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The presence of HIV-1 DNA or p24 antigen in human breast milk may not necessarily be associated with HIV transmission. Researchers analyzed samples of breast milk from 47 HIV-positive women for HIV-1 DNA. Seventy percent of the samples taken the HIV-positive women were positive for HIV-1 DNA zero to four days after giving birth. Approximately 50% of the samples contained HIV-1 DNA at six and 12 months after giving birth. Breast milk samples from 37 HIV-positive women were also examined for HIV-1 p24 antigen. Zero to four days after delivery, 24% of the samples were positive for p24 antigen. None of the samples were positive for p24 antigen at six months and 12 months. No association was found between the presence of HIV-1 DNA or p24 antigen in breast milk and CD4 T-cell count or development of an AIDS-defining illness. Future research efforts need to be focused on the transmission of HIV infection from mother to infant in breast milk.

Salvage stereotactic reirradiation for local recurrence of prostate cancer in the prostatic bed may offer encouraging control and acceptable toxicity. A recurrence in contact with the urethrovesical anastomosis was associated with poorer progression-free survival and a poorer toxicity profile.