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Let Sand Bbe two unital ∗-algebras such that Shas a nontrivial projection. In the present article, we demonstrate, under certain restrictions that if a bijective map Δ:S→Bsatisfies Δ(M⋄N∘W)=Δ(M)⋄Δ(N)∘Δ(W)for all M,N,W∈S, then Δis a ∗-preserving ring isomorphism. As an application, we will describe these mappings on factor von Neumann algebras.

Let 𝒜{\mathcal{A}}be a prime ring equipped with an involution ‘*{*}’ of order 2 and let m≠n{m\neq n}be some fixed positive integers such that 𝒜{\mathcal{A}}is 2⁢m⁢n⁢(m+n)⁢|m-n|{2mn(m+n)|m-n|}-torsion free. Let 𝒬m⁢s⁢(𝒜){\mathcal{Q}_{ms}(\mathcal{A})}be the maximal symmetric ring of quotients of 𝒜{\mathcal{A}}and consider the mappings ℱ{\mathcal{F}}and 𝒢:𝒜→𝒬m⁢s⁢(𝒜){\mathcal{G}:\mathcal{A}\to\mathcal{Q}_{ms}(\mathcal{A})}satisfying the relations

In this study, a reinforced concrete dome biogas plant processing buffalo dung was functioned to investigate the seasonal variations in biogas production, biogas composition, and loss of volatile solid and methane potential of digestate slurry. These analyses were undertaken from January to May 2019. The biogas quality was assessed using gas chromatography and biogas production was measured through the G4 VuGas diaphragm gas meter while methane potential was examined on biochemical methane potential (BMP) assays under mesophilic conditions. In January, when the average digester temperature was 26.1 °C, the minimum biogas production was 0.23 ± 0.004m3/kg VSaddedwith 67% CH4and 32.9% CO2. In May, the average digester temperature rose to 36.1 °C and the maximum biogas yield obtained increased to 0.384 ± 0.006m3/kg VSadded, comprising 71% CH4and 28.8% CO2. In the cold season during January, the percentage losses of biogas production were recorded to be 41% because of lower slurry temperature and accumulation of fatty acids. The average slurry temperatures within the digester during the cold season were 21.3 ∘Cat 6 A.M. and 21.9 ∘Cat 3 P.M., increasing to 36 ∘Cat 6 A.M. and 36.2 ∘Cat 3 P.M. for the warm season. In addition, the methane potential of 115NmL/g VSlosswas observed from the digestate slurry through BMP test. The concrete dome biogas plant is favorable for its low cost and was shown to produce adequate amount of biogas to fulfill the domestic requirements during both warm and cold months in Pakistan.

Despite the decreasing supply of fossil fuels, reliance on them persists. To meet our energy needs without harming the environment, we must explore various renewable energy sources. In this study, heterogeneous acid catalysts were prepared from date seeds and applied to fatty acid esterification reactions. To produce sulfonated biochar, the date seed material was carbonized and subsequently treated with concentrated sulfuric acid under various sulfonation conditions. A diverse range of imaging microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques were employed to investigate the properties of the sulfonated biochar. Based on the results, the sulfonation of biochar from date seeds led to distinct morphological and structural changes, as observed through SEM images, indicating improved porosity and surface area. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed significant weight loss between 220 and 350 °C, attributed to the breakdown of cellulose and lignin. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the formation of amorphous carbon structures and the disruption of graphite planes after sulfonation. Elemental analysis (EDX) indicated an increase in sulfur content, validating the introduction of sulfonic acid groups (-SO₃H), which are crucial for catalytic activity. FT-IR spectra identified the presence of functional groups, including hydroxyl and sulfonic acid groups, further enhancing the catalyst’s potential. Additionally, the biodiesel produced exhibited excellent physicochemical properties, with a density of 0.889 g/cm3and a kinematic viscosity of 4.7 mm2/s, meeting ASTM D6751 standards. Comparative analysis revealed a superior FFA conversion rate of 97%, confirming the efficiency of the prepared catalyst compared to those derived from other biomass sources.

Let Rbe a 2-torsion free unital ∗-ring containing a non-trivial symmetric idempotent. We show that, under certain mild conditions on R, a map H: R→R(without the additivity assumption) satisfies H(R⋄S)=H(R)⋄S+R⋄H(S)for all R,S∈Rif and only if His an additive ∗-derivation. As an application, we will characterize such maps in different operator algebras.

Consider ℜ{\Re}as a prime ring which is non-commutative in structure with a suitable characteristic. Here, 𝒵⁢(ℜ){\mathcal{Z}(\Re)}is the center of ℜ{\Re}and 𝒬{\mathcal{Q}}is the Utumi ring of quotients where 𝒞{\mathcal{C}}is the extended centroid of ℜ{\Re}. Suppose 𝒫{\mathcal{P}}to be a Lie ideal of ℜ{\Re}which is non-central. Let 𝒦{\mathcal{K}}be a generalized derivation of ℜ{\Re}related with derivation μ of ℜ{\Re}. If 𝒦{\mathcal{K}}satisfies certain typical algebraic identities, then we prove that 𝒦{\mathcal{K}}is either the identity map or the zero map or the scalar map and further information is also drawn on the associated scalar unless ℜ{\Re}embeds in M2⁢(𝒞){M_{2}(\mathcal{C})}, a matrix ring of order 2×2{2\times 2}over 𝒞{\mathcal{C}}.

Let Abe a noncommutative prime ring equipped with an involution `∗’. Let Qms(A)be the maximal symmetric ring of quotients of Aand Cbe the extended centroid of A. The objective of this manuscript is to characterize the additive map T:A→Qms(A)satisfying any one of the following conditions. (i)T(a2)=aT(a)+ηT(a)a∗for all a∈A, where η∈Cand η∉{0,1}.(ii)T(a)(a∗)n+anT(a)=0for all a∈A, where nis a fixed positive integer.

Existing masonry structures are severely affected when subjected to strong ground motions, this could be due to the lack of maintenance over the period and the presence of a significant number of seismic vulnerabilities. Restoration and retrofitting are the methods to preserve the aesthetic and overall response of these structures. Therefore, the focus of this research is to employ the non-linear static analysis approach and to investigate the seismic response of existing masonry building structures subjected to strong events. In addition, to develop the fragility functions from empirical and analytical approaches corresponding to different limit states and to assess the seismic performance of historic building stock in Karachi. For this purpose, a prototype masonry structure is modeled on a computational tool 3-Muri and processed through pushover analyses in orthogonal directions considering three different groups of masonry such as Good, Fair, and Poor to incorporate the randomness in material characteristics. Furthermore, results obtained from fragility functions were employed to generate damage matrices corresponding to different intensities of the earthquake. Moreover, for verification of results a comparison of both empirical and analytical approaches illustration is also presented.

Let Rbe an associative ring. A multiplicative semi-derivation dis a map on Rsatisfying

•This paper has discussed all bidirectional DC converters from their basic topology to their advanced bridge topology.•Detailed explanation of the working of newly proposed converters with their applications.•Comparison is done on the basis of different parameters like no. switches, inductors, capacitors etc.•A table of comparison is also included which points out the efficiency of proposed converters and other parameters.•This paper is helpful for those who are looking for all bidirectional DC converters for their reference.

Meshe International, a UK based company is visiting Pakistan from 17th to 28th September, 2002. They have shown their interest for the project at Lakhra coal-field relating to Coal Washing [...]

ICT equipment generates significant amount of green house gases. Presently, the ICT produces more than 830 million tons of CO2, that is about 2% of global CO2emissions, and it is expected to double by 2020 (Chan et al., 2012; Pothitou et al., 2017; Park, 2018). There is a need for ICT to standardise, energy consumption and emissions and investigate means to reduce energy consumption. The electricity consumption which dominates direct carbon footprint of the ICT sector can be reduced by using renewable energy sources. The dye-sensitised-solar-cell (DSC) is a renewable energy device that works well inside a built-environment. The transparent characteristic of DSCs makes it suitable for building-integrated-photovoltaic (BIPV) applications such as windows. In this study, we successfully fabricated and assembled a transparent DSC which was used to power ICT products. Such building-integrated DSC systems can potentially power ICT devices in homes and offices.

Earlier we have shown important roles of MYB in pancreatic tumor pathobiology. To better understand the role of MYB in the tumor microenvironment and identify MYB-associated secreted biomarker proteins, we conducted mass spectrometry analysis of the secretome from MYB-modulated and control pancreatic cancer cell lines. We also performed in silico analyses to determine MYB-associated biofunctions, gene networks, and altered biological pathways. Our data demonstrated significant modulation (p< 0.05) of 337 secreted proteins in MYB-silenced MiaPaCa cells, whereas 282 proteins were differentially present in MYB-overexpressing BxPC3 cells, compared to their respective control cells. Alteration of several phenotypes such as cellular movement, cell death and survival, inflammatory response, protein synthesis, etc. was associated with MYB-induced differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in secretomes. DEPs from MYB-silenced MiaPaCa PC cells were suggestive of the downregulation of genes primarily associated with glucose metabolism, PI3K/AKT signaling, and oxidative stress response, among others. DEPs from MYB-overexpressing BxPC3 cells suggested the enhanced release of proteins associated with glucose metabolism and cellular motility. We also observed that MYB positively regulated the expression of four proteins with potential biomarker properties, i.e., FLNB, ENO1, ITGB1, and INHBA. Mining of publicly available databases using Oncomine and UALCAN demonstrated that these genes are overexpressed in pancreatic tumors and associated with reduced patient survival. Altogether, these data provide novel avenues for future investigations on diverse biological functions of MYB, specifically in the tumor microenvironment, and could also be exploited for biomarker development.

In the present paper, we introduce the notion of generalized (σ,τ){(\sigma,\tau)}-n-derivations in a near-ring Nand investigate a property involving generalized (σ,τ){(\sigma,\tau)}-n-derivations of a prime near-ring N, which makes Na commutative ring. Additive commutativity of a prime near-ring Nsatisfying certain identities involving generalized (σ,τ){(\sigma,\tau)}-n-derivations is also obtained.

Let Rbe a *-ring. In this paper we introduce the notion of *-n-derivation in R. An additive mapping x? x*of Rinto itself is called an involution on Rif it satisfies the conditions: (i) (x*)*= x, (ii) (xy)*= y*x*for all x,y? R. A ring Requipped with an involution `*' is called a *-ring. It is shown that if a prime *-ring Radmits a nonzero *-n-derivation (resp. a reverse *-n-derivation) D, then Ris commutative. Further, some related properties of *-n-derivation in a semiprime *-ring have also been investigated. Finally, a structure theorem for *-n-derivation has been obtained.

A non-empty subset Uof a near-ring Nis said to be a semigroup left (resp. right) ideal of Nif NU⊆U(resp. UN⊆U) and if Uis both a semigroup left ideal and a semigroup right ideal, it will be called a semigroup ideal. In the present paper, we investigate the commutativity of addition and multiplication of near-rings satisfying certain identities involving n-derivations on semigroup ideals and ideals. Furthermore, we study the conditions with semigroup ideals for n-derivations D1and D2of Nwhich imply that D1=D2.

This article describes a university-sponsored home health nursing program in a large urban center in Pakistan and details the essential elements needed in implementing such a program in a developing country. Compared to in-hospital treatment, home healthcare reduced hospital stay from 12.8 days to 3.9 days, and resulted in a net savings of Pakistani rupees(PRs) 5,374,135 (89,569). A cost-effective home treatment program in a resource-limited country can be successfully implemented by using the hospital pharmacy as the central point for the preparation and distribution of medications and specialty nursing services.

A closed-form expression is presented to find the location of solid-liquid interface motion in convection-dominated solidification and melting problems. In this regard, the solutions are expressed in terms of the generalized representations of error functions,E (u, v) andF (u, v), which are useful to heat-conduction problems with convective-type boundary conditions. It is demonstrated that for constant surface temperature, the interface solution reduces to the classical Neumann solution.

Photoconduction in cadmium zinc phosphate glasses of various compositions has been measured in the spectral energy range 1.5 to 6.2 eV. With the P2O5 percentage remaining fixed at 60 mol %, CdO and ZnO contents have been varied between 0 and 40 mol %. Photocurrents start at about 3.85 eV and rise sharply above 4.5 eV. The optical band gap obtained by the extrapolation of the linear region of the photoresponse curve shows a slow decrease with an increase in the applied field. The optical band gap at a particular applied field decreases with increasing ZnO content. The field-dependence of the optical band gap may be explained in terms of an energy band scheme for non-crystalline solids. The composition-dependence may be due some structural changes in the glasses.