effect on temperature loss at both sides of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) are studied. The temperature loss at the cold side of the TEG is less than that of the hot side. The maximum loss of power, energy, and exergy efficiency occurs at a particular load range, where power, energy, and exergy efficiency reach the maximum, respectively.

The contents of cell wall polysaccharides in pericarp tissues of immature Hayward kiwifruit were determined during development. Two methods employed to remove starch from the crude cell wall preparations were enzymatic digestion (porcine pancreatic α-amylase and Pseudomonas iso-amylase, Method 1) and dimethyl sulfoxide extraction (DMSO, Method 2). Method 2 was more effective in removing starch than Method 1. After extensive removal of starch, cell wall materials were successively extracted with 50 mM EDTA, followed by 4% and 24% KOH. The hot EDTAsoluble (pectic) and alkaline-soluble (hemicellulosic I and -II) polysaccharides were further treated with enzymatic digestion. In subsequent amylase digestions of fractions derived from cell walls previously subjected to the two methods the glucose content was further depleted by 28-77% (Method 1) and 85-91% (Method 2) in the pectin fraction, and 51- 86% (Method 1) and 45-91% (Method 2) in the hemicellulose fractions, suggesting starch in the crude cell walls was not released by initial enzymatic treatment or DMSO extraction. Moreover, the crude cell walls yielded α-amylase activity upon extraction by 1 M NaCl, further suggesting that starch is present in the cell walls. Methylation analysis of the starch fraction revealed a molar ratio of 0.2∼0.6:3.8∼11.6:1 for T-Glc, 4-Glc and 4,6-Glc. The red-violet starch-iodine complex had an absorption maximum of 550∼565 nm. These results provide evidence for an amylopectin-type starch present in the cell walls of immature kiwifruit.

The MnIIand CuIIcompounds of 3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐5,6‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazine‐4,4′‐disulfonic acid (H2pdtd) were synthesized and systematically characterized. The metal‐organic framework (MOF) [Mn2(pdtd)2(H2O)4]n·5nH2O (1) was constructed by a solvothermal method preformed at 140 °C with methanol as the solvent, while [Cu(pdtd)(H2O)4]·H2O (2) was obtained by conventional solution chemistry conducted at 80 °C. Crystallographic analysis revealed that 1has an acentric structure in which the MnIIcenters are linked via sulfonate groups and chelating nitrogen atoms within the pdtd ligands to give a rare noninterpenetrating (10,3)‐d framework with permanent helical cavities. Consequently, 1exhibits nonlinear optical (NLO) activity, significant CO2sorption, and magnetic coupling. In contrast, 2is a mononuclear complex with coordinated water and lacks functional properties.

Safety and high energy density have long restricted the large-scale practical application of lithium metal batteries because of the unbridled growth of lithium dendrites and the rapid deteriorating cycle performance of the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811) cathode. Herein, an additive of RbNO3with multiple functions is proposed for dendrite-free NCM811 lithium metal batteries. Benefiting from the electrostatic shielding effect formed by Rb+during the Li+deposition process and the solvation effect of NO3–to regulate lithium deposition, a high Coulombic efficiency of 95.02% (compared with the low Coulombic efficiency of 89.37% in the blank electrolyte) is acquired in Li//Cu cells, and the uniform growth of the lithium metal deposition with a large strawberry-like morphology is achieved. Moreover, when a cathode of NCM811 matches with a lithium metal anode, an extraordinary capacity retention of 93.67% after 200 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.7% in the electrolyte with the RbNO3system (a capacity retention of 80.1% with a Coulombic efficiency of 98.0% for the blank electrolyte) is achieved at 1C. This work provides guidance for the development of high-efficiency additives with dual synergistic regulation effects of anions and cations for lithium metal batteries in the future.

More and more people concern about supplementing dietary food with wheat bran to increase fibre content, but there has been little study of the sorption isotherms and isosteric heats of wheat bran fibre products, which are important to the quality and storage durability of such commodities. This study collected equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) data on six Chinese wheat bran products via the static gravimetric method and analysed their sorption isosteric heats. Results showed that all six wheat bran products had sigmoidal isotherms. The data were best fitted by polynomial, modified GAB, modified Oswin, and modified Halsey models. The relative safe moisture contents of the six wheat bran products were 12.20%–13.86% wet basis (w.b.). The heat of vaporization of wheat bran products approached the latent heat of pure water at around a moisture content (MC) of 22.5% and approximately 2450 kJ/kg. A process of extrusion and ultrafine grinding reduced the solid surface area and sorption isosteric heats of the monolayer, multilayer and condensed water regions in the wheat bran products. In the temperature range of 10–37 °C, the EMC of sorption in monolayer, multilayer and condensed water regions decreased with increasing temperature. The milled rice to which 1%–3% 200-mesh wheat bran product was added maintained its texture when made into cooked rice and its thermomechanical properties when made into rice dough. After processing by extrusion and ultrafine grinding, wheat bran products have a lower solid surface area and lower monolayer water content (Mm) and sorption isosteric heat values. Some 3% 200-mesh wheat bran product can be added to cooked rice for increasing its fibre content and making it more nutritious.

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Macrophages are professional phagocytic cells, and express pattern recognition receptors such as C-type lectins and integrins for the detection of invading pathogens. Both Dectin-1 (a C-type lectin) and complement receptor 3 (CR3, a β2-integrin) are expressed on innate immune cells including macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Dectin-1 stimulation by b-glucan-containing particles (zymosan) and CR3 stimulation by serum opsonized zymosan (SOZ) activate Erk- and Akt-dependent signaling resulting in phagocytosis and production of an oxidative burst.