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In recent years, numerous deep learning models for medical image classification have emerged, with varying accuracies influenced by factors like image quality, content, and the convoluted low-level features. In this article, we aim to identify key features that enhance the precision of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which are widely employed in this domain. We empirically demonstrate that parameters like activation functions, image augmentation, convolutional layers, filter sizes, and max pooling significantly impact precision, while others like hidden layers, epochs, and batch sizes affect quality and runtime negatively. To validate our proposal, we use a publicly-available dataset of colored Breast Cancer images which comprises 27,751 images distributed over three sub-datasets as follows: 4162 testing images (2980 no cancer and 1182 with cancer), 19,426 training images (13,911 no cancer and 5515 with cancer), and 4163 validation images (2981 no cancer and 1182 with cancer). Multiple experimental runs were conducted, and the outcomes of each run were recorded, taking into account various evaluation metrics and components of the CNN architecture. Results demonstrate that the highest CNN classifier’s accuracy was achieved when coupling RelU and Sigmoid activation functions using a 3 × 3 filter with a batch of size 32 and 20 epochs and 2 hidden layers. A Similar accuracy rate (83.55%) has also been achieved when coupling ReLU and Sigmoid activation functions using the DensNet-201 pre-trained CNN model.

Analyzing the microscopic dynamics of pushing behavior within crowds can offer valuable insights into crowd patterns and interactions. By identifying instances of pushing in crowd videos, a deeper understanding of when, where, and why such behavior occurs can be achieved. This knowledge is crucial to creating more effective crowd management strategies, optimizing crowd flow, and enhancing overall crowd experiences. However, manually identifying pushing behavior at the microscopic level is challenging, and the existing automatic approaches cannot detect such microscopic behavior. Thus, this article introduces a novel automatic framework for identifying pushing in videos of crowds on a microscopic level. The framework comprises two main components: (i) feature extraction and (ii) video detection. In the feature extraction component, a new Voronoi-based method is developed for determining the local regions associated with each person in the input video. Subsequently, these regions are fed into EfficientNetV1B0 Convolutional Neural Network to extract the deep features of each person over time. In the second component, a combination of a fully connected layer with a Sigmoid activation function is employed to analyze these deep features and annotate the individuals involved in pushing within the video. The framework is trained and evaluated on a new dataset created using six real-world experiments, including their corresponding ground truths. The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art approaches, as well as seven baseline methods used for comparative analysis.

In recent years, there has been a remarkable transformation in our interaction with legal texts due to the widespread utilization and adoption of natural language processing technology. This technology has advanced the analysis and enhanced the understanding of complex legal terminology and contexts. Moreover, the emergence of recent generative large language models (LLMs), particularly ChatGPT, has also introduced a revolutionary contribution to the way legal texts can be processed and comprehended. This paper focuses on the development of a cooperative legal question-answering LLM-based chatbot. Our work involves formulating a set of legal questions pertaining to Palestinian cooperatives and their associated regulations. We compare the auto-generated answers provided by the chatbot with correspondences prepared by a legal expert.To assess the chatbot’s performance, we evaluate its responses to 50 queries generated by the legal expert and compare them to their relevance judgments. The results indicate that the chatbot achieved an impressive overall accuracy rate of 82% in answering the queries, with an F1 score equivalent to 79%.

Bridging the semantic gap on the web remains one of the crucial challenges for current horizontal and domain-specific information retrieval systems. This challenge becomes even more pronounced when users express their information needs using short queries that are formulated using a few number of keywords, therefore relying on keywords for indexing web documents results in degrading the quality of the returned results. In this article, we introduce an approach that employs knowledge captured by large-scale knowledge resources to identify key query terms and retrieve semantically-relevant documents. In this context, key terms are mapped to their semantic correspondences and variable term weights are assigned based on the semantic and taxonomic relations for each term. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we have conducted experimental evaluation using Glasgow's NPL test collections. Findings indicate that the effectiveness has improved against four conventional similarity metrics that are based on the bag-of-words similarity model.