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Low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diets may suppress the increase in appetite otherwise seen after diet-induced fat loss. However, studies of diets without severe energy restriction are lacking, and the effects of carbohydrate quality relative to quantity have not been directly compared.

Weight loss is associated with a disproportionate reduction in energy expenditure, along with increases in hunger feelings and ghrelin concentrations. These changes are presumed to be homeostatic mechanisms to counteract the energy deficit. The possibility that these two components of the energy balance equation are mechanistically linked has never been examined.

The role of fat-free mass loss (FFML) in modulating weight regain, in individuals with obesity, as well as the potential mechanisms involved, remain inconsistent.

AbstractThe purpose was to compare, in elderly hospitalized patients, the performance of widely used nutritional screening and assessment tools and anthropometric parameters with the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002); and to evaluate their independent association with length of hospital stay. Nutritional-status screening and assessment was carried out using NRS-2002, Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and anthropometry. Patients classified by NRS-2002 as undernourished had an independent higher risk of longer length-of-stay (> 8 days): Odds ratio = 2.25 (95% Confidence Interval = 1.03 to 4.88). Nutritional “risk” by NRS-2002 is an independent risk factor for a long length of stay in elderly hospitalized patients, an important outcome predictor in this population.