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In this paper, we apply a Landweber iterative regularization method to determine a space-dependent source for a time-space fractional diffusion-wave equation from the final measurement. In general, this problem is ill-posed, and a Landweber iterative regularization method is used to obtain the regularization solution. Under the a priori parameter choice rule and the a posteriori parameter choice rule, we give the error estimates between the regularization solution and the exact solution, respectively. Some numerical results in the one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases show the utility of the used regularization method.

The electrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen provides an effective means of storing electrical energy indirectly. The current challenge is to design an optimal catalyst that exhibits low overpotentials, long-term stability, universal availability, and only uses inexpensive materials. Herein, a Co3O4nanoflower/stainless steel (P-Ov-Co3O4/SS) catalyst with both oxygen vacancies (Ovs) and phosphorus doping was perfectly prepared via a simple three-step method. The Ovs promoted charge transfer and accelerated the electrocatalysis, while P finely tuned the surface charge state. This resulted in numerous active sites for catalysis, and the synergistic effect of phosphorus doping and oxygen vacancies was finely demonstrated. The resultant electrocatalyst exhibited low hydrogen evolution overpotentials of 118 mV (− 10 mA·cm−2) and 242 (− 200 mA·cm−2), as well as oxygen evolution overpotentials of 327 mV (100 mA·cm−2) and 370 mV (200 mA·cm−2), owing to the excellent synergistic effect of the Ovs and low-temperature phosphating. Moreover, P-Ov-Co3O4/SS//P-Ov-Co3O4/SS exhibited a low water splitting voltage of 1.681 V at 20 mA·cm−2. These findings will enable the synthesis of novel high-performance electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

Pd-catalyzed borylation of fluorobenzene was theoretically studied. DFT calculations revealed that the reaction occurs through an unprecedented 3 + 6-membered ring transition state, in which one LiHMDS (HMDS = hexamethyldisilazane) acts as a ligand and another LiHMDS is essential to provide Li···N and Li···F interactions, overcoming the large destabilization of the strong phenyl–F bond distortion. The characteristic feature of LiHMDS was elucidated by comparing it with HMDS and NaHMDS analogues.

In this paper, we consider the inverse problem for identifying the source term and initial value for time-fractional diffusion equation on spherically symmetric domain with Caputo–Hadamard fractional derivative. By solving the direct problem, the exact solutions of the problem can be calculated, and based on the expressions of the exact solutions, it can be analyzed that this problem is ill-posed. To address this, we employ the fractional Landweber iterative regularization method to restore the stability of the solutions. Furthermore, the error estimates under the priori regularization parameter choice rules and the posteriori regularization parameter choice rules are given, respectively. Finally, different numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of our method.

Growing interest is being dedicated to smart soft matters because of their potential in controlling bioactives upon exposure to an appropriate stimulus. Herein, structuring of edible liquid oil into oleogels and emulgels as smart thermo-triggered soft vehicles for controllable release of diverse nutrients was developed. Edible liquid oil was trapped inside the crystal network structure of phytosterols and monoglycerides resulting in bicomponent solidlike oleogels. Subsequently, both water-in-oleogel (W/O) emulgels and glycerol-in-oleogel (G/O) emulgels were further fabricated by spatial distribution of the stabilizing interfacial crystals around dispersed droplets as well as the network crystals in the continuous phase. Rheological measurements showed that the gel strength of the oleogel-based emulgels depends on the fraction of the aqueous phase and is greater than that of corresponding oleogels due to a filler effect of dispersed aqueous droplets within the crystal network, offering an additional strategy to tune the structure and rheology. Comparatively, introducing glycerol endowed a higher gel strength for the oleogel-based emulgels than water, particularly at increased filler loads. In addition, these soft matters exhibited interesting thermoresponsive nature, which exhibit the flexibility for programmed release of coencapsulated bioactive components upon exposure to an appropriate thermal triggered switchable. The resulted smart thermo-triggered soft matters have emerging opportunities for application in functional active ingredient delivery by on-demand strategies.

The rice cultivars carrying dep1(denseanderectpanicle1) have the potential to achieve both high grain yield and high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, few studies have focused on the agronomic and physiological performance of those cultivars associated with high yield and high NUE under field conditions. Therefore, we evaluated the yield performance and NUE of two near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying DEP1(NIL-DEP1) and dep1-1(NIL-dep1) genes under the Nanjing 6 background at 0 and 120 kg N ha−1. Grain yield and NUE for grain production (NUEg) were 25.5 and 21.9% higher in NIL-dep1compared to NIL-DEP1averaged across N treatments and planting years, respectively. The yield advantage of NIL-dep1over NIL-DEP1was mainly due to larger sink size (i.e., higher total spikelet number), grain-filling percentage, total dry matter production, and harvest index. N utilization rather than N uptake contributed to the high yield of NIL-dep1. Significantly higher NUEg in NIL-dep1was associated with higher N and dry matter translocation efficiency, lower leaf and stem N concentration at maturity, and higher glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in leaves. In conclusion, dep1improved grain yield and NUE by increasing N and dry matter transport due to higher leaf GS activity under field conditions during the grain-filling period.

Lodging is the most common constraint on grain yield of direct-seeded rice. There is limited information about lodging resistance and its related plant traits in direct-seeded and double-season rice (DDR) in Central China. This study aims to identify the plant traits that achieve high lodging resistance in ultrashort-duration varieties (about 95 days) of DDR. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Wuxue County, Hubei Province, China, with four ultrashort-duration varieties grown under two nitrogen (N) rates. Lodging-related traits were measured on the 15th day after heading, and yield and yield attributes were measured at maturity. The grain yield of the four varieties ranged from 4.59 to 7.61 t ha−1across the two N rates, with a total growth duration of 85 to 97 days. Varietal differences in lodging index were mainly explained by the bending moment, which was closely related to plant height. Breaking resistance did not affect the lodging index significantly. Shortening plant height from 95.4 to 80.5 cm decreased the lodging index by 22.4% but did not reduce grain yield. Our results suggested that reducing plant height was effective in improving the lodging resistance of ultrashort-duration varieties of DDR. Lodging resistance should be enhanced by improving breaking resistance rather than reducing plant height to increase DDR grain yield further.

In this paper, we study the inverse problem of identifying unknown sources for nonhomogeneous Biharmonic Equations in bounded domain. It shows that the problem is ill-posed. We use Landweber iterative regularization method to recover the ill-posed solution and give the convergence estimates under the priori and posteriori regularization parameter selection rules. Finally, several numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness and stability of this method.

Tricin, one of the flavones present in edible Poaceae species, was shown to interfere with intestinal inflammatory-related carcinogenesis and suppress metastasis in colon cancer mice models. Those botanical foods and medicinal herbs which contain high content of tricin may be considered as health supplements for colon health. Hence, the present study aimed to identify and quantify the content of tricin in various medicinal herbs, edible botanicals and some agricultural by-products by LC-MS. A list of “top 10 tricin-rich botanicals/medicinal herbs” was built. From the results, the top three high tricin content botanicals are the dried culms of Triticum aestivum(wheat straw), dried culms of Oryza sativa(rice straw) and mature fruits of Imperata cylindrica. Furthermore, a simple, straightforward isolation method has been developed to isolate tricin from wheat straw which achieved 50% isolation rate (percentage yield of 0.05% w/w) with purity of not less than 98%.

GM1 ganglioside is particularly abundant in the mammalian central nervous system and has shown beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of GM1 ganglioside in experimental models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in vivo and in vitro. Mice were injected with MPTP (30 mg·kg-1·d−1, i.p.) for 5 days, resulting in a subacute model of PD. PD mice were treated with GM1 ganglioside (25, 50 mg·kg−1·d−1, i.p.) for 2 weeks. We showed that GM1 ganglioside administration substantially improved the MPTP-induced behavioral disturbance and increased the levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatal tissues. In the MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells and α-synuclein (α-Syn) A53T-overexpressing PC12 (PC12α-Syn A53T) cells, treatment with GM1 ganglioside (40 μM) significantly decreased α-Syn accumulation and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. We further revealed that treatment with GM1 ganglioside promoted autophagy, evidenced by the autophagosomes that appeared in the substantia nigra of PD mice as well as the changes of autophagy-related proteins (LC3-II and p62) in the MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Cotreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or bafilomycin A1 abrogated the in vivo and in vitro neuroprotective effects of GM1 ganglioside. Using GM1 ganglioside labeled with FITC fluorescent, we observed apparent colocalization of GM1-FITC and α-Syn as well as GM1-FITC and LC3 in PC12α-Syn A53Tcells. GM1 ganglioside significantly increased the phosphorylation of autophagy regulatory proteins ATG13 and ULK1 in doxycycline-treated PC12α-Syn A53Tcells and the MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells, which was inhibited by 3-MA. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the anti-PD role of GM1 ganglioside resulted from activation of autophagy-dependent α-Syn clearance.

•Intrathecal interferon β (IFNβ) attenuates mechanical allodynia without behavioral deficits.•Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is induced by IFNβ in the spinal cord and mediates analgesic effects.•IFNβ mediated analgesia and induction of ISG15 is potentiated in UBP43−/−mice.•IFNβ treatment inhibits MAPK signaling by ISG15 activation.

The first example of gold-catalyzed formal intermolecular [4 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition was developed using 1,3-dien-8-yne as C4 and C2 units and diazo ester as the C1 unit, which provides expedient access to a series of structurally complicated [5.3.0] bicyclic adducts in moderate yields with moderate to high diastereoselectivities. The key route involved a cascade process of dienyne cycloisomerization, cyclopropyl gold carbene’s trapping, and subsequent divinyl cyclopropane (DVCP) Cope rearrangement.

The effects of substituting Co for Fe on the microstructure and stress rupture properties of K4750 alloy were studied. The microstructure of the alloy without Co (K4750 alloy) and the alloy containing Co (K4750-Co alloy) were analyzed. Substitution of Co for Fe inhibited the decomposition of MC carbide and the precipitation of ηphase during long-term aging treatment. In K4750-Co alloy, the morphology of MC carbide at the grain boundary (GB) remained dispersed blocky shape and no ηphase was observed after aging at 750 °C for 3000 h. However, in K4750 alloy, almost all the MC carbides at GBs broke down into granular M23C6carbide and needle-like ηphase. The addition of cobalt could delay the decomposition of MC carbides, which accordingly restricted the elemental supply for the formation of ηphase. The stress rupture tests were conducted on two alloys at 750 °C/430 MPa. When Co is substituted for Fe in K4750 alloy, the stress rupture life increased from 164.10 to 264.67 h after standard heat treatment. This was mainly attributed to increased concentration of Al, Ti and Nb in γ′ phase in K4750-Co alloy, which further enhanced the strengthening effect of γ′ phase. After aging at 750 °C for 3000 h, substitution of Co for Fe can also cause the stress rupture life at 750 °C/430 MPa to increase from 48.72 to 208.18 h. The reason was mainly because MC carbide degradation and ηphase precipitation in K4750 alloy, which promoted the initiation and propagation of micro-crack during stress rupture testing.

With respect to a liquid-fueled molten salt reactor (MSR), the temperature coefficient of reactivity mainly includes the moderator temperature coefficient (MTC) and the fuel salt temperature coefficient (FSTC). The FSTC is typically divided into the Doppler coefficient and the density coefficient. In order to compensate for the potentially positive MTC, the FSTC should be sufficiently negative, and this is mostly optimized in terms of the geometry aspect in pioneering studies. However, the properties of fuel salt also directly influence the FSTC. Thus, the effects of different fuel salt compositions including the $$^{235}$$ 235 U enrichment, heavy metal proportion in salt phase (HM proportion), and the $$^{7}$$ 7 Li enrichment on FSTC are investigated from the viewpoint of the essential six-factor formula. The analysis is based on an under-moderated MSR. With respect to the Doppler coefficient, the temperature coefficient of the fast fission factors ($$\alpha _{\text {T}}(\varepsilon )$$ αT(ε) ) is positive and those of the resonance escape probability ($$\alpha _{\text {T}}(p )$$ αT(p) ), thermal reproduction factor ($$\alpha _{\text {T}}(\eta )$$ αT(η) ), thermal utilization factor ($$\alpha _{\text {T}}(f )$$ αT(f) ), and total non-leakage probability ($$\alpha _{\text {T}}(\varLambda )$$ αT(Λ) ) are negative. With respect to the density coefficient, $$\alpha _{\text {T}}(p )$$ αT(p) and $$\alpha _{\text {T}}(\eta )$$ αT(η) are positive, while the others are negative. The results indicate that the effects of the $$^{235}$$ 235 U enrichment and HM on FSTC are mainly reflected in $$\alpha _{\text {T}}(\varepsilon )$$ αT(ε) and $$\alpha _{\text {T}}(p )$$ αT(p) , which are the dominant factors when the neutron spectrum is relatively hard. Furthermore, the $$^{7}$$ 7 Li enrichment influences FSTC by $$\alpha _{\text {T}}(f )$$ αT(f) and $$\alpha _{\text {T}}(\varLambda )$$ αT(Λ) , which are the key factors in a relative soft spectrum. In order to obtain a more negative FSTC for an under-moderated MSR, the possible positive density coefficient, especially its $$\alpha _{\text {T}}(p )$$ αT(p) , should be suppressed. Thus, a lower $$^{235}$$ 235 U enrichment (albeit higher than a certain value, 5 wt% in this article) along with a lower HM proportion and/or a higher $$^{7}$$ 7 Li enrichment are recommended. The analyses provide an approach to achieve a more suitable fuel salt composition with a sufficiently negative FSTC.

Coal-winning machine is to break coal with rotating mechanism. Owing to the harsh working environment and large stress, the top-disc plate, helical blade and tooth holder in cylinder often lose their wear resistance, hence causing overhauling of the machine and influencing the production of coal. With the modernization of the production technology and mining equipment of coal, the mining intensity of coal constantly increases, which calls for higher wear resistance of the top-disc plate, helical blade and tooth holder in cylinder. Currently, many studies have been performed on the wear resistance of the tooth holder in cylinder, but rare on the wear-resistant technology and wear resistance of the top-disc plate and helical blade in cylinder. In this paper, 16Mn steel which is used in the top-disc plate and helical blade in the cylinder of coal-winning machine was welded based on surfacing technology using EDTCrMnSi special wire to obtain composite wear-resistant steel plates. Then wear tester was employed to compare the wear of 16Mn steel and composite wear-resistant steel plate. Meanwhile, metallographic microscope and x-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) were used to observe the microstructure of the materials and analyze the types and contents of elements in the surfacing layers of the composite wear-resistant steel plate. Furthermore, the influence of surfacing technology on the wear resistance of the material was analyzed. The results showed that there existed high contents of Cr, Si and Mn in the surfacing layers of the top-disc plate and helical blade in cylinder of the coal-winning machine after welded based on surfacing technology. Moreover, the wear resistance and service life of matrix were largely improved.

The molten salt reactor (MSR), as one of the Generation IV advanced nuclear systems, has attracted a worldwide interest due to its excellent performances in safety, economics, sustainability, and proliferation resistance. The aim of this work is to provide and evaluate possible solutions to fissile $$^{233} \hbox {U}$$ 233U production and further the fuel transition to thorium fuel cycle in a thermal MSR by using plutonium partitioned from light water reactors spent fuel. By using an in-house developed tool, a breeding and burning (B&B) scenario is first introduced and analyzed from the aspects of the evolution of main nuclides, net $$^{233} \hbox {U}$$ 233U production, spectrum shift, and temperature feedback coefficient. It can be concluded that such a Th/Pu to $$\hbox {Th}/^{233} \hbox {U}$$ Th/233U transition can be accomplished by employing a relatively fast fuel reprocessing with a cycle time less than 60 days. At the equilibrium state, the reactor can achieve a conversion ratio of about 0.996 for the 60-day reprocessing period (RP) case and about 1.047 for the 10-day RP case. The results also show that it is difficult to accomplish such a fuel transition with limited reprocessing (RP is 180 days), and the reactor operates as a converter and burns the plutonium with the help of thorium. Meanwhile, a pre-breeding and burning (PB&B) scenario is also analyzed briefly with respect to the net $$^{233} \hbox {U}$$ 233U production and evolution of main nuclides. One can find that it is more efficient to produce $$^{233} \hbox {U}$$ 233U under this scenario, resulting in a double time varying from about 1.96 years for the 10-day RP case to about 6.15 years for the 180-day RP case.

ABSTRACTLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for the most common histological subtype of lung cancer which remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The discovery of more sensitive and specific novel target biomarkers for predicting the development and progression of LUAD is imperative. Flotillin-1 (Flot-1) has been reported to have important roles in the progression of several tumor types but not been reported in the progression of LUAD. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of flotillin-1 was upregulated in 5 LUAD cells. Moreover, multiple approaches were used to explore the tumorigenicity of flotillin-1 in LUAD cell lines. The expression levels of flotillin-1 were analyzed by immunoblotting after overexpression and siRNA-based knockdown. Cell proliferation, scratch wound healing, transwell migration and matrigel invasion and xenograft tumor growth assays were used to determine the role of flotillin-1 in LUAD progression. Downregulation of flotillin-1 reversed, whereas upregulation of flotillin-1 enhanced, the malignant phenotype of LUAD cells in vitro. Consistently, cells with flotillin-1 knockdown formed smaller tumors in nude mice than cells transfected with the empty vector. Furthermore, the control group demonstrated significantly more tumorigenic effects compared to the flotillin-1-silenced group in the xenograft model of LUAD. In all, there draws a conclusion that flotillin-1 is a tumorigenic protein that plays an important role in promoting the proliferation and tumorigenicity of LUAD, suggesting that flotillin-1 may represent a novel the therapeutic target to LUAD.

To identify reliable reference genes (RGs) for normalization of real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) data in Codonopsis pilosula.

To provide a reliable and comprehensive data reference for core geometry design of graphite-moderated and low-enriched uranium fueled molten salt reactors, the influences of geometric parameters on the temperature coefficient of reactivity (TCR) at an assembly level were characterized. A four-factor formula was introduced to explain how different reactivity coefficients behave in terms of the fuel salt volume fraction and assembly size. The results show that the fuel salt temperature coefficient (FSTC) is always negative owing to a more negative fuel salt density coefficient in the over-moderated region or a more negative Doppler coefficient in the under-moderated region. Depending on the fuel salt channel spacing, the graphite moderator temperature coefficient (MTC) can be negative or positive. Furthermore, an assembly with a smaller fuel salt channel spacing is more likely to exhibit a negative MTC. As the fuel salt volume fraction increases, the negative FSTC first weakens and then increases, owing to the fuel salt density effect gradually weakening from negative to positive feedback and then decreasing. Meanwhile, the MTC weakens as the thermal utilization coefficient caused by the graphite temperature effect deteriorates. Thus, the negative TCR first weakens and then strengthens, mainly because of the change in the fuel salt density coefficient. As the assembly size increases, the magnitude of the FSTC decreases monotonously owing to a monotonously weakened fuel salt Doppler coefficient, whereas the MTC changes from gradually weakened negative feedback to gradually enhanced positive feedback. Then, the negative TCR weakens. Therefore, to achieve a proper negative TCR, particularly a negative MTC, an assembly with a smaller fuel salt channel spacing in the under-moderated region is strongly recommended.

A number of studies have reported the association between magnesium (Mg) and diabetes. However, the various conclusions were inconsistent and the data on the Chinese population was limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association among dietary Mg, serum Mg, and diabetes in Chinese adults. A cross-sectional study that contained 2904 subjects was conducted. Biochemical test results and dietary intakes of subjects were collected for analysis. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) were used to determine the relationship between Mg status and diabetes by logistic regression. The prevalence of diabetes of the investigated population was 10.1 %. Dietary Mg intake was not significantly correlated with diabetes (P> 0.05). The significant negative association between serum Mg and diabetes existed, and the multivariate adjusted OR was 0.34 (95 % CI 0.24, 0.49) in model 3 for the highest quartile of serum Mg compared with the lowest. The Pvalues for trend were all less than 0.001 for the relationship between serum Mg and diabetes. Dietary Mg intake and serum Mg were not significantly correlated in the diabetes population (P= 0.936). Dietary Mg was not significantly correlated with diabetes, while serum Mg was inversely correlated with diabetes in the Chinese population. Meanwhile, dietary Mg intake and serum Mg were not significantly correlated in the diabetes population.

Li2TiO3is one of the most promising candidates among tritium breeders. In this work, Li2TiO3pebbles with a narrow size distribution, high density, small grain size, and good sphericity are synthesized using the commercial Li2TiO3powder as the raw material by a co-flow capillary-based microfluidic wet process. Highly uniform slurry droplets containing Li2TiO3powder and polyvinyl alcohol were formed in the microfluidic device and then solidified with the cross-linking reaction between polyvinyl alcohol and borax. Li2TiO3pebbles were finally obtained after sintering the green bodies. The size of sintered Li2TiO3pebbles with a good sphericity (Dmax/Dmin< 1.05) can be controlled precisely in a size range of 400–1000 µm by adjusting the flow rate of disperse and continuous phases. The effects of the calcination method, sintering condition, solid content of slurry, and the particle size of Li2TiO3powder on the relative density of Li2TiO3pebbles prepared were studied in detail, and 97.16% T.D. (Theoretical Density) maximum relative density of the pebbles with 5 µm grain size were fabricated.

A novel type of chiral N-substituted methacrylamide derivatives bearing an oxazoline pendant (OPMAM) had been synthesized. Radical polymerization were carried out to produced corresponding polymers with high specific rotation in moderate yields. The polymerization characteristics and the chiroptical behavior of the resultant polymers have been examined in detail by using HPLC and CD and UV-vis spectra. The polymers showed relatively high molecular weights(Mn=5000-15000). The abolutely value of the specific rotation of poly(OPMAM)s basically increased with increasing the molecular weights.

Pilot-ignited direct injection of natural gas fueling of a compression ignition engine has been shown to keep high thermal efficiency as diesel engines. To further investigate the combustion process, the effect of natural gas injection pressure on combustion in a diesel engine fueled with pilot-ignited directly-injected natural gas was studied by multidimensional simulations while engine speed and other injection parameters were held constant. NO emissions are increased by higher gas injection pressure without significantly affecting cylinder pressure. By increasing gas injection pressure, HC emissions are reduced with the increase of cylinder temperature. The data got contributes to the development of the pilot-ignited high pressure direct injection natural gas engine.

In order to determine the main related factors affecting the wharf safety, this paper presents a model using the grey correlation analysis process to give a quantitative analysis about accidents in petrochemical wharf. Based on the statistics of wharf accidents in a petrochemical wharf of Tianjin Port from 2008 to 2012, the study analyzes four main accidents and related causes that take place in a petrochemical wharf. The grey correlation degree of the factors are calculated and analyzed including human factor, no emergency measures, equipment damage, poor management, environmental factor in petrochemical wharf, respectively. The result shows that the main causes of accidents are operation against rules and poor management in petrochemical wharf, and operation against rules is the most important factor. The application of grey correlation analysis gives a quantitative analysis to the degree affected by different factors so that wharf accidents can be avoided by taking effective measures.

Under small water-intake flow or overhaul periods, sediments deposit in the water intake pipeline with noncircular flow cross-section formed. According to the hydrostatic settling test results of fine sediments in circular pipeline, the sectional features of the deposition on pipe bottom is provided. And the vertical velocity profiles on perpendicular bisectors of noncircular flow cross-sections are measured under three kinds of typical deposition thickness. The relative positions of the maximum velocity point and the center of flow cross-section should be determined with an overall consideration to the two factors of wall roughness and wall restraint which is controlled by the transverse width of flow cross-section. When the mean velocity of flow cross-section keeps a constant value, the larger the deposition thickness is, the larger the velocity near the deposition surface, which is more favorable for sediment incipient motion.

In order to meet the application requirements of visual management and analysis of the information about recycled water use, the spatial database for the City Recycled Water Use is designed and constructed in this paper based on Geodatabase the spatial data model as well as UML and CASE as tools. The View Layer design, Concept design and Logic Design of the database of the recycled water use is explained in details. Then the application of the designed database to implement the Dianchi Lake Basin recycled water use in GIS platform is carried out and parts of the details is described in this paper.

Microwave cavity with complicated structure and rubidium gas is studied by mode matching method. By calculating resonant frequencies of HE111 mode under different parameters, main factors that influence resonant frequency is studied. In addition, the resonant frequency of HE111 mode is compared with commercial software (CST) results. The computed results show good agreement with CST simulations. It can be seen that this method is of high credibility and efficiency. This paper is of great significance for cavity design and theoretical perfection.

This paper studies the evaluation of the proper stress intensity factor ranges in the fracture mechanics-based fatigue analysis of the rib-to-deck welded joints of orthotropic steel decks. It is pointed out in the paper that the stress intensity factor ranges used in Paris law for the fatigue crack growth at a rib-to-deck welded joint can not be taken as a value proportional to the corresponding stress ranges since the compressive stresses are the dominant transverse stresses in the cyclic stresses under the action of truck traffics. The proper fatigue design loads to characterize the standard truck loading for the accurate calculation of the tensile transverse stresses at the rib-to-deck joints is also discussed in the paper. It is shown that the loads from two neighboring wheel-axles of heavy trucks have to be taken into account.

The series of stable A-F/PDM composite coagulants prepared by combining polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDM) with the composite (A-F) of aluminum sulfate (AS) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) were used to research the algae-removal efficiencies to summer Taihu Lake algae-rich water under prechlorination process. The composite coagulants were tested by jar tests for the effects of mass percents (5%~20%) and intrinsic viscosity values (0.55~3.99 dL/g) of PDM on algae-removal efficiencies. For water with algae content of 6.14×104 cells/mL, the algae-removal rates of 90.9% and 94.0%~ 96.3% could be realized by using A-F and A-F/PDM(0.55/5%~3.99/20%) with dosages of 5.60 mg/L and 4.81~3.01 mg/L, respectively, when 2 NTU residual turbidity of effluent water after sedimentation was required. Therefore, using A-F/PDM composite coagulants could enhance evidently the algae-removal efficiency of A-F to summer Taihu Lake algae-rich water. Compared with using A-F solely, the dosages of A-F in composite coagulants were saved when the residual turbidities were required in same level.

The series of stable A-F/PDM composite coagulants prepared by combining polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDM) with the composite (A-F) of aluminum sulfate (AS) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) were used to research the treatment effects to Taihu Lake prechlorinated algae-containing water in winter. The composite coagulants were tested by jar tests for the effects of mass percents (5%~20%) and intrinsic viscosity values (0.55~3.99dL/g) of PDM on algae- and turbidity-removal efficiencies. The results show that when the residual turbidity of supernatant after sedimentation reaches the control standard of 2 NTU, the dosages of A-F and A-F/PDM (0.55/5%~3.99/20%) are 4.52 mg/L and 4.27~2.52 mg/L respectively, and the algae-removal rates are 90.1% and 92.0%~96.3% respectively. When the dosages are 4.52 mg/L, the algae-removal rates are 90.1% and 92.5%~99.0% respectively, and the residual turbidities are 2.00 NTU and 1.76~0.60 NTU respectively. Therefore, using A-F/PDM composite coagulants can enhance evidently the treatment effect of A-F to Taihu Lake prechlorinated algae-containing water in winter.

The method that dividing a year into multiple time periods and calculating the optimum tilt angle of PV panels in every period is proposed. Calculation software is developed using Labview language. Taking some region in Liaoning province for example, the yearly radiation under fixed inclination, two inclinations and three inclinations every year are compared. The capital investment and increased revenue in the case of fixed inclination, adjusting the bracket twice a year and adjusting the bracket three times a year are compared. The calculation results show that adjusting the angle twice a year and adjusting it three times a year can increase the overall yield 4.03% and 4.39% respectively. The test platform is built up. And the experiment results show that the generating capacity of the 8th unit after angle adjustment increases significantly comparing with that of the 5th unit under fixed inclination.

The anti-scour velocity of revetment blocks for flood control project of Mulan Creek river was studied through flume experiments. The results show that the revetment stability is related to the surface smoothness of revetment blocks. If they are paved smoothly, the incipient velocity of the blocks is greater than 4.0m/s, otherwise it is smaller than 3.2m/s. Hence, the smooth armour layer of revetment blocks are more stable than the others. According to distributions of flow velocities during flood in the river, the armor block types for different reaches of Mulan Creek river are suggested.

Complicated microwave cavity loaded with ceramics is first investigated by mode matching method in rubidium frequency standard. In order to study main factors influencing resonant characteristics, resonant frequencies of TE011 mode are calculated and compared with commercial software (CST) results. The results show good agreement between theoretical computations and CST simulations. This work is of great significance for cavity design and theory perfection in atomic frequency standard.

The numerical model of diesel engine fueled with pilot-ignited directly-injected natural gas is built, and the influence of natural gas injection timing on the combustion process is studied using CFD software. And obtained the following conclusions, as the delay of natural gas injection timing, the maximum of the mean pressure and mean temperature decrease gradually and the timings for the maximum value increase. With every delay of 5 ºCA of the injection, the mean pressure reduces by about 16%.As the delay of injection timing, the delay of the timing of the high temperature and the range decrease for the high temperature region, and this is beneficial for the emission of NO, but not conducive to the emission of HC、CO and PM

Superscript textSuperscript textThe concentration of six potential carcinogenic compounds (3-Methylcholanthrene, Dibenz(a,h)acridine, Dibenz(a,i)acridine, Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene, Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene, Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene ) in the urban air of Dalian, China were monitored from November 2009 to March 2010 with active high-volume sampler. They were detected in gaseous phase and particulate phase, respectively. The total concentration of them was 563.2 pg m-3, and they were mainly found in particulate phase with the concentration of 540.5 pg m-3 while the concentration in the gas phase only was 22.7 pg m-3. The concentration of them changed apparently in different month.

Composite FeF3•3H2O/C was prepared by mixing FeF3•3H2O with acetylene black through high-energy milling, and used as cathode material for Li-ion battery. The structure and the morphology of the as-prepared composite FeF3•3H2O/C were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When compared with FeF3•3H2O synthesized by a liquid-phase method, the composite FeF3•3H2O/C had no distinct difference in crystal structure, but shows that a well distributed particle size of 100~1000nm. The electrochemical performances of FeF3•3H2O/C composite were evaluated by charge-discharge test and cyclic voltammetery (CV). With a current density of 23.7mAg-1 in the voltage range of 2.0~4.5V at room temperature, the FeF3•3H2O/C composite achieved a maximum discharge capacity of 112 mAhg-1, as well as a good cycling performance.

A convenient new method was developed to prepare unfused polyaromatic furan derivatives from diynyl‐1,6‐diols through a novel base‐catalyzed cascade 1,3‐H shift/cyclization process. Deuterium experiments were performed to determine that the 1,3‐H shift was the rate‐determining step.

The inverse problem of inversion of initial values for fractional advection–dispersion equations is studied. This inverse problem is proved to be ill-posed at first. Then, the optimal error bound of the problem (1.2) under source conditions is analyzed. The regularization solutions of the problem (1.2) are obtained by using the Quasi-boundary regularization method, Fractional Landweber iteration regularization method and Landweber iteration regularization method, respectively. Moreover, the error estimates are obtained for the exact solution and the regularization solutions under the priori and the posteriori regularization parameter choices. Finally, the validity and stability of three regularization methods are verified by three numerical examples.

With the analysis on regulating system in 200 MW steam turbine, the necessity of appending the fast-opening function to the original system is set forth and a new type of fast-opening mechanism is devised. The mathematical model of system is built up. With the use of AMESIM software, the displacement curve of the piston, the force curve of the cartridge valve spool, the pressure curve and the flux curve in the regulation process are obtained based on simulation. The performances of three fast-opening systems composed of cartridge valves with different diameters are compared. Based on the analysis on factors that affect the execution time of fast-opening, the dead zone of the fast-opening system is put forward. To overcome the defect, different operation modes are adopted for different zones. The result shows that with the increase of the valve diameter, the regulating time in the dead zone significantly exceeds the fast-opening time in the whole journey. Accordingly, the optimization operation tactic in the dead zone and the qualification conditions are brought forward. The fast-opening system composed of 32 mm cartridge valves is taken as an example with use of the tactic. The simulation result shows that the maximum regulating time is shortened by 509 ms.

To optimize the temperature coefficient of reactivity (TCR) for a graphite-moderated and liquid-fueled molten salt reactor, the effects of fuel salt composition on the fuel salt temperature coefficient of reactivity (FSTC) were investigated in our earlier work. In this study, we aim to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the TCR by considering the effects of the graphite-moderator temperature coefficient of reactivity (MTC). The effects of 235U enrichment and heavy metal (HM) proportion in the salt mixture on the MTC are investigated from the perspective of the six-factor formula based on a full-core model. For the MTC (labeled “αTM”), the temperature coefficient of the fast fission factors (αTM(ε)) is positive, while those of the resonance escape probability (αTM(p)), the thermal reproduction factor (αTM(η)), the thermal utilization factor (αTM(f)), and the total non-leakage probability (αTM(Λ)) are negative. The results reveal that the magnitudes of αTM(ε)and αTM(p)for the MTC are similar. Thus, variations in the MTC with 235U enrichment for different HM proportions are mainly dependent on αTM(η), αTM(Λ), and αTM(f), but especially on the former two. To obtain a more negative MTC, a lower HM proportion and/or a lower 235U enrichment is recommended. Together with our previous studies on the FSTC, a relatively soft neutron spectrum could strengthen the TCR with a sufficiently negative MTC.

In this paper, we consider a time-fractional inverse diffusion problem, where the data are given at x = 1 and the solution is required in the interval 0 < x < 1 . This problem is typically ill-posed, i.e., the solution (if it exists) does not depend continuously on the data. The simplified Tikhonov regularization method is proposed to solve this problem. An a priori error estimate between the exact solution and its regularized approximation is obtained. Moreover, a new a posteriori parameter choice rule is proposed and the Hölder type error estimate is also obtained. Some different type examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Au‐catalyzed treatment of alleneamides with electron‐rich alkenes allows an efficient access to functionalized cyclobutanes.

In the presence of AuCl(PPh3)/AgSbF6, 1,4‐allylic diols of type (I) undergo new ring expansion giving one‐carbon higher keto homologues such as (II).

The cyclization of allylic acetates of type (I) and several structurally related analogues affords benzocyclohexanes in generally good yields.

The tandem process using base‐catalyzed 1,3‐H shift as the starting step is applicable to symmetrical aryl diynes (I) as well as unsymmetrical ones.