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Complex composite nanomaterials have recently received attention because of their enhanced electrochemical performance compared to single-structured materials. In this study, we synthesized calcium molybdate (CaMoO4) particles with a spherical shape and conducted surface modification to fabricate composite heterostructures on the CaMoO4backbone using a simple two-step hydrothermal technique. To test their electrochemical characteristics, the produced hierarchical heterostructures were used as an electrode material for supercapacitors, exhibiting a cycling efficiency of 94% after 5000 cycles, a specific capacitance of 586 C g–1at a current density of 1 A g–1, and good reversibility. These results demonstrate that the development of hierarchical heterostructures can significantly improve the electrochemical properties of materials by creating well-defined interfaces, increasing the surface area, and promoting efficient charge transfer, making them highly attractive for various applications in the field of energy storage and conversion.

One of the most frequently used transition conducting oxides (TCO) is indium tin oxide. Indium is very expensive because of the lack of availability. So Most of the researchers focused on cost-effective materials and they have developed Dielectric/Metal/Dielectric (DMD) structures for ITO-free applications. Examples of dielectric materials are AZO, MoO3, TiO2, and WO3. The dielectric material is sandwiched between metals such as Au, Ag, Pt, Cu, and Al. The efficacy of these DMD structures is purely based on the thickness of the dielectric and metal layers. Once the metal layer thickness is more than 15nm, the transmittance is much less due to the thickness of the material and it will work as a reflector. Moreover, as WO3is the most widely and frequently used material we focus on the fabrication of WO3/Ag/WO3(WAW) for replacing TCO in the electrochromic device and making it indium-free. WAW structures are widely used in smart windows, gas sensors, solar cells, photodetectors, etc. For electrochromic applications, these WAW structures showed good transmittance, fast switching speed, best coloration efficiency, and best optical modulation in comparison to WO3/ITO structure and are also cost-effective.

AbstractBackgroundIndonesia has the highest human mortality from highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) virus infection in the world.MethodsA survey of households (N=2520) measured treatment sources and beliefs among symptomatic household members. A survey of physicians (N=554) in various types of health care facilities measured knowledge, assessment and testing behaviors, and perceived clinical capacity.ResultsHouseholds reported confidence in health care system capacity but infrequently sought treatment for potential HPAI H5N1 signs/symptoms. More clinicians were confident in their knowledge of diagnosis and treatment than in the adequacy of related equipment and resources at their facilities. Physicians expressed awareness of the HPAI H5N1 suspect case definition, yet expressed only moderate knowledge in questioning symptomatic patients about exposures. Self-reported likelihood of testing for HPAI H5N1 virus was high after learning of certain exposures. Knowledge of antiviral treatment was moderate, but it was higher among clinicians in puskesmas. Physicians in private outpatient clinics, the most heavily used facilities, reported the lowest confidence in their diagnostic and treatment capabilities.ConclusionsEducational campaigns can encourage recall of possible poultry exposure when patients are experiencing signs/symptoms and can raise awareness of the effectiveness of antivirals to drive people to seek health care. Clinicians may benefit from training regarding exposure assessment and referral procedures, particularly in private clinics. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:838–847)

Understanding healthcare-seeking patterns for respiratory illness can help improve estimations of disease burden and inform public health interventions to control acute respiratory disease in Indonesia. The objectives of this study were to describe healthcare-seeking behaviors for respiratory illnesses in one rural and one urban community in Western Java, and to explore the factors that affect care seeking. From February 8, 2012 to March 1, 2012, a survey was conducted in 2520 households in the East Jakarta and Bogor districts to identify reported recent respiratory illnesses, as well as all hospitalizations from the previous 12-month period. We found that 4% (10% of those less than 5years) of people had respiratory disease resulting in a visit to a healthcare provider in the past 2weeks; these episodes were most commonly treated at government (33%) or private (44%) clinics. Forty-five people (0.4% of those surveyed) had respiratory hospitalizations in the past year, and just over half of these (24/45, 53%) occurred at a public hospital. Public health programs targeting respiratory disease in this region should account for care at private hospitals and clinics, as well as illnesses that are treated at home, in order to capture the true burden of illness in these communities.

Understanding healthcare-seeking patterns for respiratory illness can help improve estimations of disease burden and inform public health interventions to control acute respiratory disease in Indonesia. The objectives of this study were to describe healthcare-seeking behaviors for respiratory illnesses in one rural and one urban community in Western Java, and to explore the factors that affect care seeking. From February 8, 2012 to March 1, 2012, a survey was conducted in 2520 households in the East Jakarta and Bogor districts to identify reported recent respiratory illnesses, as well as all hospitalizations from the previous 12-month period. We found that 4% (10% of those less than 5 years) of people had respiratory disease resulting in a visit to a healthcare provider in the past 2 weeks; these episodes were most commonly treated at government (33%) or private (44%) clinics. Forty-five people (0.4% of those surveyed) had respiratory hospitalizations in the past year, and just over half of these (24/45, 53%) occurred at a public hospital. Public health programs targeting respiratory disease in this region should account for care at private hospitals and clinics, as well as illnesses that are treated at home, in order to capture the true burden of illness in these communities.