Search

Copyright of Changement is the property of Solutions by HANDELSBLATT MEDIA GROUP GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Open Educational Resources (OER) haben das Potential, die Hochschullehre zu verbessern und flexibles und selbstgesteuertes Lernen zu ermöglichen. Bibliotheken öffnen den Zugang zu Bildungsressourcen und können den Nutzenden auch OER im Kontext weiterer Inhalte anbieten. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Rolle von Hochschulbibliotheken während der COVID-19-Pandemie zur Nutzung, Verbreitung und Erstellung von OER in der informationswissenschaftlichen Hochschullehre. Insbesondere sollen Gründe für die Nutzung und Nichtnutzung von OER identifiziert werden, um auf dieser Basis Empfehlungen abzuleiten. Mit der vorliegenden Studie werden anhand einer Umfrage aktuelle Ergebnisse zur Nutzung von OER an (n=56) LIS-Hochschulen und deren Institutsleitungen erhoben. Die Ergebnisse mit Befunden aus 23 Ländern zeigen, dass wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken während der Krisensituation flexibel und innovativ ihre Serviceangebote aufrechterhalten haben. Dennoch ist eine Weiterentwicklung bezüglich der Unterstützung zur Entwicklung, Verbreitung und Kuration von OER noch kaum erkenntlich. Bibliotheken bieten zwar das Potential, Lehrkräfte und Studierende bei der Nutzung digitaler Lehrmaterialen zu begleiten und zu beraten. Häufig aber zeigen sich die Grenzen dieser Aufgaben in der Doppelrolle der Einrichtungen, parallel Innovationsschübe für die Digitalisierung an Hochschulen zu leisten.

Die Coronapandemie hat einen hohen Bedarf an Informationen ausgelöst. Gleichzeitig wurde eine große Menge an Wissenschaftsinformationen über verschiedene Kanäle verbreitet, darunter häufig auch über Social Media. Somit entstanden für die Forschung zum Informationsverhalten neue Chancen zur Beobachtung von Nutzenden, aber auch neue methodische Herausforderungen, dieses Verhalten mit dem sonstigen Konsum von Nachrichten und Wissenschaftskommunikation in Bezug zu setzen. Es wird ein Mixed-Methods-Ansatz aus einer Befragung zur Nutzung und Bewertung von Informationsquellen kombiniert mit Beobachtungen aus einer Nutzungsstudie vorgestellt Für diese wurden in einem Experiment Ergebnislisten verschiedener Web- und Videosuchen als Ausgangspunkt genutzt, um Auswahlmethoden und Qualitätskriterien für Wissenschaftskommunikate zu ermitteln. Beide methodischen Ansätze zeigten, dass die Seriosität und die Bekanntheit einer Quelle eine dominierende Rolle bei Auswahlentscheidungen spielen.

ABSTRACTModeling text in a numerical representation is a prime task for any Natural Language Processing downstream task such as text classification. This paper attempts to study the effectiveness of text representation schemes on the text classification task, such as aggressive text detection, a special case of Hate speech from social media. Aggression levels are categorized into three predefined classes, namely: ‘Non-aggressive’ (NAG), ‘Overtly Aggressive’ (OAG), and ‘Covertly Aggressive’ (CAG). Various text representation schemes based on BoW techniques, word embedding, contextual word embedding, sentence embedding on traditional classifiers, and deep neural models are compared on a text classification problem. The weighted score is used as a primary evaluation metric. The results show that text representation using Googles’ universal sentence encoder (USE) performs better than word embedding and BoW techniques on traditional classifiers, such as SVM, while pre-trained word embedding models perform better on classifiers based on the deep neural models on the English dataset. Recent pre-trained transfer learning models like Elmo, ULMFi, and BERT are fine-tuned for the aggression classification task. However, results are not at par with the pre-trained word embedding model. Overall, word embedding using pre-trained fastText vectors produces the best weighted -score than Word2Vec and Glove. On the Hindi dataset, BoW techniques perform better than word embeddings on traditional classifiers such as SVM. In contrast, pre-trained word embedding models perform better on classifiers based on the deep neural nets. Statistical significance tests are employed to ensure the significance of the classification results. Deep neural models are more robust against the bias induced by the training dataset. They perform substantially better than traditional classifiers, such as SVM, logistic regression, and Naive Bayes classifiers on the Twitter test dataset.

The internet encompasses a large number of documents to which search engines try to provide access. Even for many narrow topics and potential information needs there are often many web pages online. The user of a web search engine would prefer the best pages to be returned. Web search engines and information retrieval research have responded to this need and developed systems for quality assessment. This paper gives an overview on common algorithms used for this task and discusses new research directions which try to improve the results of quality assessment.

This report gives an overview on the Forum for Information Retrieval Evaluation (FIRE) initiative for South-Asian languages1. The FIRE conference was conducted online in December 2020. The event combined a conference including keynotes, peer reviewed paper session with an Evaluation Forum. This report will present an overview of the conference and provide insights into the evaluation tracks. Current domains include legal information access, mixed script information retrieval, semantic analysis and social media posts classification. The tasks are discussed and connections to other evaluation initiatives are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective.To assess pulmonary function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development over time in patients with primary Sjo¨gren syndrome (pSS), as well as the association between pulmonary function, radiographic findings, respiratory symptoms, and clinical features of pSS, taking cigarette consumption into account.Methods.Forty patients with pSS (mean age 66 yrs; range 42–81 yrs; 39 women), previously participating in a cross-sectional study on pulmonary involvement in pSS, were reassessed by pulmonary function tests after a mean follow-up time of 6 years. At follow-up, patients were also assessed by high-resolution computed tomography of the chest, as well as for pSS disease activity, respiratory symptoms, and cigarette consumption.Results.Patients with pSS showed significantly decreased percentages of predicted total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), RV/TLC ratio, and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, as well as an increase in predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second/vital capacity (FEV1/VC) ratio from baseline to follow-up. The proportion of COPD in patients with pSS did not change significantly from baseline to follow-up (38% vs 40%, respectively). Radiographic signs of bronchial involvement and interstitial lung disease were each found in 38% of the patients.Conclusion.Both airway and pulmonary parenchymal disease were commonly found in patients with pSS, with a coexistence of both an obstructive and restrictive pulmonary function pattern, where the latter tended to deteriorate over time. COPD was a common finding. Airway and pulmonary involvement may be underdiagnosed in pSS, which is why special attention to clinical assessment of pulmonary involvement in patients with pSS is mandated.

Kryptowährungen gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung und ihr Handel unterliegt großen Wertschwankungen. Erfolgreiche Händler müssen sich aus zahlreichen Quellen informieren und Daten analysieren. Wir präsentieren ein prototypisches System, das aus Twitter die Nachrichten zu Kryptowährungen filtert und anschließend in einer graphischen und interaktiven Oberfläche darstellt. Der Beitrag zeigt beispielhaft, wie mit der offenen ElasticSearch Technologie eine Datenvisualisierung entwickelt werden kann. Zwei Interviews mit Domänenexperten weisen auf Schwächen und Stärken des Systems hin.

In sozialen Medien finden sich sehr oft aggressive und hasserfüllte Posts. Deren automatische Erkennung ist wünschenswert und wird derzeit intensiv erforscht. Die Qualität der entsprechenden Algorithmen muss laufend bewertet werden. Der Artikel berichtet von Evaluierungsergebnissen und den Herausforderungen im Rahmen der HASOC Initiative 2019. Davor werden die neuronale Netzwerk-Architekturen wie beispielsweise BERT eingeführt, die derzeit die besten Ergebnisse liefern.

Social media platforms that disseminate scientific information to the public during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of the topic of scientific communication. Content creators in the field, as well as researchers who study the impact of scientific information online, are interested in how people react to these information resources. This study aims to devise a framework that can sift through large social media datasets and find specific feedback to content delivery, enabling scientific content creators to gain insights into how the public perceives scientific information, and how their behavior toward science communication (e.g., through videos or texts) is related to their information-seeking behavior. To collect public reactions to scientific information, the study focused on Twitter users who are doctors, researchers, science communicators, or representatives of research institutes, and processed their replies for two years from the start of the pandemic. The study aimed in developing a solution powered by topic modeling enhanced by manual validation and other machine learning techniques, such as word embeddings, that is capable of filtering massive social media datasets in search of documents related to reactions to scientific communication. The architecture developed in this paper can be replicated for finding any documents related to niche topics in social media data.

Objectives: To evaluate how radiographic damage, overall and measured as joint space narrowing score (JSNS) and erosion score (ES), as well as other clinical and laboratory measures, relate to disability and pain in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: An inception cohort of 233 patients with early RA, recruited in 1995–2005, was followed for 5 years. Disability was assessed with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and pain with a visual analogue scale (VAS; 0–100 mm). Radiographs of hands and feet were evaluated using the Sharp-van der Heijde score (SHS), including JSNS and ES. The relation for radiographic scores and other clinical parameters with pain and HAQ were evaluated cross-sectionally by multivariate linear regression analysis and over time using generalized estimating equations. Results: ES was significantly associated with HAQ cross-sectionally at inclusion, after 2 and after 5 years, and over time. Associations for HAQ with SHS and JSNS were weaker and less consistent compared with those for ES. There was no association between radiographic scores and pain at any visit. Both HAQ and pain were associated with parameters of disease activity. The strongest cross-sectional associations were found for the number of tender joints (adjusted p<0.001 at all visits). Conclusion: Joint damage was associated with disability already in early RA. Erosions of hands and feet appear to have a greater influence on disability compared with joint space narrowing early in the disease. Pain was associated with other factors than joint destruction in early RA, in particular joint tenderness—suggesting an impact of pain sensitization.

Digitale Arbeitsplätze führen zu einem tiefgehenden Wandel. Dies gilt nicht nur für technologische Neuerungen. Mit der Digitalisierung gehen Änderungen in der Unternehmens- und Kommunikationskultur einher. Diese werden in der Literatur häufig beschrieben, aber entscheidend erscheint die Perspektive der Unternehmen selbst. In welchen Situationen gelingt die Digitalisierung nicht? Welche Prozesse werden als besonders anspruchsvoll und schwierig empfunden? Wie können am schnellsten Fortschritte erzielt werden? Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Durchführung und die Ergebnisse einer Fokusgruppe, die mit Führungskräften realisiert wurde, welche den Wandel durch Digitalisierung täglich erleben und gestalten. Sie sahen die wesentlichsten Hürden in den Bereichen Informationssysteme und Integration, Strukturen im Informationsmanagement sowie Führungskultur im Unternehmen.

Altered microbial composition of the intestine, commonly referred to as dysbiosis, has been associated with several autoimmune diseases including primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). The aims of the current study were to study the intestinal microbial balance in pSS and to identify clinical features associated with dysbiosis. Forty-two consecutive pSS patients and 35 age-matched and sex-matched control subjects were included in the study in an open clinic setting. Stool samples were analyzed for intestinal dysbiosis using a validated 16S rRNA-based microbiota test (GA-map™ Dysbiosis Test; Genetic Analysis, Oslo, Norway). Dysbiosis and severe dysbiosis were defined in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Patients were evaluated with regard to disease activity (European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) and Clinical ESSDAI (ClinESSDAI)). In addition, patients were examined for laboratory and serological features of pSS as well as fecal calprotectin levels. Furthermore, patients were investigated regarding patient-reported outcomes for pSS (EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI)) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms according to the Rome III criteria. Severe dysbiosis was more prevalent in pSS patients in comparison to controls (21 vs 3%; p= 0.018). Subjects with pSS and severe dysbiosis had higher disease activity as evaluated by the ESSDAI total score (13 vs 5; p= 0.049) and the ClinESSDAI total score (12 vs 5; p= 0.049), lower levels of complement component 4 (0.11 vs 0.17 g/L; p= 0.004), as well as higher levels of fecal calprotectin (110 vs 33 μg/g; p= 0.001) compared to the other pSS patients. In contrast, severe dysbiosis among pSS patients was not associated with disease duration, IBS-like symptoms, or the ESSPRI total score. Severe intestinal dysbiosis is a prevalent finding in pSS and is associated both with clinical and laboratory markers of systemic disease activity as well as gastrointestinal inflammation. Further studies are warranted to elucidate a potential causative link between dysbiosis and pSS.

Smoking is reported to affect the risk of a number of chronic disorders, including rheumatic diseases. Previous cross-sectional studies have shown a lower frequency of smoking in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of smoking and socioeconomic status on the risk of subsequent diagnosis of pSS in a nested case-control study. Participants in two large population-based health surveys who were later diagnosed with pSS were identified through linkage with the Malmö Sjögren’s Syndrome Register. Matched controls were obtained from the health surveys. Sixty-three patients with pSS with pre-diagnostic data from the health surveys were identified. Current smoking was associated with a significantly lower risk of later being diagnosed with pSS (odds ratio (OR) 0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.6). Furthermore, former smoking was associated with an increased risk of subsequent pSS diagnosis (OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.8–8.8) compared to never smoking. Similar results were found in a sub-analysis of patients with reported symptom onset after inclusion in the health surveys. Socioeconomic status and levels of formal education had no significant impact on the risk of later being diagnosed with pSS. In this nested case-control study, current smoking was associated with a reduced risk of subsequent diagnosis of pSS. In addition, former smoking was associated with an increased risk. Whether this reflects a biological effect of cigarette smoking or other mechanisms should be further investigated in future studies.

This is a report on the eighth edition of the Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (CLEF 2017), held in early September 2017, in Dublin, Ireland. CLEF was a four day event combining a Conference and an Evaluation Forum. The Conference featured keynotes by Leif Azzopardi and Vincent Wade, and presentation of 32 peer reviewed research papers covering a wide range of topics. The Evaluation Forum consisted to eight Labs and two workshops: eHealth, ImageCLEF, LifeCLEF, NEWSREEL, PAN, Cultural Microblog Contextualization, Early Risk Prediction on the Internet, Dynamic Search for Complex Tasks, Personalised Information Retrieval at CLEF, and Multimodal Spatial Role Labelling addressing a wide range of tasks, media, languages, and ways to go beyond standard test collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Im Rahmen des unter der Programmschiene Erasmus+ von der Europäischen Union geförderten Projekts „Information Literacy Online“ (ILO) wird derzeit ein europäisches Angebot in Form eines Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) zur Förderung der Informationskompetenz entwickelt. An dem von der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz koordinierten Projekt sind sechs europäische Partner beteiligt. Das Angebot wird unter offener Lizenz in mehreren Sprachen entwickelt und ebenso eine Assessment-Komponente und fachspezifische Vertiefungen enthalten. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Ziele des Projekts sowie die Ergebnisse der Bedarfsanalyse.

Objective.To study longterm work disability and possible predictors in newly diagnosed patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).Methods.Because we wanted to include only patients with full work availability potential, eligible patients were aged 18–62 years. Fifty-one patients (mean age 46 yrs, range 18–61 yrs, 50 women) diagnosed with pSS between January 2001 and December 2012 were included in the study. For each patient we randomly selected 4 reference subjects from the general population and matched for age, sex, and area of residence. We linked data to the Swedish Social Insurance Agency and calculated the proportion as well as net days of work disability in 30-day intervals from 12 months before pSS diagnosis until 24 months after .Results.Work disability was increased in patients with pSS in comparison to general population comparators. At diagnosis, 26% of patients were work-disabled, while 37% and 41% were disabled at 12 and 24 months after diagnosis, respectively (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05 vs baseline). Prior work disability status at diagnosis (OR 15.4, 95% CI 2.9–81.9; p = 0.001), concomitant fibromyalgia (OR 10.5, 95% CI 2.0–56.0; p = 0.006), and each additional year of age (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.2; p = 0.009) were found to be associated with work disability 24 months after diagnosis.Conclusion.Patients with pSS showed an increased work disability, in comparison with the general population, which increased significantly during the first 2 years after diagnosis. Work disability at diagnosis, concomitant fibromyalgia, and increasing age, but not anti-SSA/anti-SSB antibodies or disease activity, were associated with longterm work disability.

Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic rheumatic disease in which gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common. Faecal calprotectin (FC) is a non-invasive biomarker that has been suggested to discriminate organic intestinal disease from functional disorders. The purpose of this study was to explore the usefulness of FC testing in patients with pSS. In total, 56 consecutive patients with pSS and 29 healthy control subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. FC was measured with a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. GI symptoms were evaluated with the Rome III questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Scale for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. In patients with pSS, disease activity was estimated using the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI), and patient-reported outcomes were evaluated with the EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Patient-Reported Index. Patients with pSS had higher levels of FC than healthy control subjects (median 54 μg/g, interquartile range [IQR 20–128]; vs. 20 μg/g [20–43]; p= 0.002). Concomitant organic GI disease was found in 14 patients with pSS and included inflammatory bowel disease (n= 3), colonic adenoma (n= 2) and GI lymphoma (n= 1). Patients with organic GI disease had higher FC levels than the other patients with pSS (median 274 μg/g [IQR 61–363] vs. median 34 μg/g [IQR 20–76]; p< 0.001). Although patients with pSS reported abdominal discomfort more frequently than healthy control subjects did, such symptoms were not associated with organic GI disease or elevated FC levels. FC correlated moderately with ESSDAI. Excluding patients with organic GI disease, we did not identify any significant association between ESSDAI and FC levels. GI symptoms are frequent in pSS. Contrary to patient-reported outcomes, elevated FC levels in pSS indicate possible organic GI disease that warrants further investigation.

Mit dem Wachstum des deutschen E‑Commerce Markts wächst auch die Konkurrenz zwischen den Onlineshops. Unerlässlich wird somit eine konsequente Optimierung des Webauftritts. Die Datengrundlage hierfür kann im Rahmen der Webanalyse durch den Einsatz von Webanalyse-Tools geschaffen werden. Im Rahmen einer Mix-Methods-Studie wurde der Einsatz von Webanalyse-Tools im E‑Commerce untersucht. Dabei wurde im ersten Schritt mithilfe einer Online-Analyse erfasst, welche Webanalyse-Tools bei deutschen Onlineshops im Einsatz sind. Des Weiteren wurden mittels einer Online-Befragung die Ziele der Webanalyse und das Ausmaß der Nutzung vorhandener Funktionalitäten der genutzten Webanalyse-Systeme ermittelt. Abschließend wurden ausgewählte Aspekte der Nutzung von Webanalyse-Tools (z. B. Usability, Funktionalität, Organisatorische Einordnung) in Experteninterviews thematisiert. In line with the growth of the German e‑commerce market, the competition between online shops is increasing. Therefore, a consistent optimization of the websites is essential. For that purpose, web analytic tools can collect and provide relevant data. In this paper, a mixed-methods study design is employed to investigate the usage of web analytics tools in the field of e‑commerce. In a first step, online shops are analysed with regard to the implementation of web analytics tools. In addition, an online survey delivers insights with respect to the aims of web analytics employment and the scope of actual usage of features provided by the web analytics systems. Furthermore, selected aspects of the usage of web analytics tools are discussed with experts.

Objective.To study the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Takayasu arteritis (TA) in southern Sweden.Methods.The study area is situated in Skåne, the southernmost county in Sweden (total population December 2011: 983,419, 50.5% women). Patients were identified using clinical registries in all the 5 hospitals and private rheumatology clinics within the study area between the years 1997 and 2011. The diagnosis of TA was confirmed by medical records review. Only patients fulfilling the 1990 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria were included.Results.Thirteen patients (all women) were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 23 years [interquartile range (IQR) 16–38]. Ten patients were diagnosed between 1997 and 2011. The annual incidence rate was estimated to 0.7/million inhabitants (95% CI 0.3–1.2) and 1.5/million among women (95% CI 0.6–2.4). Patients were followed for a median of 9 years (IQR 4–17.5). As of January 1, 2012, all 13 patients were alive and living within the study area. The point prevalence per million inhabitants was 13.2 (95% CI 6.0–20.4), and 26.2 among women (95% CI 11.9–40.4). Subclavian arteries were the most commonly affected vessels. Organ damage was common, affecting all patients. Seven pregnancies resulting in 5 live births and 2 abortions were registered after the diagnosis of TA.Conclusion.The incidence of TA in Sweden is comparable to recently reported rates from other European studies, while the prevalence is higher than previously reported. The prognosis of TA is good, but the rate of damage is high.

Objective.To assess the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) and to study the association of COPD with cigarette smoking, radiographic features, respiratory symptoms, disease activity, and laboratory inflammatory and serological features in patients with pSS.Methods.Fifty-one consecutive patients with pSS (mean age 60 yrs, range 29–82 yrs, 49 women) were assessed by pulmonary function tests (PFT). The PFT results were compared with previously studied population-based controls, standardizing results with regard to sex, age, height, weight, and cigarette smoking. In addition, patients with pSS were assessed by computed tomography of the chest, the European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren Syndrome Disease Activity Index and Patient Reported Index, the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (which evaluates respiratory symptoms), and by laboratory inflammatory and serological tests.Results.Forty-one percent of all patients with pSS and 30% of the never-smoking patients with pSS fulfilled the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria for COPD. Vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/VC ratio, and DLCO were significantly decreased while residual volume (RV) and the RV/total lung capacity ratio were significantly increased in patients with pSS. Moderate correlations between PFT results, symptoms, and disease activity were found. However, laboratory inflammatory and serological features were poorly associated with PFT results in patients with pSS.Conclusion.COPD was a common finding in patients with pSS, even among never-smoking patients. An obstructive pattern was the predominant PFT finding in patients with pSS, although a superimposed restrictive lung disease could not be excluded. The results suggest that the disease per seis involved in the development of COPD in pSS.

Im letzten Jahrzehnt etablierte sich eine Vielzahl wissenschaftlicher Netzwerke im Rahmen unterschiedlicher Forschungsdisziplinen. Darunter auch die sogenannten virtuellen Forschungsumgebungen, die darauf abzielen, die Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler in ihrem Forschungsprozess effektiv zu unterstützen und ein disziplin- und länderübergreifendes Kommunizieren, Interagieren und Forschen zu ermöglichen. Anders als bei einer Vielzahl innovativer Informationssysteme wurde der Akzeptanz virtueller Forschungsumgebungen vergleichsweise nur wenig Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Dabei sind es die Anzahl der Nutzer sowie ihre Akzeptanz des Konzepts, die über Erfolg und Scheitern einer virtuellen Forschungsumgebung entscheiden. Am Beispiel der virtuellen Forschungsumgebung von Edumeres.net werden im Folgenden eben diese Akzeptanzfaktoren aufgezeigt. Darüber hinaus werden weitere Faktoren beleuchtet, die in der Vergangenheit eine dauerhafte Nutzung von Edumeres.net verhinderten.

The second workshop of ENWI was held in Malmö, Sweden, June 12-13, 2013. ENWI is the European Network for Work Information which intends to establish a group of researchers who share a common interest in the study of workplace information practices. The better understanding of people and their tasks, and how information is part of their work is a primary goal of ENWI. Furthermore, the design and study of better technology tools supporting information practices and knowledge work is also in the focus of the network. The second workshop strengthened the network by identifying common terminology research issues and joint projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of impaired gastric emptying (IGE) and its relation to autonomic nervous dysfunction (AD), functional bowel syndrome, and inflammatory and serological variables in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with pSS according to the American-European Consensus Criteria were included in the study. Gastric emptying was evaluated by the octanoate breath test from which half-time (thalf) and lag-time (tlag) were determined and compared with the results from 50 healthy controls. Autonomic nervous function was evaluated by 5 objective autonomic reflex tests (ART) and by the Autonomic Symptom Profile (ASP) questionnaire evaluating AD symptoms. These results were compared with previously investigated healthy ART controls and population-based ASP controls. Patients were also assessed regarding symptoms of functional bowel syndrome. RESULTS: The thalfand the tlagwere significantly prolonged in patients compared to controls. Forty-three percent of patients with pSS presented signs of IGE and 29% fulfilled the criteria for gastroparesis. Significant correlations were found between tlagand increased levels of IgG (p = 0.02) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; p = 0.01). In addition, rheumatoid factor (RF) seropositives showed objective signs of IGE to a greater extent than RF seronegatives. No associations between IGE, ART variables, ASP variables, or gastrointestinal symptoms were found. CONCLUSION: IGE was common in pSS. Associations with inflammatory and serological features of pSS could imply immunological mechanisms behind the IGE. Objective signs of IGE were not associated with objective signs or subjective symptoms of AD or functional bowel syndrome.

The notion of quality of websites depends on the culture of the individual user. This article provides empirical evidence based on the analysis of existing evaluation guidelines from different countries and a questionnaire for users from two countries, Peru and Germany. Cultures are typically characterised by cultural dimensions which are correlated with the responses in the study presented. Some of the evidence is statistically significant. Developers of web pages and e-commerce sites with an international user group need to be aware of the fact that the evaluation criteria applied in different cultures may be different.

Objectives: Pain is a major symptom in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In early RA, pain is usually due to synovitis, but can also persist despite effective anti-inflammatory treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the pain course over time and predictors of unacceptable pain and unacceptable pain with low inflammation, in patients with early RA. Methods: An inception cohort of 232 patients with early RA, recruited in 1995–2005, was followed in a structured programme for 5 years. Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS; 0–100). Unacceptable pain was defined as VAS pain > 40 based on the patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) and low inflammation as CRP &lt; 10 mg/l. Baseline predictors of unacceptable pain were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: Pain improved significantly during the first 6 months, but then remained basically unchanged. Thirty-four per cent of the patients had unacceptable pain 5 years after inclusion. Baseline predictors of unacceptable pain after 5 years were lower swollen joint counts [odds ratio (OR) 0.71 per standard deviation (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51–0.99)] and higher VAS for pain and global assessment of disease activity. Unacceptable pain with low inflammation after 5 years was negatively associated with anti-CCP antibodies [OR 0.50 (95% CI 0.22–0.98)]. Conclusion: Over one third of the patients had unacceptable pain 5 years after inclusion. Lower swollen joint count was associated with unacceptable pain at 5 years. The results may be explained by the positive effects of treatment on pain related to inflammation. Non-inflammatory long-lasting pain appears to be a greater problem in anti-CCP-negative patients.

A daily summary or digest from microblogs allows social media users to stay up to date on what happened today on their favorite topic. Summarizing microblogs is a non-trivial task. This paper presents a summarization system built over the Twitter stream to summarize the topic for a given duration. Tweet ranking is the primary task of designing a microblog-based summarization system. After ranking tweets, the selection of relevant tweets is the crucial task for any summarization system due to the massive volume of tweets in the Twitter stream. In addition, the summarization system should include novel tweets in the summary or digest. The measure of relevance is typically the similarity score obtained from different text similarity algorithms. These measure the similarity between user information needs and each tweet. The more similar, the higher the score. So we need to choose a threshold that can minimize false-positive judgments for this task. In this paper, we proposed novel threshold estimation methods to find optimal values for these thresholds and evaluate them against thresholds determined via grid search. These methods estimate the thresholds with reasonable accuracy, according to the results. Previous research has empirically and heuristically set these thresholds, and our work suggests a method that exploits statistical features of the ranking list to estimate these thresholds. We used language models to rank the tweets and to select relevant tweets. For any language model, the selection of the smoothing technique and its parameters are critical. The results are also compared with the standard probabilistic ranking algorithm BM25. Learning to rank strategies is also implemented, which shows substantial improvement in some of the result metrics. Experiments were performed on standard benchmarks like the TREC Microblog 2015, TREC RTS 2016, and TREC RTS 2017 datasets. Different variants of normal discounted cumulative gain, the standard official evaluation metric of TREC, nDCG-1, nDCG-0, and nDCG-p are used in this study. We also performed a comprehensive failure analysis on our experiments and identified key issues for improvement that can be addressed in the future.

OBJECTIVE: Exocrine function always is and autonomic nervous function may be impaired in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Since autonomic nervous signaling is a prerequisite for exocrine secretion we wanted to assess autonomic nervous function in pSS and relate it to diagnostic measures of exocrine function. METHODS: Autonomic nervous function was determined in 46 patients with pSS using the deep breathing test [expiration/inspiration (E/I) ratio], orthostatic test [acceleration index (AI), orthostatic systolic and diastolic blood pressure response (lSBP ratio and lDBP ratio)], and finger skin blood flow test [vasoconstrictory (VAC) score]. The results were corrected for age and expressed as z-scores by comparison with 3 control groups (E/I ratio and AI, n = 56; lSBP ratio and lDBP ratio, n = 238; and VAC score, n = 80). Exocrine gland function was determined in patients with pSS using the objective functional Schirmer-I test and rose-bengal staining (van Bijsterveld score) for the lacrimal glands and unstimulated whole sialometry for the salivary glands. RESULTS: The E/I ratio and orthostatic systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased and the VAC score was significantly increased in patients with pSS compared to controls, indicating both parasympathetic and sympathetic dysfunction. Autonomic and exocrine function measures were found to associate poorly. CONCLUSION: Patients with pSS showed signs of both parasympathetic and sympathetic dysfunction. However, an association between cardiovascular autonomic and exocrine function in pSS was not detected.

OBJECTIVE: Case reports have described an association between idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia (ICL) and non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (NHML), and both entities have an increased prevalence in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). We investigated lymphocyte subset counts in patients with primary SS to determine if presence of different autoantibodies is associated with ICL and hence may represent an increased risk for development of NHML. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with primary SS according to the American-European Consensus Classification Criteria (AECC) and 37 non-AECC sicca patients were studied for presence of different autoantibodies, and lymphocyte subsets were investigated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were significantly lower among anti-SSA antibody seropositive SS patients compared to correlating seronegatives and non-AECC sicca patients (601/µl vs 956/µl and 1087/µl; p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). ICL was found in 16% of anti-SSA seropositive patients. CONCLUSION: ICL, a proposed risk factor for development of NHML, occurs frequently and presumably exclusively in patients with primary SS who are anti-SSA antibody seropositive. These findings support that this group comprises patients at risk for development of NHML.

Features several laboratory equipment and supplies in the United States. Availability of two types of Matheson Tri-Gas Chrysalis Gas Generators; Contributions of Mass Spec market in Peak Scientific Instruments marketing; Advantages offered by Matheson Tri-Gas Chrysalis Hydrogen Generators.

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of our Network Time Interface (NTI) M-Module, which facilitates high-accuracy time distribution in LAN-based distributed real-time systems. Built around our custom UTCSU VLSI chip, it hosts all the hardware support required for interval-based external clock synchronization: A high-resolution state- and rate-adjustable clock, local accuracy intervals, interfaces to GPS receivers, and various timestamping features. Maximum network controller and CPU independence ensures that the available NTI prototype can be employed in virtually any COTS-based system with MA-Module interface. Our experimental evaluation shows that time distribution with μs-accuracy is possible even in Ethernet-based system architectures, provided that the available configuration parameters are suitably chosen to cope with the various hidden sources of timing uncertainty.

Proteins often have nonzero electric dipole moments, making them interact with external electric fields and offering a means for controlling their orientation. One application that is known to benefit from orientation control is single-particle imaging with x-ray free-electron lasers, in which diffraction is recorded from proteins in the gas phase to determine their structures. To this point, theoretical investigations into this phenomenon have assumed that the field experienced by the proteins is constant or a perfect step function, whereas any real-world pulse will be smooth. Here, we explore the possibility of orienting gas-phase proteins using time-dependent electric fields. We performed ab initio simulations to estimate the field strength required to break protein bonds, with 45 V/nm as a breaking point value. We then simulated ubiquitin in time-dependent electric fields using classical molecular dynamics. The minimal field strength required for orientation within 10 ns was on the order of 0.5 V/nm. Although high fields can be destructive for the structure, the structures in our simulations were preserved until orientation was achieved regardless of field strength, a principle we denote “orientation before destruction.”

This paper presents online hate speech as a societal and computational challenge. Offensive content detection in social media is considered as a multilingual, multi-level, multi-class classification problem for three Indo-European languages. This research problem is offered to the community through the HASOC shared task. HASOC intends to stimulate research and development in hate speech recognition across different languages. Three datasets (in English, German, and Hindi) were developed from Twitter and Facebook, and made available. This paper describes the creation of the multilingual datasets and the annotation method. We will present the numerous approaches based on traditional classifiers, deep neural models, and transfer learning models, along with features used for the classification. Results show that the best classifier for the binary classification might not perform best in the multi-class classification, and the performance of the same classifier varies across the languages. Overall, transfer learning models such as BERT, and deep neural models based on LSTMs and CNNs perform similar but better than traditional classifiers such as SVM. We will conclude the discussion with a list of issues that needs to be addressed for future datasets.

Faecal calprotectin (FC) has been proposed to be a biomarker of gastrointestinal (GI) disease in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The purpose of this study was to extend cross-sectional observations and prospectively assess the variability of FC over time in SSc patients. We also aimed to examine FC in relation to immunosuppressive therapy. Finally we wanted to analyse FC in other rheumatic diseases to evaluate the specificity of FC for SSc GI disease.