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Chondrosarcomas (CHS) are malignant mesenchymal tumors arising from cartilage. Chondrosarcomas arising in the temporomandibular joint are especially rare. Herein, the authors report an unusual case of a 50-year-old female who presented with a progressive swelling in the left preauricular region. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an osteolytic and expansive lesion in the left condyle. The diagnosis tended to be a malignant tumor. A resection guide and 3-dimensional printed titanium prosthesis for condyle reconstruction were designed. Extended resection of the left condyle and reconstruction were performed. The pathologic diagnosis was consistent with CHS (grade II). There was no tumor recurrence or distant metastasis at the 6-year follow-up, and good occlusion and satisfactory function of the temporomandibular joint were regained.

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common malignant tumors in the oral and maxillofacial region. However, SCCs secondary to marsupialization of odontogenic radicular cysts are extremely rare. The authors report an unusual case of a 43-year-old male presented with dull pain in the right molar region of the mandible without numbness of lower lips, who had a long history of smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel nut chewing. Computerized tomography revealed a round well-defined unilocular radiolucent at the apex of lower right premolars, 2 nonvital teeth. The clinical diagnosis was the radicular cyst of the right mandible. The patient was initially treated with root canal therapy of the teeth followed by marsupialization with a mandibular vestibular groove incision. While the patient did not follow the instruction of irrigation of the cyst and had no regular follow-up. The reexamination of computerized tomography indicated a round well-defined unilocular radiolucent at the apex of lower right premolars and filled with a soft tissue without clear boundary with buccal muscles at 31 months follow-up. There were no masses or ulcer around the mandibular vestibular groove incision and the patient had no sign of numbness of lower lips. The clinical diagnosis was the radicular cyst of right mandible with infection. A curettage was performed. However, the pathologic diagnosis was well-differentiated SCC. An extended radical surgical resection including segmental resection of the right mandible was performed. The histopathology was well-differentiated SCC without the cyst epithelium and invasion of bone, which can be distinguished from primary intraosseous SCC. The case indicates that marsupialization performed in patients with a history of smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel nut chewing, has a risk of suffering from oral SCC.

Tibial cortex transverse distraction is a surgical method for treating severe diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We show that antioxidant proteins and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with multiple-tissue regenerative potential are released during bone transport (BT) in humans and rats. These vesicles accumulate in diabetic wounds and are enriched with microRNAs (miRNAs) (e.g., miR-494-3p) that have high regenerative activities that improve the circulation of ischemic lower limbs while also promoting neovascularization, fibroblast migration, and nerve fiber regeneration. Deletion of miR-494-3p in rats reduces the beneficial effects of BT on diabetic wounds, while hydrogels containing miR-494-3p and reduced glutathione (GSH) effectively repair them. Importantly, the ginsenoside Rg1 can upregulate miR-494-3p, and a randomized controlled trial verifies that the regimen of oral Rg1 and GSH accelerates wound healing in refractory DFU patients. These findings identify potential functional factors for tissue regeneration and suggest a potential therapy for DFUs.

Mandibulotomy provides good access for monobloc compartmental resection of squamous cell carcinoma in the proper oral cavity. Various designs of osteotomy have been reported, but few of them have considered the local anatomical conditions, and thus related complications occasionally happen. We devised a paramedian lateral-angled mandibulotomy to reduce the side injuries.

The East Asia–Pacific (EAP) teleconnection pattern is the dominant mode of circulation variability during boreal summer over the western North Pacific and East Asia, extending from the tropics to high latitudes. However, much of this pattern is absent in multi-model ensemble mean forecasts, characterized by very weak circulation anomalies in the mid and high latitudes. This study focuses on the absence of the EAP pattern in the extratropics, using state-of-the-art coupled seasonal forecast systems. The results indicate that the extratropical circulation is much less predictable, and lies in the large spread among different ensemble members, implying a large contribution from atmospheric internal variability. However, the tropical–mid-latitude teleconnections are also relatively weaker in models than observations, which also contributes to the failure of prediction of the extratropical circulation. Further results indicate that the extratropical EAP pattern varies closely with the anomalous surface temperatures in eastern Russia, which also show low predictability. This unpredictable circulation–surface temperature connection associated with the EAP pattern can also modulate the East Asian rainband. 东亚-太平洋遥相关型(EAP型)是西北太平洋-东亚地区夏季环流变化的主要模态, 其结构范围从热带延伸至中高纬度地区. 然而, 在多模式集合平均预报中, EAP型没有出现, 其中高纬度地区环流异常非常弱. 本文利用现阶段较先进的季度预测系统, 分析了预测系统无法预测出EAP型热带外分量的原因. 结果表明, EAP型的热带外环流可预测性较低, 主要由于模式不同积分成员之间存在非常大的离散度, 受大气内部变率的影响. 另一方面, 模式所预测的EAP型的经向联系相对于观测较弱, 这也导致了模式无法预测出该遥相关型的热带外分量. 进一步的研究发现, EAP型的热带外分量与俄罗斯东部地区表面温度异常的变化紧密联系, 后者的可预测性也较低. 与EAP型相联系的这种环流-表面温度的不可预测性也将调制东亚降水雨带的变化.