Search

This article discusses the relative risk of concussion/mild traumatic brain injury in school-aged children competing in athletics. It covers the initial assessment and diagnosis of concussion/mild traumatic brain injury. It also discusses the appropriate monitoring of any ongoing symptoms, and how to identify and address prolonged symptomatology. Finally, the current practice guidelines for return-to-play criteria are discussed, as well as the assessment of an athlete’s risk of suffering from second impact syndrome.

Piriformis syndrome is a neuromuscular condition characterized by hip and buttock pain. This syndrome is often overlooked in clinical settings because its presentation may be similar to that of lumbar radiculopathy, primary sacral dysfunction, or innominate dysfunction. The ability to recognize piriformis syndrome requires an understanding of the structure and function of the piriformis muscle and its relationship to the sciatic nerve. The authors review the anatomic and clinical features of this condition, summarizing the osteopathic medical approach to diagnosis and management. A holistic approach to diagnosis requires a thorough neurologic history and physical assessment of the patient based on the pathologic characteristics of piriformis syndrome. The authors note that several nonpharmacologic therapies, including osteopathic manipulative treatment, can be used alone or in conjunction with pharmacotherapeutic options in the management of piriformis syndrome.

Context: Since the 1990s, there has been a heightened awareness of the value of teaching medical students about how aspects of spirituality and religion may affect patient care.