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This study presented an innovative technique in totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG) for overlap esophagojejunostomy (E-J), termed self-pulling and latter transection (SPLT) (overlap SPLT). It evaluated the effectiveness and short-term outcomes of this novel method through a comparative analysis with the established functional end-to-end (FETE) E-J incorporating SPLT.

G-quadruplex structures within the nuclear genome (nG4) is an important regulatory factor, while the function of G4 in the mitochondrial genome (mtG4) still needs to be explored, especially in human sperms. To gain a better understanding of the relationship between mtG4 and mitochondrial function, it is crucial to develop excellent probes that can selectively visualize and track mtG4 in both somatic cells and sperms. Herein, based on our previous research on purine frameworks, we attempted for the first time to extend the conjugated structure from the C-8 site of purine skeleton and discovered that the purine derivative modified by the C-8 aldehyde group is an ideal platform for constructing near-infrared probes with extremely large Stokes shift (>220 nm). Compared with the compound substituted with methylpyridine (PAP), the molecule substituted with methylthiazole orange (PATO) showed better G4 recognition ability, including longer emission (∼720 nm), more significant fluorescent enhancement (∼67-fold), lower background, and excellent photostability. PATOexhibited a sensitive response to mtG4 variation in both somatic cells and human sperms. Most importantly, PATOhelped us to discover that mtG4 was significantly increased in cells with mitochondrial respiratory chain damage caused by complex I inhibitors (6-OHDA and rotenone), as well as in human sperms that suffer from oxidative stress. Altogether, our study not only provides a novel ideal molecular platform for constructing high-performance probes but also develops an effective tool for studying the relationship between mtG4 and mitochondrial function in both somatic cells and human sperms.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) represents the second most widespread neurodegenerative disease, and early monitoring and diagnosis are urgent at present. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is a key enzyme for producing dopamine, the levels of which can serve as an indicator for assessing the severity and progression of PD. This renders the specific detection and visualization of TH a strategically vital way to meet the above demands. However, a fluorescent probe for TH monitoring is still missing. Herein, three rationally designed wash-free ratiometric fluorescent probes were proposed. Among them, TH-1exhibited ideal photophysical properties and specific dual-channel bioimaging of TH activity in SH-SY5Y nerve cells. Moreover, the probe allowed for in vivoimaging of TH activity in zebrafish brain and living striatal slices of mice. Overall, the ratiometric fluorescent probe TH-1could serve as a potential tool for real-time monitoring of PD in complex biosystems.

Complete sample digestion is a prerequisite for acquiring high-quality analytical results for geological samples. Closed-vessel acid digestion (bomb) has typically been used for the total digestion of refractory geological samples. However, the long digestion time (4–5 days) and insoluble fluoride complexes still pose challenges for digesting refractory geological samples using this approach. In this study, an efficient and simplified digestion technique combining ultrafine powders from planetary ball milling with bomb digestion was developed for trace element analysis of refractory geological samples: peridotite and granitoid. The method shows two significant improvements compared with previous approaches. (1) By performing dry planetary ultrafine milling, the initial 200 mesh peridotite (<74 µm) could be reduced to 800 mesh (<20 µm) in 6 min at a ball-to-powder mass ratio of approximately 15 using 3 mm tungsten carbide milling balls. (2) Complete peridotite and granitoid dissolution were achieved in approximately 2 h, 60 times faster than what is achievable using previous methods (2 h vs 120 h). Moreover, ultrafine powders effectively suppressed insoluble fluoride formation during bomb digestion. A suite of peridotite and granitoid reference materials were measured to evaluate the stability of this method. This efficient, simple, and reliable sample digestion method could benefit geological, food, environmental, and other fields requiring solid sample decomposition via wet acid, fusion, combustion, or dry ashing.

The process of jatropha oil transesterification was studied for biodiesel production. Rhizomucor mieheilipase (RML) immobilized on 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalized magnetic Fe3O4was employed as a biocatalyst. The immobilized lipase was confirmed by scanning electron microcopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) techniques. The efficient biodiesel synthesis in ionic liquids using immobilized RML was demonstrated. Fifteen kinds of ionic liquids based on different alkyl chain lengths of the methyl imidazolium cation ([C2MIM], [C4MIM], [C8MIM], [C12MIM], and [C16MIM]) combined with [NTf2], [N(CN)2], [PF6] or [BF4] anions were assayed as reaction media for RML producing biodiesel. The highest synthetic activity of immobilized RML appeared in [BMIM][PF6], which is more than five times higher than the free enzyme. The enzyme catalytic activity remained 60% even after the magnetic nano-biocatalyst and ionic liquid had been reused 5 times in a 48-h reaction cycle. In addition, the immobilized enzyme exhibited excellent storage stability with almost no decrease in catalytic activity after storing at − 20 °C for 98 days.

Aberrant lysosomal alkalization is associated with various biological processes, such as oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, ferroptosis, etc. Herein, we developed a novel aminofluorene-based fluorescence probe named FANto monitor the lysosomal alkalization-related biological processes by its migration from lysosome to nucleus. FANpossessed NIR emission, large Stokes shift, high pH stability, and high photostability, making it suitable for real-time and long-term bioimaging. As a lysosomotropic molecule, FANcan accumulate in lysosomes first and then migrate to the nucleus by right of its binding capability to DNA after lysosomal alkalization. In this manner, FANwas successfully used to monitor these physiological processes which triggered lysosomal alkalization in living cells, including oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and ferroptosis. More importantly, at higher concentrations, FANcould also serve as a stable nucleus dye for the fluorescence imaging of the nucleus in living cells and tissues. This novel multifunctional fluorescence probe shows great promise for application in lysosomal alkalization-related visual research and nucleus imaging.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset, and the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) is believed to be one of the main cause. Fluorescence imaging is a promising technique for this task, but the Aβ gold standard probe ThT developed based on this still has shortcomings. The development of a new fluorescent probe to detect Aβ plaques is thought to be essential. Herein, a series of red to near-infrared emitting fluorescent probes QNO-ADswith newly quinoxalinone skeleton are designed to detect Aβ plaques. They all demonstrate excellent optical properties and high binding affinity (∼Kd= 20 nM) to Aβ aggregates. As the most outstanding candidate, QNO-AD-3shows significant signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio at the level of in vitro binding studies, and the brilliant fluorescence staining results in favor of grasping the approximate distribution of Aβ plaques in the brain slice. In vivo Aβ plaques imaging suggests that QNO-AD-3can cross the BBB and have a long retention time in the brain with low biological toxicity. In addition, the results of docking theoretical calculation also provide some references for the design of Aβ probe. Overall, given the high affinity of QNO-AD-3and the ability to monitor Aβ plaques for a long time that is not common now, we believe QNO-AD-3will be an effective tool for an Aβ-related matrix and AD disease research in the future.

Microbial infections continue to be one of the cosmopolitan safety hazards to humankind. To achieve effective sterilization, it is urgent to develop non-antibiotic strategies or integrating multiple antimicrobial methods. Organic photo-antimicrobials (OPAMs) has attracted attention in fighting against bacteria by reactive oxygen species (ROS) or heat without triggering drug resistance. In our work, a copper-porphyrin doping donor-acceptor (D-A) type covalent organic framework (COF), named CTF-BTA2OH-Por(Cu), is constructed to achieve synergistic antibacterial effects by ROS generation and protein degradation. Copper-porphyrin doping improves ROS generation of D-A COF, showing great photocatalytic antibacterial activity (>90% within 1h). Additionally, the polyphenolic aldehydes of BTA2OHcan interact with protein strongly and cause degradation, resulting inhibition of bacteria growth without light. Thus, CTF-BTA2OH-Por(Cu) showed antibacterial activity under both light and dark conditions. These findings give inspiration for COF multifunctional design for antimicrobials strategy and its application in supplies anti-infection or preservation.

Insects are ecotothermic organisms. Their development, survival, reproduction as well as distribution and abundance are affected by temperature. Heat shock protein (HSP) gene expression is closely associated with temperature variation and influences the adaptation of organisms to adverse environments. The beetle Agasicles hygrophilahas successfully been used for biological control of the invasive plant alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides). As A. hygrophilapopulations are substantially inhibited by high temperatures in the summer, increasing global temperatures may limit the efficacy of this control agent. We previously established that A. hygrophilaeggs have low tolerance to heat and this factored into the decreased numbers of A. hygrophilabeetles at temperatures of 37.5°C and above. Here, we identified 26 HSPgenes in A. hygrophilaand examined the relationship between the transcript levels of these genes and heat tolerance. The temperature at which the expression of these 21 HSPgenes peaked (Tpeak) was 37.5°C, which is in line with the limit of the high temperatures that A. hygrophilaeggs tolerate. Therefore, we speculate that the Tpeakof HSPgene expression in eggs indicates the upper limit of temperatures that A. hygrophilaeggs tolerate. This study identifies HSPgenes as potential robust biomarkers and emphasizes that determining species’ heat tolerance in their natural habitats remains an important consideration for biocontrol. HSPgene expression data provide information about a species’ heat tolerance and may be used to predict its geographical distribution.

To maximize the utilization and response to the high oxidative stress environment of tumor sites while avoiding the dilemma of enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) response in a single way, mitochondrial targeting combined with fluorescent self-reporting polymeric nanocarriers (1K-TPPand 2K-TPP) with grafted structures were synthesized via a chemoenzymatic method in a high yield to simultaneously enhance the drug delivery of endogenous ROS responses. 1K-TPPand 2K-TPPloaded doxorubicin (DOX) at a high content over 12% and formed homogeneous spherical micelles. In vitro, both of them showed promising high sensitivity (detection limit below 200 nM H2O2), fast response, and ratiometric fluorescent self-reporting properties (fluorescent enhancement more than 200 times) to ROS and excellent stability under physiological conditions, while achieving a rapid release of the DOX in response to 1 mM H2O2. Cell co-localization experiments exhibited that they had favorable mitochondrial targeting, and mitochondrial isolation experiments also confirmed that the TPP-modified 1K-TPPselectively accumulated nearly three times in mitochondria than that in total cells. The internalization of 1K-TPPand 2K-TPPinto cancer cells was greatly improved by nearly 200% compared to that of unmodified control (1K-OHand 2K-OH) and also explored a unique energy-dependent endocytosis. Furthermore, stimulation of endogenous ROS enhanced the green fluorescence intensity (up to 51.4%) of the linked probe so as to destroy the internal structure of the nanocarriers, achieving self-reporting of the drug’s intracellular release and tracking of the intracellular location of nanocarriers. The cytotoxicity of DOX-loaded 1K-TPPand 2K-TPPin tumor cells with a higher ROS content showed statistical superiority to that of 1K-OHand 2K-OH, benefiting from the extremely good endogenous ROS response sensitivity leading to the differential selective release of drugs. These results demonstrate the potential of 1K-TPPand 2K-TPP, especially for 1K-TPP, as mitochondria-targeted, fluorescent self-reporting nanocarriers for combined enhancement of endogenous ROS responsiveness.

A mitochondria targeting and immobilized fluorescent probe (Rd1) using triphenylphosphonium as the targeting group and methoxymaleimide as the fixed site is designed for the detection of ClO–. The methoxymaleimide fixed group can react with nucleophiles, such as the reactive thiol groups present in mitochondrial polypeptides and proteins, and form covalent bonds to immobilize the probe within mitochondria. The immobilization of Rd1enhances its ability to withstand the risk of leakage from mitochondria. Methoxymaleimide shows better reactivity toward Cys than glutathione (GSH), which decreases the ineffective labeling of GSH when it covalently bonds with the reactive thiol residues of mitochondrial proteins; furthermore, it can resist hydrolysis during a long-term storage in water, compared with the classic benzyl chloride fixed unit. The imaging results indicate that Rd1displays enhanced retention within the mitochondria of cells and tissues upon the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) caused by different stimulations. Furthermore, it possesses the ability to visualize exogenous and endogenous ClO–in living cells, tissues, and zebrafishes.

The development of novel multifunctional gene delivery systems with high efficiency is significant. Herein, due to the unique physical and optical properties of carbon dots (CDs), CDs prepared from polyethyleneimine (PEI) were modified with various hydrophobic chains and different degrees of substitution viaan epoxide ring-opening reaction. The modification and substitution degree were confirmed using several analytical methods including 1H NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, TEM, and XPS. These CDs were utilized as multifunctional, safe and efficient non-viral gene vectors. The results showed that these materials possessed capability for dual-channel imaging, which enabled the intracellular tracking of the delivered DNA. Both the type and substitution degree of the hydrophobic chain have a large influence on their transfection efficiency. Among the prepared CDs, Ole1.5-CDgave the highest transfection efficiency, which was up to 200 times higher than that of PEI 25 kDa in the presence of serum in A549 cells. Meanwhile, these CD materials showed much less cytotoxicity and better serum tolerance than the traditional cationic polymeric gene vector. The cellular uptake assay further confirmed the good serum tolerance and structure–activity relationship of the CD materials. Thus, these CDs with good biocompatibility, self-imaging and high gene transfection efficiency may serve as a promising platform for both gene delivery and bio-imaging.

A novel near-infrared fluorescent platform with intrinsic lysosome-targeting was reported capable of detecting cysteine in living cells and in vivo.

A dicationic probe (Cz-Bz-1) was presented with excellent photostability and large Stokes shifts, which could migrate from mitochondria to the nucleolus and report mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes. Moreover, Cz-Bz-1was successfully applied to visualize the decrease of MMP induced by H2O2and cis-platinum during cell apoptosis.

Dual stimuli-responsive camptothecin polymeric prodrugs (CPT Prodrugs) with grafted structures were designed viachemoenzymatic methods and combined with doxorubicin (DOX) for synergistic drug delivery to improve anticancer efficiency. The CPT Prodrugs loaded DOX with a high efficiency through the cooperative contribution of several interaction forces. The produced amphiphilic polymeric prodrugs loaded with DOX, referred to as DOX@CPT Prodrugs, formed homogeneous spherical micelles of appropriate sizes (sub-50 nm). The DOX@CPT Prodrug micelles showed excellent stability in release experiments under in vitrophysiological conditions and maintained over 80% drug loading after 4 weeks when stored at 4 °C. Under weakly acidic pH and reduced glutathione (GSH) conditions, the DOX@CPT Prodrugs with high disulfide and tertiary amine content achieved synergistic release of the two loaded drugs and biodegraded into low-molecular-weight compounds. The cell experiments confirmed that the internalization of DOX@CPT Prodrugs into cancer cells was greatly improved by nearly 30% compared with that of free drugs. Furthermore, the synergistic drug delivery system exhibited superior anticancer efficiency with highly improved cell selectivity ratios (up to 127.0%) and greatly enhanced synergistic effects (up to 23.9%) benefiting from good long-term stability, better internalization by cells and sensitive pH and GSH dual-responsivity. In addition, the DOX@CPT Prodrugs with suitable sizes and good water solubility also exhibited a greater penetrability in the case of simulating solid tumors than the free drugs. These results demonstrate the potential of DOX@CPT Prodrugs as biodegradable, dual-responsive combination therapy nanocarriers for synergistic anticancer treatment.

Carbon dots have attracted rapidly growing interest in recent years. In this report, we prepared two cationic polymer-derived carbon dots (Taea-CDand Cyclen-CD, collectively called C-dots) viaa hydrothermal method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show that the C-dots were sphere-like and the size distribution was 1.8 ± 0.4 nm for Taea-CDand 5.4 ± 2 nm for Cyclen-CD. The C-dots emitted bright blue fluorescence under UV light (365 nm). Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) assay indicates that the C-dots-mediated transfection process could be detected in real time, and their tunable fluorescence emission under different wavelengths could satisfy varying requirements. Luciferase assay indicates that the transformation from the polymer to CD is an effective strategy to improve the transfection efficiency (TE) of the materials. Moreover, the C-dots also exhibit higher serum tolerance and cell viability than commercially available polyethyleneimine (PEI). These results demonstrate that the preparation of carbon dots from polymers is a promising method for developing multifunctional gene vectors with high TE and biocompatibility.

Cationic liposomes and polymers are both important candidates for use as non-viral gene vectors. However, both of them have special shortcomings and application limits. This work is devoted to the combination of advantages of liposomes and polymers. The ring-opening polymerization strategy was used for the preparation of amphiphilic polymers from cyclen-based cationic small lipids. The non-hydrophobic polymer and the corresponding lipids were also prepared for performing structure–activity relationship studies. Gel electrophoresis results reveal that both the lipopolymers and liposomes could effectively condense DNA into nanoparticles and protect DNA from degradation. Compared to polymers, the DNA binding ability of liposomes is more affected by hydrophobic tails. Under the same dosage, the synthetic polymers have stronger DNA binding ability than the liposomes. In vitrotransfection experiments show that the polymers could give better transfection efficiency, which was much higher than those of the corresponding liposomes and non-hydrophobic polymer. The oleyl moiety is suitable for lipidic vectors, but things were different for polymers. Under optimized conditions, up to 14.2 times higher transfection efficiency than that for 25 kDa bPEI could be obtained. More importantly, the lipopolymers showed much better serum tolerance, which was further confirmed by protein adsorption, gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry, and CLSM assays. The results indicate that ring-opening polymerization is a promising strategy for the enhancement of the gene delivery efficiency and biocompatibility of cationic lipids.

Enriching the palette of high-performance fluorescent dyes is vital to support the frontier of biomedical imaging. Although various rhodamine skeletons remain the premier type of small-molecule fluorophores due to the apparent high brightness and flexible modifiability, they still suffer from the inherent defect of small Stokes shift due to the nonideal fluorescence imaging signal-to-background ratio. Especially, the rising class of fluorescent dyes, sulfone-substituted xanthone, exhibits great potential, but low chemical stability is also pointed out as the problem. Molecular engineering of sulfone-xanthone to obtain a large Stokes shift and high stability is highly desired, but it is still scarce. Herein, we present the combination modification method for optimizing the performance of sulfone-xanthone. These redesigned fluorescent skeletons owned greatly improved stability and Stokes shift compared with the parent sulfone-rhodamine. To the proof of bioimaging capacity, annexin protein-targeted peptide LS301 was introduced to the most promising dyes, J-S-ARh, to form the tumor-targeted fluorescent probe, J-S-LS301. The resulting probe, J-S-LS301, can be an outstanding fluorescence tool for the orthotopic transplantation tumor model of hepatocellular carcinoma imaging and on-site pathological analysis. In summary, the combination method could serve as a basis for rational optimization of sulfone-xanthone. Overall, the chemistry reported here broadens the scope of accessible sulfone-xanthone functionality and, in turn, enables to facilitate the translation of biomedical research toward the clinical domain.

A series of “submarines”, which composed of gold nanoparticles and modified with rhodamine and fluorescein derivatives, were presented. With dual sensitive units for both acidic and basic environment, these “gold nano-submarines” not only allow efficient intracellular pH mapping but also provide more accurate quantitative detection of pH alteration under different stimuli with distinct pH quantification range. Moreover, they even have the ability to pass through the blood brain barrier (BBB).

Aim:Recent evidence shows that localization of mRNAs and their protein products at cellular protrusions plays a decisive function in the metastasis of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to identify the variety of proteins encoded by protrusion-localized mRNAs and their roles in the metastasis and invasion of liver cancer cells.Methods:Highly metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HCCLM3 and non-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 were examined. Cell protrusions (Ps) were separated from cell bodies (CB) using a Boyden chamber assay; total mRNA population in CB and Ps fractions was analyzed using high-throughput direct RNA sequencing. The localization of STAT3 mRNA and protein at Ps was confirmed using RT-qPCR, RNA FISH, and immunofluorescence assays. Cell migration capacity and invasiveness of HCCLM3 cells were evaluated using MTT, wound healing migration and in vitro invasion assays. The interaction between Stat3 and growth factor receptors was explored with co-immunoprecipitation assays.Results:In HCCLM3 cells, 793 mRNAs were identified as being localized in the Ps fraction according to a cut-off value (Ps/CB ratio) >1.6. The Ps-localized mRNAs could be divided into 4 functional groups, and were all closely related to the invasive and metastatic properties. STAT3 mRNA accumulated in the Ps of HCCLM3 cells compared with non-metastatic SMMC-7721 cells. Treatment of HCCLM3 cells with siRNAs against STAT3 mRNA drastically decreased the cell migration and invasion. Moreover, Ps-localized Stat3 was found to interact with pseudopod-enriched platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (PDGFRTK) in a growth factor-dependent manner.Conclusion:This study reveals STAT3 mRNA localization at the Ps of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma HCCLM3 cells by combining application of genome-wide and gene specific description and functional analysis.

A series of oligomers were synthesized via ring-opening polymerization. Although the molecular weights of these oligomers are only ∼2.5 kDa, they could efficiently bind and condense DNA into nanoparticles. These oligomers gave comparable transfection efficiency (TE) to PEI 25 kDa, while their TE could even increase with the presence of serum, and up to 65 times higher TE than PEI was obtained. The excellent serum tolerance was also confirmed by TEM, flow cytometry, and BSA adsorption assay. Moreover, structure–activity relationship studies revealed some interesting factors. First, oligomers containing aromatic rings in the backbone showed better DNA binding ability. These materials could bring more DNA cargo into the cells, leading to much better TE. Second, the isomerism of the disubstituted phenyl group on the oligomer backbone has large effect on the transfection. The ortho-disubstituted ones gave at least 1 order of magnitude higher TE than meta- or para-disubstituted oligomers. Gel electrophoresis involving DNase and heparin indicated that the difficulty to release DNA might contribute to the lower TE of the latter. Such clues may help us to design novel nonviral gene vectors with high efficiency and biocompatibility.

The acquisition system realize custom on the equipment component detection based on multi-source heterogeneous parameters by .NET framework of WCF technology, real time automatic acquisition, real-time transmission, to solve the data acquisition and transmission of multi-source heterogeneous data. Acquisition system using this technology is real-time, good integration, scalability, high efficiency.

The use of air pressure pump for local pressurization in pressure air system is an important application of energy saving technology of pneumatic. The firemen respirator fixed inflatable this basic principle device utilization system design. Due to the different inflation affects firefighters respirator fixed inflatable device energy consumption and filling speed, in this paper, the energy consumption by comparing different charging mode , and the charging mode is optimized to achieve rapid fire breathing bottle inflated and improve firefighter respirator fixed inflatable device efficiency.

Fuel evaporation and ignition process on the high-temperature hot surface are difficult to be predicted accurately. The rule of fuel evaporation and ignition delay that various with hot wall temperature have been obtained by utilizing the simulated experiment to study the evaporation and ignition process of aviation fuel on hot surface. This study complements the related content of the fuel ignition mechanism on hot wall,at the same, reference method for fuel fire engineering practice has been provided.

Cationic lipids have been regarded as an important type of non-viral gene vector; to develop novel lipids with high transfection efficiency (TE) and biocompatibility is of great importance. A series of cyclen-based cationic lipids bearing double hydrophobic tails were synthesized herein. To study their structure–activity relationship (SAR), several analogs including the amide-contained double-tailed lipids, lipids containing ester bonds with the reverse direction, and lipids with a single tail were also prepared. Several assays were used to study their interactions with plasmid DNA, and results reveal that these lipids could smoothly condense DNA into nanosized particles. CCK-8-based cell viability assays showed relatively lower cytotoxicity of the lipoplexes compared to commercially available Lipofectamine 2000. In vitrotransfection assays exhibited that some of the lipids (5a, 5band 8b) may give excellent TEs, which were up to 10 times higher than Lipofectamine 2000. SAR of these lipids was studied in detail by investigating the effects of several structural aspects including the chain length and saturation degree, chain numbers, the type of linkage bond, and orientation of ester bonds. The results not only demonstrate that these lipids might be promising non-viral gene vectors, but also afford us clues for further optimization of lipidic gene delivery materials.

In order to solve the current problems of cost management in civil engineering industry by using traditional management accounting systems, an effective method of activity-based costing is presented. Activity-based costing has been suggested as the leading contender method to replace traditional cost accounting systems, since its capability can make the processes and activities performed in the organization more transparent and observable. The paper attempts to develop a cost accounting system based on the activity-based costing ideas. The proposed method can provide the useful information to manage total processes in civil engineering. Nine operations are suggested in the proposed method, such as processing, pre-processing, post-processing, moving, and so on. As seen from the result of the case, the proposed method is of efficiency and feasibility.

As one of the new management theory, the value management of civil engineering has gained much attention by a large number of scholars and has achieved some good results. However, civil engineering projects are particularly complex entities involving things such as social, physical, aesthetic and environmental factors, some of which offer unreasonable way of measuring the benefit and cost. There is an increasing demand for providing civil engineering products that satisfy customers' requirements and have relatively low life-cycle costs. Understanding of the relationship between the costs of civil engineering enterprises and the customers' value is the key to the ability of the enterprise to reach its maximum profit. This paper attempts to improve the theory of value management in civil engineering, some management strategies of value management for civil engineering enterprises are proposed.

Through pot experiment to research the influence of different concentrations of compound heavy metals pollution on Pakchoi, Brassica chinensis and Celery growth status and several physiological and biochemical indexes. The test results showed that: with the increasing of pollution concentration, the maximum leaf area, plant height, fresh weight of the overground part, catalase activity, vitamin C content and free proline content were not uniform in three kinds of vegetables. The Pakchoi plant height and leaf area were increased at first, then decreased in the trend, biomass declined; the maximum leaf area, plant height and overground parts of the fresh weight of celery are tending to decline; the Brassica chinensis except plant height erratic, maximum leaf area and fresh weight of the overground parts showed a gradual downward trend; the Proline content increased compared with the control group, and celery’s proline content increased when compound heavy metals concentration increased, but the proline content declined of Pakchoi and Brassica chinensis in high heavy metals concentrations. The vitamin C content were lower than the control group, and celery’s vitamin C decreased with the compound heavy metals concentration increased, there was significant difference between the treatments, but Pakchoi and Brassica chinensis did not show a strong regularity; catalase activity of Celery and Brassica chinensis is lower than the control, but it is strong in Pakchoi.

The morphology and particle size of boehmite play a decisive role on the application of alumina that derived from it. In this paper, we employed pseudoboehmite that produced from Al2 (SO4)3•18H2O and NH3•H2O at 70 °C, pH 7.5 as precursor to synthesize boehmite, and utilized different seeding when preparing pseudoboehmite and boehmite. To identify the influence of seeding on the microstructure of pseudoboehmite and boehmite, the products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and BET. The results indicate that the pseudoboehmite seeding has a significant influence on the morphology and particle size of pseudoboehmite to which we should pay high attention. However, the boehmite seeding does not play the role of crystal nucleus as expected. The further intrinsic mechanism study is ongoing.

MgTa2O6 powders with the tetragonal phase have been synthesized by mixed oxide method at 1100 ºC when the molar ratios of MgO and Ta2O5 increase from 1:1 to 1.2:1. The microwave dielectric properties of sintered MgTa2O6 ceramics without additives at 1400°C for 6h, which consists of tetragonal and orthorhombic phases have been investigated. The results show that the ceramic possesses a dielectric constant of 27.5, a high Q×f value of 156000 GHz and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of 21.6 ppm/°C at 6-10 GHz. Different amounts of CuO has been used as sintering additives to lower the sintering temperature of MgTa2O6 ceramics. The effect of the CuO doping agent on the microstructure, densification and the microwave dielectric properties of MgTa2O6 ceramics has been studied using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and HP8720ES network analyzer. The results indicate that the 1-5 wt. % CuO dopant can lower the sintering temperatures of this materials dramatically. The second phase of CuTa2O6 was found in MgTa2O6 ceramics, which caused the deterioration of Q×f value of the ceramics.

In order to solve the current problems of cost management in manufacturing industry by using traditional management accounting systems, two-stage approach analytical method of activity-based costing is presented. The proposed method allocates indirect costs to products based on cost drivers of various levels. There are many advantages of the proposed method, it can make the production processes more transparent, help to identify production efficiencies, encourages managers to introduce corrective actions, allow the evaluation of corrective actions to be undertaken, reduce costs, and enhance competitiveness of enterprises. A case is analyzed, it is seem that the peoposed method is of efficiency and feasibility.

This study aims to create a college English coursebook corpus of coursebooks widely used in universities in China to form the basis of an analysis. The comparative study based on Cunningsworth [1] coursebook evaluation theory, in view of several checklist items and the adoption of quantitative and qualitative approach, involves: vocabulary size, the coverage of vocabulary and collocations and the readability of texts. The statistics of evaluation show that there is a gap between requirements and coursebooks. It is hoped that the indices examined in this study would be of some help for English teachers to take vocabulary and collocation size and text readability into account in teaching practice and possibly for administrators to adjust curriculum design and for editors or publishers to revise existing coursebooks.

As an important solid tritium breeding ceramic material, Li2TiO3 pebbles with the diameter of 1mm are used in the breeding pebble bed for ITER test blanket module (TBM). Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the densities of Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles accurately. In this paper, Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles with the diameter of about 1mm were prepared by wet method using Li2CO3 and TiO2 as the main raw materials. The shape and microstructure are characterized by SEM technique. Densities of the ceramic pebbles were analyzed by both Archimedes principle and Mercury porosimetry methods. The results show that the density measured by Archimedes principle is higher than reality density, while the density measured by mercury porosimetry is accurate.

Abies fargesiiis an evergreen tree species of the Pinaceae family, one of the most important cultivated timber species, endemic to China. It is of great importance for the maintenance of vegetation landscape and the preservation of endangered animal species. Community regeneration of forest gaps and their effect on A. fargesiiforests in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve were studied based on two-year field survey data. The results show that 1) forest gap regeneration is an important approach for the regeneration of A. fargesiicommunities; regeneration characteristics in the gaps of the broad-leaved species Betula albo-sinensisBurk. and the shade-tolerant species A. fargesiidiffered from those of understory species. 2) A. fargesiiis most predominant in early gap regeneration but, over time, is gradually replaced by other species. Seedlings less than three years old accounted for 45.7% of all seedlings and only 6.3% of saplings older than seven years. 3) In terms of height and basal diameter in different sized gaps, size of seedlings showed the following trend: medium > small > large > understory; the relative growth rate appeared in the same order. 4) The size of seedlings did not appear different between within-gap positions in medium and small gaps, but the tallest seedlings grew in the south of the large gaps and declined towards the center and north edges. 5) Principal component analysis suggests that the most important factors for the growth and distribution of A. fargesiiseedlings decreased in order of gap size, slope direction, gap microenvironment and tree-shrub-grass cover.Abies fargesiiis an evergreen tree species of the Pinaceae family, one of the most important cultivated timber species, endemic to China. It is of great importance for the maintenance of vegetation landscape and the preservation of endangered animal species. Community regeneration of forest gaps and their effect on A. fargesiiforests in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve were studied based on two-year field survey data. The results show that 1) forest gap regeneration is an important approach for the regeneration of A. fargesiicommunities; regeneration characteristics in the gaps of the broad-leaved species Betula albo-sinensisBurk. and the shade-tolerant species A. fargesiidiffered from those of understory species. 2) A. fargesiiis most predominant in early gap regeneration but, over time, is gradually replaced by other species. Seedlings less than three years old accounted for 45.7% of all seedlings and only 6.3% of saplings older than seven years. 3) In terms of height and basal diameter in different sized gaps, size of seedlings showed the following trend: medium > small > large > understory; the relative growth rate appeared in the same order. 4) The size of seedlings did not appear different between within-gap positions in medium and small gaps, but the tallest seedlings grew in the south of the large gaps and declined towards the center and north edges. 5) Principal component analysis suggests that the most important factors for the growth and distribution of A. fargesiiseedlings decreased in order of gap size, slope direction, gap microenvironment and tree-shrub-grass cover.

Abstract: We reported in this study the synthesis, culture of crystal, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography of the 2,4,6-trinitro-trimethylbenzene (TNTM) compound. We found the crystal belongs to the Triclinic system with space group P-1. The compound was also characterized by FT-IR,1H NMR, and MS spectroscopy techniques. Density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP was employed to optimize structure and calculate frequencies of TNTM. The calculated geometrical parameters are close to the corresponding experimental ones. The thermal decomposition of TNTM was investigated by DSC and TG–DTG methods at heating rate 10C/min. The results indicate that TNTM has high heat-resistant ability.1

Abstract 2,3,5-trinitro-p-xylene (TPX) is synthesized by nitration of p-xylene in mixed acid of nitric and sulfuric acid. Single crystal of TPX is cultured from DMF solution using a slow cooling method. The compound is characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and MS techniques. The crystal structure is determined by X-ray4 single-crystal diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system with space group Pn. Its unit cell parameters are as follows: a = 0.8271(2), b = 0.6011(1), c = 1.0487(2) nm, β = 105.42(2)∘, V = 0.50263(2) nm3, Dc = 1.593 g/cm3, Z = 2, F(0 0 0) = 248. The molecular structures of TPX have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G** and B3LYP/6-311G** levels of theory, and its frequencies analysis have also been accomplished at the same level of theory. The thermal decomposition process of the compound was studied using DSC and TG-DTG techniques. The predicted nitro group vibrations with B3LYP/6-311G** calculation considerably agree with the observed frequencies. The calculated results propose that the structural parameters from the theory are close to those of the crystal structure from the experiments.

Two-photon polymerization of a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel structure has been widely applied in biological tissue engineering. For improving the biocompatibility of hydrogel structures, a new kind of ionic carbazole water-soluble photoinitiator was prepared to realize the fabrication of a 3D hydrogel structure in aqueous phase. 3,6-Bis[2-(1-methyl-pyridinium)vinyl]-9-methyl-carbazole diiodide (BMVMC) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) have been employed to generate a complex with better water solubility by host–guest interactions. The binding ratio of the complex was demonstrated to be 1:1 through the characterization of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The two-photon absorption (TPA) cross section of the complex increases to 2500 GM compared with the 750 GM of the BMVMC molecule. Then, an aqueous-phase photoresist was obtained using the CB7/BMVMC complex as the photoinitiator and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGda) as the hydrogel monomer. Two-photon fabrication capability in aqueous phase has been studied using the as-prepared photoresist. A low laser threshold of 3.7 mW as well as a high resolution of 180 nm are achieved. Benefiting from the fluorescence properties of the photoinitiator, we can achieve the confocal fluorescence images without any assistance of fluorescent probes. Subsequently, a 3D engineered hydrogel scaffold microstructure was fabricated by the two-photon polymerization technology, whose biocompatibility was demonstrated by culturing the structure with living cells of L929. The BMVMC–CB7 complex and the as-prepared photoresist are demonstrated to have good biocompatibility, which is prospective for further application in tissue engineering.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a kind of method utilizing hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated by Fenton or Fenton-like reactions in situto kill tumor cells. Copper, a cofactor of many intracellular enzymes, which has good biocompatibility, is a transition metal with extremely high efficiency in the Fenton-like reaction. However, when the intracellular free copper exceeds the threshold, it will bring serious side effects. Hence, we used the chelation between glutathione (GSH) and copper ions to produce a nanocatalytic drug, which was named as Cu–GSSG NPs, to fix free copper. With the aid of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro, Cu–GSSG NPs catalyzed it to •OH radicals, which could be confirmed by the electron spin resonance spectrum and the degradation experiment of methylene blue. Based on these results, we further studied the intracellular properties of Cu–GSSG NPs and found that Cu–GSSG NPs could react with the overexpressed H2O2in tumor cells to produce •OH radicals effectively by the Fenton-like reaction to induce cell death. Therefore, Cu–GSSG NPs could be a kind of potential “green” nanocatalytic drug with good biocompatibility to achieve CDT.

A series of novel triazoloribonucleosides (VII) is synthesized by the route described for the preparation of derivative (VI) and evaluated for antitumor activity.

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