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In this review, we explore the last fifty years of Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) Schottky barrier diode research, highlighting a surge in interest in tailored filaments for thin films, photovoltaic cells, and advanced electronics. The fundamental principles of MIS functionalization on the intermediate insulator layer within the MIS structure are detailed, followed by a comprehensive discussion of approaches to MIS-based diode fabrication, meticulously addressing specific details of metal, insulator and semiconductor layers. This review delves into bespoke device manufacturing methods, underscoring their significance in the scientific landscape. It examines principal materials used in production, focusing on optical, electrical applications explores the evolution of insulating materials, doping effects, manufacturing technologies and potential device applications. Challenges in MIS diode manufacturing are outlined, exploring various techniques, their advantages and disadvantages. JNSP thin film coating emerges as a preferred technique due to its cost-effectiveness, ease of handling, and non-toxic nature. From our comprehensive review, it is evident that transition metals are preferred materials in previous research. The article concludes by addressing future perspectives, guiding novel advancements and contemplating applications of bespoke filaments in optoelectronic devices and applications. This holistic exploration aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse and evolution of MIS-based devices across diverse fields.

The field of myconanotechnology has gained significant attention recently due to the potential uses of biosynthesized nanoparticles derived from macrofungi, specifically mushrooms. Because of their high secretion of biomolecules and enzymes, which can function as efficient reducing and stabilizing agents for the biogenic synthesis of various nanoparticles through extracellular or intracellular procedures, the usage of mushroom extracts is thought to be noteworthy. The high yields, enhanced enzymatic activities, great tolerance to heavy metals, and easy recovery process of the nanoparticles generated by this method have proven superior to those produced using other biogenic methods. These exceptional attributes facilitate more research into their potential uses in the industrial, biomedical, agricultural, and environmental fields. This review specifically provides a critical overview on the mushroom biology, mushroom-mediated nanoparticles synthesis, types, characteristics and exciting applications.

Inter-connected network grains of tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films were deposited on glass using a jet nebulizer spray pyrolysis (JNSP) technique by varying the substrate temperature at 350, 400, 450 and 500 °C. Phase transformation (monoclinic to orthorhombic) was observed during the film growth through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images revealed a better grain growth with smooth surface for 400 °C. The WO3film deposited at 400 °C exhibits minimum band gap and maximum optical conductivity of 3.2 eV and 5.8 × 1014(Ω.cm)−1. From the current-voltage (I–V) characteristics, the mean electrical conductivity is found to increase gradually and the activation energy reduced at higher substrate temperature. Cu/WO3/p–Si structured Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) have been fabricated with different substrate temperature and it was tested under variable device temperatures ranging from 30 to 170 °C. The experimental results of all SBDs indicated a linear reduction in the ideality factor (n) with a small increment in effective barrier height (ΦB) with increase in device temperature, which is due to lateral inhomogeneity’s at the interface. Moreover, the minimum n value of 2.89 and their corresponding ΦBof 0.71 eV were recorded for device temperature at 170 °C. Compared with other SBDs, the device fabricated at 400 °C demonstrated a better thermal stability and device performance.

Herein, we have successfully grown transparent NiCo2and Cu mixed oxide thin film electrode material by a facile electrodeposition process from electrolyte containing hydrated salts of its composite metals at two different temperatures. Microstructural and some other surface studies were carried out with the aid of suitable and appropriate probing facilities such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman microscope and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. Microstructural studies on the samples revealed the formation of seed flowerlike nanosheet by the film grown from room temperature electrolyte which was found to become porously stacked and agglomerated as observed for the one grown at higher temperature. Further probing showed that the grown film exhibit crystallinity and surface roughness of high degree. Optical energy band gap values were also found to be 3.08 and 3.00 eV depending on the synthesis protocols observed. The optimum electrode sample exhibited high specific capacitance and capacity of 1940.1 Fg−1and 134.2 mAhg−1, respectively and with excellent cycling stability when tested as half-cell in three-electrode mode and 1 M aqueous KOH electrolyte. It was further utilized as positrode in a fabricated solid state asymmetric supercapattery device with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as negatrode and powdered PVA-KOH electrolyte. The device displayed intriguing performance having demonstrated excellent cycling in high voltage (0 to 1.6 V) window and over 20,000 charge-discharge cycles, and with high areal capacitance, energy density and power density of 20.2 mFcm−2, 25.60 Whcm−2and 2344.42 Wcm−2, respectively. The study demonstrated the significant supercapacitive potentials of the fabricated electrode material for high quality energy storage devices.