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ABSTRACTThe effects of doxycycline-streptomycin-rifampin versus a standard doxycycline-streptomycin regimen on residual BrucellaDNA were compared in 36 acute brucellosis patients. At admission, all patients given triple (n= 22) and double (n= 14) regimens had detectable BrucellaDNA with similar mean loads (P= 0.982). At follow-up, 14 to 20 months postpresentation, significantly more patients receiving triple than double regimens had undetectable BrucellaDNA (P= 0.026). The doxycycline-streptomycin-rifampin regimen eliminates BrucellaDNA more efficiently than doxycycline-streptomycin, which may result in superior long-term clearance of Brucella.