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A low-cost, high-sensitivity large offset salinity sensor with a long sensing area is proposed and demonstrated in this article. The sensor is composed of three misaligned single-mode fibers (SMFs), in which the middle long-distance SMF is used for sensing, which is the SMF with long sensing area and is misaligned with a pair of SMFs to form SMF-long sensing area SMF-SMF structure, that is, SMF-LSSMF-SMF structure. According to the simulation results, the SMF large offset structure with a sensing area length of $1000~\mu \text{m}$ was prepared and used to measure seawater salinity. The experimental results reveal that the salinity sensitivity of the structure can reach −1.22 nm/‰ (−6263.11 nm/RIU), and it has more spectral periods in the same spectral range than the short sensing area probe. SMF-LSSMF-SMF has the advantages of compact structure, high sensitivity, simple production method, and outstanding repeatability, which can increase spectral information, provide richer period information for subsequent demodulation processing, eliminate the problem that the period cannot be judged after spectral aliasing under high sensitivity, and has great potential in the field of high-precision seawater salinity measurement.

The large misalignment Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on single mode fiber (SMF) is getting more attention in marine parameter measurements. Due to the existence of multiple fiber optic transmission modes in this sensing structure, traditional optical path difference (OPD) demodulation algorithms face difficulties in demodulation. Therefore, a new method to demodulate the spectra of SMF-SMF-SMF (SSS) multimode large misalignment MZI sensor using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is proposed in this article. The DCNN with four convolutional layers and four max-pooling layers is established. Convolutional layers are employed to extract deep feature information from the MZI spectrum, and max pooling layers are used for feature selection and filtering. The model was trained and tested by 640 samples in total at different salinities ranging from 0‰ to 40.004‰, and the raw spectrum could be directly used without denoising. The maximum demodulation error of the model does not exceed 0.8‰, and the root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.2946‰. Meanwhile, this neural network can realize a nonlinear mapping from raw spectra to salinity and shows high potential to reduce the cost of the interrogation hardware.

Although Pt-based catalysts have been considered as the most effective electrocatalyst for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), they still suffer from the drawbacks of high cost, poor long-term stability and methanol/ CO poisoning effects. Thus, developing low-cost ORR catalysts with high efficiency, durability and antipoisoning ability is of paramount importance. Herein, a series of non-noble metal FeNC materials are prepared through a facile pyrolysis process and used as the electrocatalysts toward ORR in alkaline electrolyte. Results show that the Fe0.50NC-800-1h catalyst pyrolyzed at 800 ºC for 1 h with the mass ratio of Fe(NO3)3•6H2O to melamine being 0.50 exhibits the highest catalytic performance among the as-prepared FeNC catalysts. The half-wave potential of ORR is ca. 0.81 V, which is only 38 mV lower than that on the noble metal Pt/C catalyst. Besides, it also displays higher stability and methanol tolerance than Pt/C. There is almost no change in the current during the chronoamperometric test when methanol is added in the electrolyte whereas significant decrease is found on Pt/C catalyst. This study of FeNC catalysts provides new insights on understanding the ORR mechanism and suggests a promising strategy to develop low-cost and highly efficient non-noble metal electrocatalysts for ORR.

There is great interest in the application of a lipid-based delivery system (like nanoemulsion) to improve the bioavailability of lipophilic components. Although emulsion characteristics are believed to be influenced by oil types, there is still a lack of systematic research concentrating on the effect of oil saturation degree on the nanoemulsion quality, especially for evaluation of the bioactivity. Here, we aimed to test the effect of oil saturation degree on the physical stability, oxidative stability, and bioactivity of the designed nanoemulision system. Our findings suggest that the oxidative stability and bioactivity of a nanoemulsion incorporating tocopherol and sesamol highly depend on the oil saturation. A nanoemulsion with an oil with a high degree of unsaturation was more susceptible to oxidation, and addition of tocopherol and sesamol could retard the lipid oxidation. Sesamol exhibited better bioactivity during the experiment compared with tocopherol in the Caenorhabditis elegans(C. elegans) model. The lipid-lowering effect of tocopherol and sesamol increased with lower saturation oil groups. The antioxidant activity of tocopherol and sesamol was higher in the high saturation oil groups. Overall, the obtained data is meaningful for applications using the designed systems to deliver lipophilic ingredients.

ABSTRACTLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for the most common histological subtype of lung cancer which remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The discovery of more sensitive and specific novel target biomarkers for predicting the development and progression of LUAD is imperative. Flotillin-1 (Flot-1) has been reported to have important roles in the progression of several tumor types but not been reported in the progression of LUAD. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of flotillin-1 was upregulated in 5 LUAD cells. Moreover, multiple approaches were used to explore the tumorigenicity of flotillin-1 in LUAD cell lines. The expression levels of flotillin-1 were analyzed by immunoblotting after overexpression and siRNA-based knockdown. Cell proliferation, scratch wound healing, transwell migration and matrigel invasion and xenograft tumor growth assays were used to determine the role of flotillin-1 in LUAD progression. Downregulation of flotillin-1 reversed, whereas upregulation of flotillin-1 enhanced, the malignant phenotype of LUAD cells in vitro. Consistently, cells with flotillin-1 knockdown formed smaller tumors in nude mice than cells transfected with the empty vector. Furthermore, the control group demonstrated significantly more tumorigenic effects compared to the flotillin-1-silenced group in the xenograft model of LUAD. In all, there draws a conclusion that flotillin-1 is a tumorigenic protein that plays an important role in promoting the proliferation and tumorigenicity of LUAD, suggesting that flotillin-1 may represent a novel the therapeutic target to LUAD.

The Three Gorges ship lock is an important part of the Three Gorges project, its completion and using have greatly improved transport conditions of the Yangtze River. With the development of the Yangtze River shelter-forest economy and water transport, the great pressure has been brought to the Three Gorges ship lock, the "bottlenecks phenomenon" of the Three Gorges ship lock is prominent increasingly. In order to improve the navigation capacity of the Three Gorges existing ship lock, and ensure navigation pass through ship lock to be convenient, safe, smooth and orderly, based on analyzing the navigation capacity of the ship lock and its main influencing factors, this paper establish ant colony optimization model for the ship lock arrangement, meantime to design and implement the corresponding algorithm. Computational results show that the application of the ant algorithm to the ship lock arrangement optimization is effective, and it offers a new way to solve this kind of optimization problem, moreover, it also offers technical support for improving the navigation capacity of the Three Gorges existing ship lock.

The blade frequency noise of non-cavitation propellers in an non-uniform flow is analyzed in time domain. The unsteady loading (dipole source) on the blade surface is calculated by a potential-based panel method. Through calculation and comparison, the noise attenuation trend of propeller is discussed. The noise decays more quickly in the near field than in the far field.  The Attenuation Trend of the Propeller Noise

Stern manuverability is an important character of submarine. The process was imitated by submarine self-propelled model. The paper presents theresult ,introduces and analyses the characteristic. The result is proved by CFD software.

In order to test and verify the accuracy and reasonable of the mathematical model of the high-pressure air blowing the main ballast tanks, the paper design a submarine self-propelled model with the system of high-pressure air blowing the ballast tanks.Through the experiment without propulsion , the paper obtains drainage performance and key performance parameters of motion.Through the comparing of CFD, the result shows the ability to describe correctly the process of high-pressure air blowing ballast tanks.

High molecular weight lignosulfonate was oxidatively degrdadated into lower molecular weight fractions, the resulting components were conducted to formulate resol resin with phenol and formaldehyde in an alkaline condition, in which 50% phenol was substituted. The modified resol resin was successfully applied to prepare phenolic foam using appropriate combinations of flowing agents. N-pentane was found to be suitable as the foaming agent. Sulphuric acid (50% aqueous solution, w/w) and Tween-80 were used as catalyst and surfactant, respectively. The obtained foams showed satisfactory mechanical properties and excellent uniform cells, which can comply with the required specifications for its practical utilization.

In order to describe the carbon emission situation of Chinese construction sector, this paper calculates the construction sector’s carbon emission and its efficiency of year 1994~2008 based on its energy consumption and economic output. And then the error correction model between the carbon emission and the output of the construction sector is established to predict carbon emission, with the effectiveness of the model proved. Using the error correction model, the long-term and short-term resilience of carbon emission is calculated, which indicates the main driving force of construction sector’s carbon emission is the overall output of construction sector.

Industry is playing an important role in national economy, the efficiency and developing trend of which is widely being paid attention to. However, severe environmental problems always emerge along with rapid industrial development at the same time. Based on the method integrating Principal Component Analysis and Super-efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis, this article introduces environmental factors into the system to evaluate Chinese industrial green-efficiency of year 2000~2008, indicating the current major problems which hinder coordinated economic-environmental development of Chinese industry, and putting forward the improving direction.

A set of structural composition and system composition of self-propelled submarine model which has already been used in experiments as well as the details of its long-wave controller and automation systems was introduced in this study. The feasibility of this technique applied to the model has been proved by real test in lake and the results derived from that will have some guiding significance to research on maneuverability of submarine which thus indicates that keep developing the self-propelled submarine model technique will for sure has a bright future.

The applications of the 3D design are researched in the design of submarine self-propelled model in the paper. By analyzing the experimental instances, the methods and ideas of 3D design are given in the design of the submarine self-propelled model. There is of great significance in improving the effect of mechanical design, enhancing design efficiency and shorten the cycle of designing and processing.

This paper brings a new method of adaptive control with constant pressure on large-scale surface grinding machine. The existing problem of uneven in the process of abrasive belt grinding on titanium alloy composite plates is solved effectively. And the grinding head and the belt follow the plate surface ups and downs effectively through contacting the workpiece with the constant pressure. Not only did ensure the grinding depth and the size of the titanium alloy plates, but also improved the surface processing quality. After experiment, the satisfactory control effect was obtained. The research results have some practical value on adaptive control theory and industrial practice.

In order to investigate the variational-cumulant expansion (VCE) method, the 2-dimensional Ising model is expanded to the seventh order by adopting the method of enumerating connected diagrams, in whose process, how to determine the variational parameter is analyzed. The internal energy , specific heat and spontaneous magnetization are calculated from the first order to the seventh order. The results show that the thermodynamic and magnetic quantities converge to the exact values very quickly and the critical point approaches the exact one order by order. The curve-pairing phenomenon is watched between neighboring order curves at high temperature region.

To study the variational-cumulant expansion (VCE) method, the 2-dimensional Ising model has been selected. The model is evaluated to the sixth order approximation with a scheme for the enumeration of connected diagrams. The internal energy , specific heat and spontaneous magnetization have been calculated. A comparison with the exact results shows that thermodynamic and magnetic quantities converge to the exact values rather quickly and the position of phase transition point approaches to the exact pointstand order by order.

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