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We present a novel framework to efficiently acquire anisotropic reflectance in a pixel-independent fashion, using a deep gated mixture-of-experts. While existing work employs a unified network to handle all possible input, our network automatically learns to condition on the input for enhanced reconstruction. We train a gating module that takes photometric measurements as input and selects one out of a number of specialized decoders for reflectance reconstruction, essentially trading generality for quality. A common pre-trained latent-transform module is also appended to each decoder, to offset the burden of the increased number of decoders. In addition, the illumination conditions during acquisition can be jointly optimized. The effectiveness of our framework is validated on a wide variety of challenging near-planar samples with a lightstage. Compared with the state-of-the-art technique, our quality is improved with the same number of input images, and our input image number can be reduced to about 1/3 for equal-quality results. We further generalize the framework to enhance a state-of-the-art technique on non-planar reflectance scanning.

ABSTRACTIn order to protect and promote the effective differentiation and rational utilization of grape germplasm resources, 34 grapevine varieties were selected from the National Germplasm Resources, Taigu Grape Nursery in China: 12 wine grapes (Group I), 14 table grapes (Group II) and 12 seedless grapes (Group III), 4 of which were in Group II, too. For the purpose of genetic characterization, 15 pairs of SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers were used. Sixty-six alleles were generated among Group I, including 64 polymorphic bands, with 1–8 alleles per locus. In Group II, a total of 54 alleles, from 1 to 8 (3.6 on average) alleles per locus, were identified. In Group III, 54 alleles with an average of 3.6 alleles per locus were identified and the percentage of polymorphic alleles was 94%. The 34 varieties clustered into two major clades in the dendrogram: V. viniferawith hybrid of V. viniferaand V. labruscaor hybrid of V. amurensisiand V. viniferawere clearly differentiated. After processing and filtering the raw data, we produced the molecular fingerprint code of each variety. These results showed that the SSR markers are useful for discrimination and analysis of genetic diversity of grapevine varieties. The SSR markers could be used to examine and distinguish the genetic resources among closely related varieties. This is also an effective tool for construction of a grapevine molecular fingerprinting system. The obtained data will be useful in grape breeding in the future.

Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) system is a recently identified ubiquitin-like modification with essential biological functions. Similar to ubiquitination, the covalent conjugation of UFM1 (UFMylation) to target proteins involves a three-step enzymatic cascade catalyzed sequentially by UFM1-activating enzyme 5 (UBA5, E1), UFM1-conjugating enzyme 1 (UFC1, E2), and UFM1-specific ligase 1 (UFL1, E3). Here, we provide an optimized protocol adapted to previously reported methods for detecting the UFMylation of target protein in human cells and in vitroassays,respectively, with high reliability and reproducibility.

The author discusses the adjustment of the economic structure of China to world standards following its recovery from the recession. It notes that the industrial production is linked to the demands of the world market. Cell phones manufactured in the country in 2008 were labeled with international brands like Apple, Motorola and Siemens. The country has maintained its low cost for labor that did not allow it to invest in technology which would have been more profitable.