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ABSTRACT Galvanized reinforcement in concrete with 100% OPC and ternary cement (64% OPC + 30% Blast Furnace Slag + 6% Limestone filler) interacting with chloride penetration has been considered as [...]

ABSTRACT This paper presents the main results of the research carried out to analyse the physical, mechanical and durability properties of concrete incorporating recycled aggregate. One of the most unknown [...]

ABSTRACT Recycling of construction and demolition waste (CDW) has become a widespread concern in Spain for the last years, as a way to preserve natural resources and achieve a better [...]

•Seizures are an atypical manifestation of multiple sclerosis.•Epilepsy in MS patients seems to have a benign course.•Cortical atrophy appears to be an important contributor to the development of secondary epilepsy in MS patients.

According to The National Kidney Foundation, 20 million Americans have Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Given the prevalence of conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, it is estimated that an additional [...]

Clinic is a vital part of the dental hygiene curriculum. It is imperative to integrate systems that meet current educational paradigms, determine and attempt to meet the needs of the [...]

Offshore wind energy deployment in the U.S. is expected to increase in the years to come, with proposed wind farm sites located in regions with high risk for tropical cyclones. Yet, the wind turbine design criteria outlined by the International Electrotechnical Commission for extreme events may not account for wind field characteristics unique to tropical cyclones. To evaluate if current design standards capture the extreme conditions of these storms, we perform idealized large‐eddy simulations of five tropical cyclones (two Category 1, two Category 2 (Cat‐2), and one Category 3 (Cat‐3) storms) using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Wind conditions near the eyewall of Cat‐1, Cat‐2, and Cat‐3 storms can exceed current design standards for offshore wind turbines. Winds at 90 m can be faster than outlined in the design criteria for Class I and Class T turbines for 50‐year recurrence periods. Wind speed shear across the turbine rotor layer is also larger than assumed in design specifications. Moreover, vertical variations in wind direction across the turbine rotor layer are large for tropical cyclones of all intensity levels, suggesting design standards should include veer, which can amplify loads in wind turbines. The existence of hurricane wind field characteristics that are not represented in design standards does not imply that damage or failure will certainly occur. Engineering safety factors incorporated in the design of the turbine's blades and structural components may prevent damage from occurring. As offshore wind deployment increases, wind turbines will be built in regions where tropical cyclones can occur (e.g., Gulf of Mexico). However, wind turbine design standards for extreme weather events may underestimate the severe wind conditions in tropical cyclones. We perform high‐fidelity numerical simulations of Category 1, Category 2, and Category 3 storms to compare wind conditions in tropical cyclones with wind turbine design criteria. We find wind conditions in high‐intensity storms can be more severe than expected. Wind speed at turbine heights can be faster and more turbulent than as outlined in the wind models used for wind turbine design. Furthermore, tropical storms evidence large wind veer, which is not accounted for in wind turbine design standards. Simulations of tropical cyclones illustrate the extreme wind conditions that wind turbines may encounter during extreme stormsWind speed shear, wind veer, and gusts during tropical cyclones have characteristics not included in offshore wind turbine design standardsRotor‐layer wind statistics, extracted from high‐fidelity simulation data, support the need to re‐visit wind turbine design standards Simulations of tropical cyclones illustrate the extreme wind conditions that wind turbines may encounter during extreme storms Wind speed shear, wind veer, and gusts during tropical cyclones have characteristics not included in offshore wind turbine design standards Rotor‐layer wind statistics, extracted from high‐fidelity simulation data, support the need to re‐visit wind turbine design standards

Several optical configurations aiming to create images of sub-millimetre objects with magnification from 1 to 100 have been experimentally tested at the ESRF BM5 beamline. A Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) System is used for focusing the beam into a 30 microns spot and then direct projection images are recorded. Some results using a spherical crystal downstream from the KB System are presented. The possibility to focus the synchrotron beam into a 40 microns spot using an spherical crystal in quasi-normal incidence is demonstrated and its use for projection microscopy is discussed.

As sessile organisms, plants cannot escape from adverse conditions and, therefore, they have developed complex responses to the changing environment. Plant responses to abiotic cues involve changes in metabolism, photosynthesis, gene expression, ion levels, etc., and must be perfectly coordinated by phytohormones. The abscisic acid (ABA) is the main phytohormone involved in abiotic stress responses although it is nowadays clear that its signaling pathways are not isolated but interconnected with other hormone signals in complex networks. This article revises molecular mechanisms involved in the crosstalks of ABA with other phytohormones in response to different physiological processes. Moreover, ABA is not a molecule exclusive from plants but it can be found in many other organisms including bacteria, algae, fungi, animals, etc. Interestingly, it can be synthesized and secreted by a variety of human cells. These aspects that confer to the ABA a range of ubiquitous molecule will be also revised in this article.

Pediatric cancer represents 1 to 4 of all cancers worldwide, with the majority of diagnoses in developing countries where mortality remains much higher than that in high-income countries. We sought to describe differences in ethical decision-making at the end of life among an international sample of pediatric oncologists practicing in countries with a variety of income levels and resource settings.

Nowadays, scientists need to work with non-contaminating technologies. Some approaches include the use of multicomponent reactions (MCRs), and solid and reusable catalysts. Through MCRs it is possible to work without isolating intermediate products, so the use of auxiliary solvents is minimized. Furthermore, catalysis by heteropolycompounds is a field of increasing importance worldwide. Heteropolycompounds are effective, reusable and stable solid catalysts that have intrinsic multifunctionality: they can be designed in order to enhance their redox or superacidic properties by varying the atoms in their formula. The present review presents recent advances in the synthesis of organic compounds through multicomponent reactions by using heteropolycompounds as catalysts. Some of these compounds are: dihydropyrimidinones, quinazolinones, naphthol derivatives, pyridines, xanthenones, azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-5-ones, dispiroheterocycles, imidazoles, spirofused heterocycles, and 1,4-dihydropyridines.

The fundamentals of the European construction were only economic until the Unique Act was passed. Then some social aspects were partially incorporated. Several advances in the field of common citizens' [...]

We report the use of V, Bi and Bi-V Keggin structure where Mo is partially replaced by V, Bi, and Bi and V, respectively, in the solvent-free multicomponent synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones by the Biginelli method. The incorporation of V, Bi and Bi-V in the structure of PMo notably increases the catalytic activity. The following correlation between the yields of the 3,4- dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones and the number of acidic sites of the catalysts was observed: PMoBiV > PMoV > PMoBi > PMo. The reaction experiments were performed in the absence of solvent, at 80ºC (1 h). Under these conditions and using the most active catalyst (PMoBiV), twelve examples were obtained with very good yields (80 - 98) and high selectivity. The catalyst was easily recycled and reused without appreciable loss of its catalytic activity. The synthetic method presented is a simple, clean and environmentally friendly alternative for the obtention of substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones.

The polarization of X-rays plays an outstanding role in experimental techniques such as non-resonant magnetic X-ray scattering and resonant X-ray scattering of magnetic and multipolar order. Different instrumental methods applied to synchrotron light can transform its natural polarization into an arbitrary polarization state. Several synchrotron applications, in particular in the field of magnetic and resonant scattering rely on the improvement in the signal/noise ratio or the deeper insight into the ordered state and the scattering process made possible through these polarization techniques. Here, we present the mathematical framework for the description of fully and partially polarized X-rays, with some applications such as linear X-ray polarization analysis for the determination of the scattered beam’s polarization, and the Ge K-edge resonant scattering.

Various supramolecular systems can be used as drug carriers to alter physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of drugs. Representative supramolecular systems that can be used for this purpose include surfactant/polymer micelles, (micro)emulsions, liposomes, layer-by-layer assemblies, and various molecular conjugates. Notably, liposomes are established supramolecular drug carriers, which have already been marketed in formulations including AmBisome® (for treatment of fungal infection), Doxil® (for Kaposi’s sarcoma), and Visudyne® (for age-related macular degeneration and choroidal neovascularization). Microemulsions have been used oral drug delivery of poorly soluble drugs due to improvements in bioavailability and predictable of absorption behavior. Neoral®, an immunosuppressant used after transplant operations, is one of the most famous microemulsion-based drugs. Polymer micelles are being increasingly investigated as novel drug carriers and some formulations have already been tested in clinical trials. Supramolecular systems can be functionalized by designing the constituent molecules to achieve efficient delivery of drugs to desired sites in the body. In this review, representative supramolecular drug delivery systems, that may improve usability of candidate drugs or add value to existing drugs, are introduced.

The abuse of synthetic pesticides in weed management causes serious environmental problems: disruption of ecological balance, harmful effects on human health and higher incidence of herbicide-resistant weeds. Due to this, efforts are being directed to develop new eco-friendly compounds with non-toxic effects and new modes of action. Some plant secondary metabolites are an important source to formulate new bioherbicides. Monoterpenes are one of the largest and most important groups of secondary metabolites, some of which have an already reported phytotoxic activity that makes them interesting as potential bioherbicides. This paper summarizes the proved effects of individual monoterpenes and their mode of action on plant-plant interactions.

Information concerning structured treatment interruptions (STI) of the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and the associated risk of this strategy for selecting antiretroviral resistance in children is scarce. In this study, we have searched for antiretroviral resistance mutations at the end of five viral rebounds of two HIV-1-infected children who underwent an STI program. The HAART of two children with HIV and a chronically undetectable viral load (VL) was interrupted for 4 weeks and then restarted and continued for 12 weeks for three cycles. VL, CD4/CD8 lymphocytes, and clinical status were evaluated at the end of each STI and at 6 and 12 weeks after HAART was resumed. Treatment of both the patients based on AZT3TCRTV remained identical during the study. The reverse transcriptase (RT)- and protease (PR)-coding regions were sequenced searching for antiretroviral resistance mutations at the end of each viral rebound. Genotyping analysis was performed using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database (HIV-DB). One patient experienced progressively lower viral rebounds (269000-31300 at the first and third rebounds, respectively), while the other patient did not experience such a reduction, and the VL of both the patients fell to undetectable levels during therapy. In the five viral rebounds examined, no mutations for major or minor resistance to protease inhibitors (PIs) were found and the analysis indicated susceptibility to all PIs currently in clinical use. Although the mutation K103R associated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance was found in two viral rebounds of one patient, the analysis indicated the absence of resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors in all the sequences evaluated. As no mutation related to antiretroviral resistance was found, our results suggest that the STI program used in this study may have a low risk of selecting antiretroviral resistance. Nevertheless, further studies evaluating larger cohorts over longer periods, and above all, controlled clinical trials, are required before definitive conclusions about the safety of STI of HAART in children may be drawn.

Novel demultiplexer configurations based on concatenated Mach-Zehnders and a ring resonator are presented. These new devices exhibit high channel isolation, flexibility, no loss, and megahertz-adjustable full width at half maximum (FWHM) suitable for narrow channel spacing. General design equations are described. Examples of a 1×4-2.5-GHzdemultiplexer and a 2.5-GHz/5-GHz interleaver are reported. These designs have channel isolation >40 dB,128 MHz FWHM, 10 dB gain. These devices can be conveniently implemented using the silicon or InP integrated optic technologies. A fabrication tolerance analysis is carried out. The worst figures for the previous designs are 220 MHz FWHM, 23-dB channel isolation, and 5.7-dB gain and can be readjusted with a gain control. © 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Aqueous mixtures of photosensitive and inert surfactants have been prepared; photoreactions and changes in aggregation after irradiation have been characterized. The photosensitive component was a stilbene-containing gemini photosurfactant (E-SGP), and the inert surfactants were either DTAB (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide) or one of two different gemini surfactants, 12-4-12 or 16-4-16 (butanediyl-1,4-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) or butanediyl-1,4-bis(hexadecyldimethylammonium bromide)). Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies revealed that in general the initial nonirradiated mixed systems form vesicle-type aggregates (100−200 Å radius), in equilibrium with some smaller charged spheroidal or ellipsoidal micelles (~20 Å radius). In all cases, UV irradiation resulted in disruption of these vesicles and the formation of charged micelles. ¹H NMR showed that the main photoproduct is the cis, anti, cis dimer of E-SGP (ZEZ-DiSGP); hence, photochemically induced changes in the reactive SGP drive significant changes in the preferred aggregation structure. These results demonstrate the utility of photoactive surfactants in mixtures with inert analogues.

A photodestructible surfactant, sodium 4-hexylphenylazosulfonate (C6-PAS), has been introduced to AOT-stabilized water-in-heptane microemulsions. Proton NMR spectra show that C6-PAS undergoes UV-induced decomposition, to yield a mixture of 4-hexylphenol and hexylbenzene. The photostationary state was determined by ¹H NMR, indicating that nearly 90% of the initial photosurfactant had been destroyed, yielding non-surface-active hexylbenzene as the main product. This phototriggered breakdown gives rise to changes in adsorption and aggregation properties of C6-PAS, representing a novel route to induce microemulsion destabilization. When a series of microemulsions containing different amounts of C6-PAS were exposed to UV light, part of the dispersed water phase-separated. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to follow the resulting UV-induced shrinkage of the water nanodroplets:  a maximum volume decrease was found to be in the order of 60−70%. Kinetic SANS studies were also carried out in order to follow the changes in aggregation as a function of UV irradiation time. Multicontrast SANS experiments gave further insight; for example, it was demonstrated that the shell thickness remained constant. This study represents the first example of light-induced microemulsion destabilization.

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic ability of a new perimetric procedure in glaucoma.Methods Pulsar perimeter shows white circular sinusoidal grating patterns with decreasing amplitude, 5° in diameter, 500 msec in duration in 66 locations. The stimuli scale combines spatial resolution and contrast. The stimuli were shown with centrifugal wave motion at 8 cyl/deg (K6W) or pulse at 30 Hz (T30W). Fifty-six normal eyes and 82 eyes with ocular hypertension and mild glaucoma were included. These 82 cases were classified into four levels of diagnostic certainty, from 0 (ocular hypertension) to 3 (mild glaucoma).Results Mean examination time was 3:49 min. Specificity was 96.4% (T30W) and 94.6% (K6W). Sensitivities for levels 0 and 3 were 34.5% to 100% (T30W) and 24.1% to 75% (K6W). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve areas for T30W at levels 1, 2, and 3 were 0.88, 0.94, and 0.99. The ROC areas for K6W were 0.83, 0.91, and 0.97. There was good correlation between both Pulsar perimetries (r=0.88), but it was lower with conventional perimetry (r=0.58 for T30W and r=0.59 for K6W).Conclusions The novel Pulsar T30W perimetry may be helpful for the study of mild glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

The shadow monochromatic backlighting (SMB) scheme, a modification of the well-known soft X-ray monochromatic backlighting scheme, is proposed. It is based on a spherical crystal as the dispersive element and extends the traditional scheme by allowing one to work with a wide range of Bragg angles and thus in a wide spectral range. The advantages of the new scheme are demonstrated experimentally and supported numerically by ray-tracing simulations. In the experiments, the X-ray backlighter source is a laser-produced plasma, created by the interaction of an ultrashort pulse, Ti:Sapphire laser (120 fs, 3–5 mJ, 1016 W/cm2 on target) or a short wavelength XeCl laser (10 ns, 1–2 J, 1013 W/cm2 on target) with various solid targets (Dy, Ni + Cr, BaF2). In both experiments, the X-ray sources are well localized spatially (~20 μm) and are spectrally tunable in a relatively wide wavelength range (λ = 8–15 Å). High quality monochromatic (δλ/λ ~ 10−5–10−3) images with high spatial resolution (up to ~4 μm) over a large field of view (a few square millimeters) were obtained. Utilization of spherically bent crystals to obtain high-resolution, large field, monochromatic images in a wide range of Bragg angles (35° < Θ < 90°) is demonstrated for the first time.

In order to determine the existence of glomerular lesions in Saimiri boliviensis, renal biopsies were performed in 20 clinically healthy animals of similar age and both sexes. Biopsies were obtained by laparotomy with a Tru-Cut biopsy needle. Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis characterized by an increased number of mesangial cells and increased mesangial matrix was present in 35% of the animals. Proliferative glomerulonephritis characterized by increased numbers of epithelial and endothelial cells with narrowed capillary lumen, and membranous glomerulonephritis characterized by diffuse thickening, wrinkling, and occasional lamellation of basement membranes, were present in 15% of the samples. Ultrastructural features included increased mesangial matrix, fusion of the visceral epithelial foot processes, thickened glomerular basement membranes, and incipient lamellation. Immunohistochemical examination revealed granular deposits of immunoglobulin M in the cytoplasm of mesangial cells and in the mesangial matrix in 50% of the samples.

We have characterized the unfolding energetics of ribonuclease a and hen egg white lysozyme as a function of temperature, pH and concentration of several cosolvents (sucrose, glucose, glycerol, polyethyleneglycol 8000) that are expected to be preferentially excluded from the surface of native proteins, and we have calculated the corresponding unfolding changes in preferential hydration (ΔΓ21) at 25°C. We find no significant cosolvent concentration effect on the unfolding enthalpy and heat capacity values, which suggests that the cosolvents do not interact strongly with the proteins at the comparatively low cosolvent concentrations employed in this work. In spite of this, the ΔΓ21 values are significantly smaller than theoretical estimates of the unfolding change in the number of water molecules corresponding to first monolayer coverage (ΔN1), even when, for the purpose of the ΔN1 calculation, the solvent accessibility in the unfolded state is modelled on the basis of compact fragments extracted from folded protein structures (T. P. Creamer, R. Srinivasan and G. D. Rose, Biochemistry, 1997, 36, 2832). An analysis in terms of the two-domain (local-bulk) solvent model shows that the low values found for ΔΓ21 could be the result of the entrance of rather small amounts of cosolvent in the local domain of the native and/or the unfolded protein. In general, the two-domain model suggests that even a weak protein–cosolvent interaction may significantly distort the membrane-free, osmotic stress estimates of the number of water molecules involved in protein conformational changes.

In an attempt to obtain the basic data necessary in research into the possible use of papaverine in sustained action formulas in the form of complexes with Montmorillonite, the "in vitro" adsorption and desorption of the drug as a function of different factor was studied.The study of the interaction and adsorption mechanisms was carried out by adsorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction and I.R. spectroscopy.The adsorption of papaverine by Montmorillonite increases with the rise in pH of the solution, within the pH range studied (2-4) in agreement with the solubility of the compound. According to the isotherms, adsorption increases with the concentration of the solution up to 79.16 mEq/100 g (very close to the exchange capacity of the clay). The data fulfill Langmuir's equation, implying a chemical adsorption mechanism.The results of the X-ray diffraction and I.R. spectroscopy studies confirm the intercalation of the organic cation into the interlayer space of montmorillonite, forming a complex of defined spacing (17.66 Å (DL = 8.06 Å)). The studies revealed that cation exchange is the mechanism responsible for this interaction.The "in vitro" desorption studies showed that the amount of papaverine desorbed from the complex depends on the pH of the solution, on its ionic strength, on the presence of free drug and on the elimination rate of the desorbed complex; in all cases, desorption was seen to be very low.In general, release of the drug follows a single first order kinetic process with a rapid initial desorption of the drug.

Presented here is a modification in the adjustment for refractive-index nonlinear regression through a Sellmeier expansion. It is free of the deficiencies inherent in the earlier nonlinear method and notably improves the adjustment without excessively complicating the mathematical procedures. The method is applied to CdS with the object of comparing the results with those obtained previously. In this manner, the best adjustment has been found for CdS dispersion. It has also allowed a physical explanation of some adjustment parameters.

The marine product variabilin was identified as a novel inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which exhibited IC50 values of 6.9 microM and 7.9 microM for human synovial secretory PLA2 and U937 cells cytosolic PLA2 activities, respectively. This compound was less potent on bee venom or zymosan-injected rat air pouch enzymes and failed to affect Naja naja venom PLA2. The production of leukotriene B4 by human neutrophils stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187 was also inhibited by variabilin, which was without effect on 5-lipoxygenase, cyclo-oxygenase 1 and cyclo-oxygenase 2 activities in cell-free assays. Other functions of human neutrophils, such as degranulation and superoxide generation, were also significantly reduced in vitro. Variabilin administered topically suppressed the mouse ear edema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, whereas the ear edema induced by arachidonic acid was unaffected; this suggests an action previous to arachidonic acid metabolism. This compound administered p.o. at 30 mg/kg and 45 mg/kg significantly inhibited mouse paw edema induced by carrageenan and, at 0.01 to 1.0 micromol/pouch in the mouse air pouch injected with zymosan, exerted a marked inhibition on PGE2 and leukotriene B4 levels in exudates (ID50 values of approximately 0.028-0.029 micromol/pouch), without affecting cell migration. Our results indicate that variabilin is an inhibitor of human secretory and cytosolic PLA2 activities that controls eicosanoid production in vitro and in vivo, inhibits neutrophil degranulation and superoxide generation in vitro and shows anti-inflammatory activity after topical or p.o. administration to mice.

We studied the factors that influence the catalytic hydrolysis of phosmet (0,0, dimethyl, S-(N-phthalimidomethyl) dithiophosphate) by montmorillonite and also the hydrolysis mechanism. The catalytic activity of montmorillonite depends on the nature of the interlayer exchange cation and on the total or tetrahedral layer charge of the silicate; both factors condition the accessibility of the organic molecule to the exchangeable cation for the formation of interlayer complexes. The half-life of phosmet in an aqueous solution at pH 6 is 500-fold greater in the system free of clay than in the presence of Ca-montmorillonite. We compare the catalytic activity of the cations as montmorillonite exchangeable cations and as salts. The process of hydrolysis in the presence of montmorillonite takes place in two stages, both of first-order kinetics, of different hydrolysis rates, the first stage having a high hydrolysis rate of short duration, and the second having a slow and continuous hydrolysis rate. The bidentate complex formed by phosmet and the interlayer exchangeable cations, discussed in an earlier publication by the authors, must be the cause of hydrolysis. This interaction must enhance the electrophilic nature of the phosphorus atom, thus facilitating its nucleophilic attack by the OH-ion, producing P-S bond fission.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has become an invaluable diagnostic tool with important clinical implications in both opportunistic infections and the pulmonary pathology of immunologic disease. Until recently, the use of BAL was limited primarily to two areas: the study of interstitial lung diseases and the diagnosis of lung infections by opportunistic microorganisms in severely immunocompromised patients with lung infiltrates. Over the past decade, the use of BAL has been expanded to include the conventional diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in non-immunocompromised patients. In the past, different clinical studies proposed using BAL to quantify cultures in the sample obtained as a means of increasing the tool's effectiveness. Recent developments have led to a number of newer applications of BAL, such as bronchoscopic BAL, non-bronchoscopic BAL and protected BAL. The most important use of BAL in the non-immunocompromised patient is the diagnosis of pneumonia in the mechanically ventilated patient.

Summary. This is a retrospective study of 19 cases of subtalar dislocation treated in our Department during the last 15 years. The average age of the patients was 31, and the majority were male (63%). Medial dislocations predominated (84%) and 37% were open. Associated osteocartilaginous lesions were very frequent and affected 13 patients (68%). Surgery was required for all the open injuries and for 2 of the closed dislocations. Closed reduction was impossible in one, and another required surgery to treat an associated vascular injury. Seventeen of the 19 patients were reviewed after an average of 7.9 years. The results were good in 6, fair in another 6, and poor in the remaining 5. The results of all the open lesions was only fair or poor. Four patients needed a triple arthrodesis. Factors resulting in a poor result were open lesions, associated bone lesions, and prolonged immobilization.:

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is an idiosyncratic reaction associated with the use of neuroleptic drugs. We report a case of this rare syndrome in a head injury patient associated with some unusual features: rhabdomyolysis with a high level of creatine kinase, the development of acute renal failure, the early use of continuous venovenous haemofiltration in treatment and rigidity that was refractory to conventional treatment with dantrolene and bromocriptine. The diagnosis in patients with multiple injuries must be based on a high index of suspicion.

The D*s0(2317)D and D*s1(2460)D* heavy meson systems can exchange a kaon that is emitted in the S-wave due to the opposite intrinsic parity of the D*s0(D*s1) and D(D*) mesons. As a consequence of the mass difference of the D*s0(D*s1) and D(D*) mesons, the range of the kaon exchange potential will be significantly longer than expected, corresponding to an effective mass of about 200 MeV. The potential will be very strong: the strength of the interaction is proportional to (mDs0-mD)²/f2p and (mDs1-mD*)²/f2p. This combination of range and strength almost guarantees the existence of D*s0(2317)D and D*s1(2460)D* bound states with JP=0- and JP=0-, 2-, respectively. Concrete calculations indicate a binding energy of 5-15 MeV independently of JP. The D*s0(2317)D and D*s1(2460)D* molecules have manifestly exotic flavor quantum numbers: C=2, S=1, and I=1/2. We expect the existence of bottom counterparts composed of the BBs0 and B*B*s1 mesons, which will be more bound and have a richer spectrum that might include a shallow P-wave state and an excited S-wave state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new cytotoxic 3,6-disubstituted indoles (1−3) were isolated from the mycelium of a strain identified as Streptomyces sp. (BL-49-58-005), which was separated from a Mexican marine invertebrate, and their structures established by analysis of NMR and mass spectral data. GI50 values for 1 and 2 in cytotoxic bioassays against a panel of 14 different tumor cell lines were estimated at micromolar range, while compound 3 showed no activity in the same assays.