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With the increasing proportion of renewable energy in the power market, the demands on government financial subsidies are gradually increasing. Thus, a joint green certificate- carbon emission right- electricity multi-market trading process is proposed to study the market-based strategy for renewable energy. Considering the commodity characteristics of green certificates and carbon emission rights, the dynamic cost models of green certificates and carbon rights are constructed based on the Rubinstein game and ladder pricing models. Furthermore, considering the irrational bidding behavior of energy suppliers in the actual electricity market, an evolutionary game based multi-market bidding optimization model is presented. Subsequently, it is solved using a composite differential evolutionary algorithm. Finally, the case study results reveal that the proposed model can increase profits and the consumption rate of renewable energy and reduce carbon emission.

The substantial increase in the proportion of renewable energy power generation has put forward higher requirements and challenges for the dispatch of the power system. Recently, there is a lack of a complete evaluation system for the dispatching results of power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy, which leads to the lack of feedback and improvement links after the implementation of the dispatching strategy. This paper takes the dispatching results of power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy under four different dispatching modes as the evaluation object, and constructs an evaluation index system including four dimensions of environmental protection, economy, safety and fairness. And a comprehensive evaluation model and evaluation method based on Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to ideal Solution) are presented, which were verified with the calculating examples.

Parental DNA methylation and histone modifications undergo distinct global reprogramming in mammalian pre-implantation embryos, but the landscape of epigenetic crosstalk and its effects on embryogenesis are largely unknown. Here we comprehensively analyse the association between DNA methylation and H3K9me3 reprogramming in mouse pre-implantation embryos and reveal that CpG-rich genomic loci with high H3K9me3 signal and DNA methylation level (CHM) are hotspots of DNA methylation maintenance during pre-implantation embryogenesis. We further profile the allele-specific epigenetic map with unprecedented resolution in gynogenetic and androgenetic embryos, respectively, and identify 1,279 allele-specific CHMs, including 19 known imprinting control regions (ICRs). Our study suggests that 22 ICR-like regions (ICRLRs) may regulate allele-specific transcription similarly to known ICRs, and five of them are confirmed to be important for mouse embryo development. Taken together, our study reveals the widespread existence of allele-specific CHMs and largely extends the scope of allele-specific regulation in mammalian pre-implantation embryos.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and its regulatory components play critical roles in various developmental processes in mammals. However, the landscape and function of m6A in early embryos remain unclear owing to limited materials. Here we developed a method of ultralow-input m6A RNA immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing to reveal the transcriptome-wide m6A landscape in mouse oocytes and early embryos and found unique enrichment and dynamics of m6A RNA modifications on maternal and zygotic RNAs, including the transcripts of transposable elements MTA and MERVL. Notably, we found that the maternal protein KIAA1429, a component of the m6A methyltransferase complex, was essential for m6A deposition on maternal mRNAs that undergo decay after zygotic genome activation and MTA transcripts to maintain their stability in oocytes. Interestingly, m6A methyltransferases, especially METTL3, deposited m6A on mRNAs transcribed during zygotic genome activation and ensured their decay after the two-cell stage, including Zscan4and MERVL. Together, our findings uncover the essential functions of m6A in specific contexts during the maternal-to-zygotic transition, namely ensuring the stability of mRNAs in oocytes and the decay of two-cell-specific transcripts after fertilization.

Poor oocyte quality is associated with early embryo developmental arrest and infertility. Maternal gene plays crucial roles in the regulation of oocyte maturation, and its mutation is a common cause of female infertility. However, how to improve oocyte quality and develop effective therapy for maternal gene mutation remains elusive. Here, we use Zar1as an example to assess the feasibility of genome transfer to cure maternal gene mutation–caused female infertility. We first discover that cytoplasmic deficiency primarily leads to Zar1-null embryo developmental arrest by disturbing maternal transcript degradation and minor zygotic genome activation (ZGA) during the maternal-zygotic transition. We next perform genome transfer at the oocyte (spindle transfer or polar body transfer) and zygote (early pronuclear transfer or late pronuclear transfer) stages to validate the feasibility of preventing Zar1mutation–caused infertility. We finally demonstrate that genome transfer either at the oocyte or at the early pronuclear stage can support normal preimplantation embryo development and produce live offspring. Moreover, those pups grow to adulthood and show normal fertility. Therefore, our findings provide an effective basis of therapies for the treatment of female infertility caused by maternal gene mutation.

Lingbaoite, AgTe3, is a new silver telluride discovered in the S60 gold-bearing quartz vein, Xiaoqinling gold district, central China. The new mineral is named after Lingbao city, the municipality of which covers a major part of the Xiaoqinling gold district. Lingbaoite is only microscopically visible and occurs within pyrite as small composite inclusions (<50 μm) that commonly consist of lingbaoite, sylvanite, and chalcopyrite, and locally of bornite, galena, altaite, and stützite. The largest lingbaoite grain is about 30 × 12 μm in size. At least two stages of gold and telluride mineralization are recognized in the lingbaoite-bearing sample set. The first stage is characterized by the deposition of lingbaoite, native tellurium, and sylvanite, within the commonly observed mineral assemblages of lingbaoite + sylvanite + chalcopyrite and sylvanite + native tellurium + stützite. The second stage is characterized by the deposition of Bi-bearing minerals and native gold, within the commonly observed mineral assemblages of rucklidgeite + altaite + volynskite ± hessite ± petzite and rucklidgeite + gold ± altaite.

A self-control energy dissipation unbonded partially prestressed concrete (UPPC) frame refers to the rational setting of self-control energy dissipation components in the UPPC frame, which aims at reducing the stress of unbonded prestressed reinforcement during severe earthquakes. Besides, part of the prestress in the beam during that period can be released to form a beam-hinge energy dissipation mechanism and strong column-weak beam ductility frame. In this paper, the experimental study of two frames (UPPC frame and self-control energy dissipation UPPC frame) under low cyclic loading demonstrates that the self-control energy dissipation UPPC frame of this experiment presents a better energy dissipation capacity and thus can form a beam-hinge mechanism.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) can reprogram differentiated somatic cells into totipotency. Although pre-implantation development of SCNT embryos has greatly improved, most SCNT blastocysts are still arrested at the peri-implantation stage, and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we develop a 3D in vitroculture system for SCNT peri-implantation embryos and discover that persistent Wnt signals block the naïve-to-primed pluripotency transition of epiblasts with aberrant H3K27me3 occupancy, which in turn leads to defects in epiblast transformation events and subsequent implantation failure. Strikingly, manipulating Wnt signals can attenuate the pluripotency transition and H3K27me3 deposition defects in epiblasts and achieve up to a 9-fold increase in cloning efficiency. Finally, single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals that Wnt inhibition markedly enhances the lineage developmental trajectories of SCNT blastocysts during peri-implantation development. Overall, these findings reveal diminished potentials of SCNT blastocysts for lineage specification and validate a critical peri-implantation barrier for SCNT embryos.

In recent years, the application of BESS in power system has been increasing. If lithium-ion batteries are used, the greater the number of batteries, the greater the energy density, which can increase safety risks. Considering the state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH) and state of safety (SOS), this paper proposes a BESS real-time power allocation method for grid frequency regulation. This method establishes the battery charge criterion table, selects the required action unit, and finally solves it through the planning solver. It can realize the safety management of BESS and deal with extreme situations. It can complete a full charge calibration without disconnecting the battery from BESS, so that the SOC of each battery is consistent. The effectiveness of this method is proved by the model based on 50 MW/100 MWh BESS in Qinghai Golmud.

Assisted reproductive technology has been widely applied in the treatment of human infertility. However, accumulating evidence indicates that in vitrofertilization (IVF) is associated with a low pregnancy rate, placental defects, and metabolic diseases in offspring. Here, we find that IVF manipulation notably disrupts extraembryonic tissue-specific gene expression, and 334 epiblast (Epi)-specific genes and 24 Epi-specific transcription factors are abnormally expressed in extraembryonic ectoderm (ExE) of IVF embryos at embryonic day 7.5. Combined histone modification analysis reveals that aberrant H3K4me3 modification at the Epi active promoters results in increased expression of these genes in ExE. Importantly, we demonstrate that knockdown of the H3K4me3-recruited regulator Kmt2e, which is highly expressed in IVF embryos, greatly improves the development of IVF embryos and reduces abnormal gene expression in ExE. Our study therefore identifies that abnormal H3K4me3 modification in extraembryonic tissue is a major cause of implantation failure and abnormal placental development of IVF embryos.

Abstract: The recently discovered nitrate ore field in the Turpan-Hami Basin of western China represents an estimated resource of 2.5 billion tons, and is comparable in scale to the Atacama Desert super-scale nitrate deposit in Chile. The research on this area is rarely carried out, and the origin of the deposits remains uncertain. In this study, new methods were used to systematically analyze N and O isotopes in nitrate minerals collected from the Kumutage, Xiaocaohu, Wuzongbulak, Dawadi, Tuyugou, and Shaer ore deposits in the Turpan-Hami Basin. The data showed that the δ 15NAir value ranges from 0.7‰ to 27.6‰, but mostly between 2‰ and 6‰, which was similar to atmospheric NO3−. The 18O was highly enriched with δ 18OV-SMOW varying from 30.2‰ to 46.7‰. This differs from levels in deposits derived from microbial nitrogen fixation, but is similar to those in atmospheric nitrates. N and O isotopes data indicated that nitrate deposits in Turpan-Hami Basin must be the result of deposition of atmospheric nitrate particles. Although atmospheric nitrate particles are common, the nitrate deposits could form only under the condition of long-term extreme drought climate and very limited biological activity. This paper summarized the ore-forming mechanism of different types nitrate deposits based on their geological setting.

Dual Mach-Zehnder interferometric vibration sensor is an appropriate solution for submarine cable security application. While in this application the detected vibration signal is always narrow-bandwidth and short-duration subject to environmental constraints, which makes correlation based vibration positioning algorithm a poor robustness to noise. A preprocessing method focusing on expanding signal 3dB bandwidth before correlation is proposed in purpose of reducing ultimate positioning mean square error. A high pass filter is imposed to enhance the weight of high frequency components by attenuating low frequency main lobe. Field test results indicate a significant positioning error reduction when using this novel method as long as the cutoff frequency of high pass filter is selected in a valid region where positive effect of bandwidth extension is larger than effect of SNR reduction, and MSE reduction value in valid region agrees well with theoretical prediction.

Transferrin (Tf), an iron-transporting serum glycoprotein, which binds to receptors expressed at the surface of most proliferating cells with particularly high expression on erythroblasts and cancer cells, was chosen as the ligand to develop BCNU-loaded biodegradable poly(D,L-lactic acid) nanoparticles (NPs) containing a ligand, which specifically binds to glioma cells, and their anti-tumor ability was evaluated using a C6 glioma model. In vitrodrug release behavior demonstrated that BCNU-loaded PLA NPs show certain sustained release characteristics. NPs with low molecular weight PLA showed a higher burst effect and a significantly faster drug release from PLA samples. The biodistribution of Tf-coated nanoparticles investigated by 99Tc-labeled SPECT showed that the surface-containing transferrin PLA nanoparticles were concentrated in the brain and no radioactive foci could be found outside the brain. Inhibition of tumor growth in the C6 tumor-bearing animal model showed that BCNU-loaded PLA NPs had stronger cytotoxicity and prolonged the average survival time of rats. Especially when treated at an early stage with a higher dosage of NPs, the average survival time of rats was prolonged 88.37%. Furthermore, one rat maintained normal behavior continuously for an observation period of up to 60 days.

Performances of wavelength converted signal by cross phase modulation (XPM) using semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA's) were studied by the use of the multi-section model. Results show that they are related to both the phase arm bias current of the XPM wavelength converter and its operation. When the conversion is under the in-phase operation, the peak extinction ratio (ER) and the chirp frequency of the converted signal increase according to the decrease of the phase arm bias current, but the input signal power dynamic range decreases. When the converter is under the out-of-phase operation, the chirp frequency decreases with the decrease of the phase arm bias current, while the peak ER and the input power dynamic range keep almost the same when the phase arm bias current changes.

The optical signal-Noise-Ratio(OSNR) degradation (OSNRD) induced by an optical network node is studied in the paper. It is shown that the difference of OSNRs detected before and after the node depends not only on internal parameters of the optical node to be measured, but also on the external condition. This kind of difference can not be used to evaluate the optical performance of the node unless either gain condition or power condition is met during the measurement. It also found that the relationship between OSNRDs and internal parameters of the node obtained under the two conditions are reverse. In the view of optical networking, the power condition is considered more reasonable for the reason that the relationship between OSNRD and the node under this condition is corresponding to the case where the node is used in optical networks.

Toumaline is widespread in the host strata of strata-bound base metal sulphide deposits in the Devonian metallogenic district around Shanyang-Zhashui in eastern Qinling. As a member of the schorl-dravite series, the tourmaline is characterized by Mg > Fe and Na > Ca, showing apparent chemical zonation which records the geochemistry during its formation and subsequent regional metamorphism and hydrothermal overprint. The close similarity in chemical and isotopic constitutions between the tourmaline of the main metallogenic epoch in this district [FeO/(FeO + MgO)=0.34 − 0.39 and δ11B=−7.6‰ − − 8.8‰] and those related to massive sulphide deposits typical of submarine (exhalative) hydrothermal sedimentation may add further support to a similar mechanism of mineralization for the strata-bound deposits in the district.

The effect of distributed Raman amplification (DRA) on the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) of an all optical network (AON) is examined by analyzing two types of node isolated principal (NIP). Based on the parameters used in calculation, it is found that in the first case of NIP, the OSNR of a signal passing through such AON can be improved by about 8 dB compared with no DRA. Whereas in the second case of NIP, the OSNR of the signal can be reduced by 11 dB. This kind of phenomena is analyzed and attributed to the dependence of noise figure of amplification system on the way of the active amplification utilization.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) enables cloning of differentiated cells by reprogramming their nuclei to a totipotent state. However, successful full-term development of SCNT embryos is a low-efficiency process and arrested embryos frequently exhibit epigenetic abnormalities. Here, we generated genome-wide DNA methylation maps from mouse pre-implantation SCNT embryos. We identified widespread regions that were aberrantly re-methylated, leading to mis-expression of genes and retrotransposons important for zygotic genome activation. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) specifically rescued these re-methylation defects and improved the developmental capacity of cloned embryos. Moreover, combining inhibition of Dnmts with overexpression of histone demethylases led to stronger reductions in inappropriate DNA methylation and synergistic enhancement of full-term SCNT embryo development. These findings show that excessive DNA re-methylation is a potent barrier that limits full-term development of SCNT embryos and that removing multiple epigenetic barriers is a promising approach to achieve higher cloning efficiency.

This paper analyzes the connection availability of a protection paradigm, termed permanent dedicated path protection (PDPP), in WDM mesh networks. Numerical results on COST239 European network show that P-DPP reduces the average connection unavailability compared with the traditional dedicated path protection (DPP) at the cost of higher capacity utilization.

An incremental capacity allocation with topology augmentation problem is investigated in this paper to maximize the backup path provisioned services in WDM mesh networks. To tackle the optimal design problem, an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation is presented. Numerical results show that all the services can be provisioned a backup path with little number of new links added to the existing topology.