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This paper reports on a potentially significant discovery of the diatom species Nupela neogracillimaKulikovskiy & Lange-Bertalot in the periphyton of the littoral zone of Lake Teletskoye, a deep lake in Russia's Altai region. Due to its rare occurrence in the algal flora of Russia and other regions, knowledge of the species is of special importance. N. neogracillimainhabits oligotrophic waterbodies in the boreal and Arctic zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Previously, it was sporadically found in the bottom sediments of Lake Teletskoye. Results obtained from electron microscopic scans (SEM), revealed that the size of frustules for the specimens from Lake Teletskoye is less than those recovered from water bodies of the Arctic zone.