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In this study, biomimetic 3D porous hybrid scaffolds were prepared from GC matrix with subsequent doping of SeHA and GaHA nanocrystals through a bioinspired wet-chemical precipitation method. The concentration of Se and Ga ions varied with Se/P and Ga/Ca molar ratio of 1 mol.%, 2.5 mol.% and 5 mol.%. The physicochemical evaluation showed that the scaffolds were hydrophilic, biodegradable and exhibited a porous network. The combined analytical results clearly show that both Se and Ga ions were successfully nucleated along the HA nanocrystals. All the scaffold groups were calcium deficient and non-hemolytic with profound anti-infection properties. Cytocompatibility results showed that both GC-SeHA and GC-GaHA scaffolds had cell recognition functions offering selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells but not towards normal cells with the ability to induce angiogenesis. To conclude, Se and Ga concentration below 2.5 mol.% can provide good morphological and crystallographic features with tunable mechanical, antibacterial and osteogenic properties.

The utility of plant tissues as scaffolding materials has been gaining significant interest in recent years owing to their unique material characteristics that are ideal for tissue regeneration. In this study, the degradation and biocompatibility of natural cellulosic scaffolds derived from Borassus flabellifer(Linn.) (BF) immature endosperm was improved by chemical oxidation and surface functionalization processes. Briefly, thus obtained cellulosic scaffolds were sequentially processed via a detergent exchange decellularization process followed by sodium periodate mediated oxidation and organosilane-based surface modification using amino (NH2)-terminated 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and methyl (CH3)-terminated octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). Post oxidation and surface functionalization, the scaffolds showed improved physiochemical, morphological, and mechanical properties. Especially, the swelling capacity, total porosity, surface area, degradation kinetics, and mechanical behavior of scaffold were significantly higher in modified scaffold groups. The biocompatibility analysis demonstrated excellent cellular adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts with an evident upregulation of mineralization. Subcutaneous implantation of these scaffolds in a rat model demonstrated active angiogenesis, enhanced degradation, and excellent biocompatibility with concomitant deposition of a collagen matrix. Taken together, the native cellulosic scaffolds post chemical oxidation and surface functionalization can exclusively integrate the potential properties of native soft tissue with ameliorated in vitroand in vivosupport in bone tissue engineering for nonloading bearing applications.

The clinical use of honey has gained significant importance in regenerative medicine owing to its constructive properties that abets the rapid healing of broad-spectrum of injuries. The salient characteristics of honey are attributable to its active ingredients which include sugars, enzymes and vitamins. Moreover, the evidence based results exert that honey acts in synergy with its immunologic modulators and physiologic mediators in multitude of signalling pathways and molecular targets offering beneficial vigor effects in wound healing. The aim of this present study is to systematically review the literature in PubMed database in order to identify the available pre-clinical results in support to rational use of honey in wound management. The results revealed that the active biomolecules of honey assisted in improved autolytic debridement and tissue granulation. This review highlights the physiological basis for the use of honey in wound healing, its current pre-clinical uses and its future recommendations.