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Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a serious problem for agriculture and human health. Under Zn deficient conditions, many physiological functions in plants are disturbed, and cellular homeostasis is badly affected. Under these circumstances, wheat crops produce fewer yields having low concentration of micronutrients in grains. In this modern era of nanotechnology, a possible way to achieve maximum plant growth in a sustainable manner is using nanoparticles (NPs). The present study was developed to observe the ameliorating effect of Zn nanoparticles (ZnNPs) as priming agents in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) plants grown under saline circumstances. Five levels of ZnNPs: 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm, and two levels of salinity: 2 and 12 dS m−1, were studied. The mitigation of stress was seen in ZnNPs-applied wheat plants under salt stress, with a marked rise in total soluble sugars and total free amino acids. A significant decrease in pigment contents, total soluble proteins, and gas exchange characteristics was observed in the stress condition. Application of ZnNPs significantly improved the working of antioxidant enzymes, increased biochemical attributes, and helped regulate water relations and lipid peroxidation in wheat plants in a dose-dependent manner. It is worth mentioning that the application of ZnNPs at a rate of 100 ppm as a seed priming agent was observed to be the most distinct treatment in the accumulation of osmolytes and regulation of growth in wheat plants.

Green technology applications in food waste management have paved the way for bioactive compounds extraction and their utilization in the food industry. In current study, antioxidants were extracted from banana peels through nonthermal techniques, and identified and quantified using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The extract was added to yogurt (at the rate of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%), and quality was assessed. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and taste were improved with altering pH (3.89–5.17) and titratable acidity (1.85–1.09%) while syneresis (30.10–25.2%) and fermentation bacteria decreased. Mineral and color parameters were marginally altered. Therefore, the shelf life of yogurt could be enhanced with BPAE, perhaps transforming it into a rich-textured nutraceutical product.

Mathematical chemistry plays a vital role in investigating the metal-insulator transition Superlattice (GST-SL) of strongly correlated $ 3D $ 3Delectrons due to quantum confinement. The development of epitaxial GST-SL thin films with the design of heterogenous openings is of extraordinary interest due to their applications. The thin-film declaration and the construction of exceptionally arranged amalgam accumulates are crucial for phase transformation application in non-erratic retentiveness. Softening and crystalline elements of the multi-part GST composite have been explored. This paper determines some topological properties, such as degree-based topological descriptors and their entropy measures. More precisely, we analyzed the entropy and the heat of the formation of single crystals, monolayers, and various layers of Ge–Sb–Te.

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AbstractTitanium dioxide is the most common and valuable oxide among four types of oxides of titanium. Its physicochemical properties make it a very valuable compound. The main objective of this article is to initially detect the modules based on highly connected links of the network of the degree-based topological indices. This information is lately integrated with different physical properties of the chemical compound of titanium dioxide to develop different mathematical frameworks based on master regulatory indices of the modules. This connection can be helpful in studying the physical measures at a deeper level in the form of different degree based topological indices.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

The study’s prime objective was to systematically verify maize’s phyto-hazardous tolerance for bisphenol A (BPA). BPA is an emerging pollutant of plastics that may stimulate plant stress reactions. Various levels of BPA (0, 1, 10, 30, 60, and 100 mg L−1) were applied. The effects on germination, physiological and metabolic features, and BPA accumulation were examined. Maize germination indices and IC50values revealed severe inhibition. Low levels of BPA promoted maize growth and photosynthetic activity, but high levels inhibited them. Evans’ blue staining and reduction of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) demonstrate cells are impaired by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased at high BPA levels. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a random distribution of oxidants, antioxidant enzymes, and BPA levels across shoots and roots and a separation in regulating oxidative and antioxidative elements. Cluster analysis revealed the separated grouping of lower to higher levels of BPA under antioxidant enzyme and oxidant regulations in both roots and shoots. A random correlation of antioxidant enzymes and oxidants at different levels of BPA indicated variations in maize seedlings’ root/shoot tolerance to stress. BPA inhibited the synthesis of auxin. Anthocyanin production indicated that maize is sensitive to BPA. Finally, these phytotoxic effects resulted from BPA accumulation. According to the study results, BPA has a greater impact on roots than on shoots. The study reveals BPA’s phytotoxic effects and maize resistance to BPA pollution.

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is a promising technology for future-generation wireless systems, with potential to contribute to the improvement of spectral efficiency. NOMA groups users into clusters, based on channel gain-difference. However, user mobility continuously changes the channel gain, which often requires re-clustering. In this article, we study a set of re-clustering methods: arbitrary, one-by-one and Kuhn-Munkres assignment algorithm (KMAA), that expedite link re-establishment and keep the clusters interference-free, taking into account the mobility of users. The methods are applied to automatically dissociate identified users within clusters, when the gain-difference is lower than a given threshold, followed by re-association procedure, which integrates users into different clusters, maintaining an appropriate gain-difference. Experimental results show that the KMAA method improves efficiency and capacity through minimizing the number of re-clustering events, improving resource utilization, and lowering signaling overhead. Other sets of results highlight the throughput and outage probability gains of the KMAA method across a wide range of mobility scenarios. We also provide an analysis of the KMAA algorithm when applied to MIMO-NOMA, encompassing link resiliency and maintenance of average gain-difference, among users in clusters.

Topological co-indices are topological files that think about the non-touching arrangements of vertices. Here, we think about the going with some notable topological co-indices. The mathematical qualities of atomic designs, called topological co-indices, which are utilized for the quantitative depiction of the structure of different networks are inspected. The strategy for topological co-indices is broken down as one of the methodologies for deciding the connection between the shape of a substance compounds and their properties. Theory of Chemical Graphs is a branch of graph theory that provides a wealth of possibilities for the scientist. Mathematical chemistry combines graph theory with science, relying on molecular graphs, which include vertices that represent molecules atoms and edges that represent molecules bonds. By using chart fundamental examination and allowance, we study the recently referenced topological co-indices of some engineered nuclear diagrams that as regularly as conceivable appear in clinical, manufactured, and material planning. In this paper, we examine the two sort of David Networks and gain the computation formulae of the co-indices of these organizations. Plus, we examine the results by MATLAB and gain the relationship of the co-indices which they depict the physcio-substance properties.

The thermal plasma setup was designed, fabricated, and successfully established. The effects of thermal plasma treatment on the surface morphological, compositional, electrical, mechanical, and wettability properties of zirconium (Zr) have been investigated. The Zr targets were treated with atmospheric Ar thermal plasma at different Ar flow rates ranging from 10 to 25 L/min and under different treatment times starting from 10 to 25 min. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical analyses reveal the growth of various kinds of surface structures, such as microrods, flakes, pores, cracks, dendrites, agglomerates, and ridges on treated Zr. This growth is explainable on the basis of ion-induced localized heating, melting, collisional sputtering, Coulomb explosion, and thermal spike model. It was observed that both the size and number density of flakes decrease from 8 to 5 $\mu \text{m}$ and $87\times 10^{6}$ to $37\times 10^{6}$ cm $^{-2}$ with increasing Ar flow rate and treatment time. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses show that there are no compositional changes in Zr after Ar plasma. However, slight change in crystallite size and dislocation line density is observed. The electrical conductivity has been decreased, while hardness and wettability of Zr are increased after treatment.

Rotating flow for hybrid nanofluid over a stretching surface in the presence of magnetic effect is examined numerically. Hybrid nanofluid consists of graphene oxide and molybdenum disulfide in water base fluid. The inclusion of more than one nanoparticle is carried out due to some outstanding features such as astonishing thermal conduction, which are substantial in heat exchangers, nanotechnology, electronics, and material sciences. In order to attain numerical resolution, the partial differential formulation has been transformed into the corresponding ordinary differential equations. By implementation of apposite similarity variables, the classical Runge–Kutta method and shooting argument have been held to yield finding for the dependent quantities. Thermal transportation enhancement is the need of the day, so this study is made to meet the necessity of industries. A velocity component shows an upsurge with raise in the magnetic field parameter. The magnitude of the velocity component for hybrid nanofluid has a lower boundary as compared to single nanofluid. The temperature profile expressed that hybrid nanofluid is more effective than single nanofluid. These investigations are applicable to the field of the biomedical, automotive industry, nuclear cooling systems, and heat exchangers.

• We propose a new learning-based oversegmentation method for 3D meshes. • We develop a segmentation-aware loss that guides the network in generating boundary-aware superfacets. • We exploit the hierarchical clustering of our method for soft face-superfacet association. • We exploit quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the quality of our oversegmentation method. Superfacets are generated by clustering adjacent mesh faces that share similar characteristics, which can serve as processing units in downstream mesh applications. While there are existing deep neural networks that generate superpixels and superpoints/supervoxels from images and point clouds respectively, the current oversegmentation methods in 3D meshes mostly rely on hand-crafted features that are extracted using non-differentiable algorithms to generate superfacets. Nevertheless, these methods cannot leverage the feature extraction abilities of deep neural networks to generate superfacets in an end-to-end fashion. Therefore, we propose an end-to-end trainable deep neural network that learns to generate boundary-aware superfacets from 3D meshes. Specifically, our network learns a soft face-superfacet association map from faces and their adjacency relationships. Moreover, we develop a segmentation-aware loss on the faces that train the network to predict their labels in an end-to-end manner. We evaluate the performance of our method using mesh adaptations of two well-known superpixel evaluation metrics where experimental results demonstrate that the performance of our proposed network surpasses that of other state-of-the-art mesh oversegmentation methods, and in doing so simultaneously improves superfacet-based semantic segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTConsidering the climate issues, there is a need to investigate the various motivators and triggering factors influencing consumers’ green buying behaviors. The current study examines the influence of green brand knowledge and credibility on the consumers’ green brand evaluation, leading to their green buying behavior. Moreover, the moderating role of green advertising on consumers’ green brand evaluation has been assessed. Surveying 587 organic skincare product consumers via time-lagged research design, data were analyzed using measurement and structural models employing SmartPLS software. Results showed the positive and significant direct and indirect influence of consumers’ green brand knowledge and credibility on their green buying behavior via green brand evaluation as a mediator. Besides, this study is incremental in presenting the significant moderating role of green advertisement to augment consumers’ positive evaluation of green brands that further influence their green buying behaviors while purchasing skincare products.

• Point cloud and Mesh models typically use cosine similarity without normalization. • Softmax loss devise a lower-bound and cause a convergence problem. • The softmax loss function is reformulated to let the network converge properly. • Reformulation of softmax loss shows performance improvements over previous methods. Feature normalization has been a crucial step in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in the past few years. Discriminative feature abstraction is indispensable for boosting the overall performance of learning models. For 3D data, in both point cloud and mesh models, the inner product (cosine similarity) is frequently applied for similarity estimation without normalization. In this paper, we first demonstrate that softmax loss will produce a lower bound and cause a convergence problem if we directly perform feature comparison by cosine similarity. Second, we propose a revised formulation of the softmax loss function that uses an optimized scaled cosine similarity with normalization in the training phase rather than the inner product of two vectors, allowing the network to converge correctly. Experiments show significant improvements over previous methods on several datasets. The SHREC dataset with split16 and split10 achieved 99.16% and 97.66% accuracy, respectively, and the Cube dataset achieved 96.96% accuracy, surpassing previous methods in a mesh classification task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractA total k-labeling φ: V∪ E→ {1, 2, 3,…, k} is called a vertex irregular total k-labeling, if wt(a) ≠ wt(b), for x≠ y∈V, The weight of a vertex is defined as: , where N(a) is the set of neighbors of a. The minimum value of kfor a vertex irregular total k-labeling is called the total vertex irregularity strengthof G, tvs(G) [7].Recently, many authors are studying the two well-known modifications of irregularity strength of graphs, namely, the total edge irregularity strength and the total vertex irregularity strength of graphs. In this paper we study the total vertex irregularity strength of the generalized prism .

Aims:Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a clinically rare and genetically highly heterogeneous developmental disorder. Biallelic variants in the abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated(ASPM) gene account for 40% to 68% of all MCPH cases. This study was designed to elucidate the genetic basis of MCPH in an extended family. To highlight recurrent mutations useful in implementing genetic testing programs, we further aimed to carry out a descriptive review of the reported ASPMmutations.Materials and Methods:A large inbred kindred with seven affected members was investigated, and detailed clinical and behavioral assessments were carried out. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing were performed.Results:Affected individuals had characteristic features, including small head, receding forehead, mild to moderate intellectual disability, developmental delay, short stature, apraxia, and behavioral anomalies. We mapped the disease gene locus and detected a rare frameshift deletion c.6854_6855del (p.(Leu2285GlnfsTer32)) in exon 18 of ASPM. A total of 215 mutations in ASPMhave been reported in at least 453 families, nearly 50% of which are of Pakistani origin. These mutations can be classified as recurrent, founder or private in Pakistani and other populations.Conclusion:SNP-based homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing are essential in delineating the genetically distinct microcephaly types. The highlighted recurrent mutations in ASPMcould be useful in implementing genetic testing programs for MCPH.

This work is based on the preparation of Au–Pt NSs (Nano stars) @Au core, Au–Pt NSs@Au1Pt3core, Au–Pt NSs@Au1Pt1core, Au–Pt NSs@Au3Pt1core and Au@Pt NCs (Nano cubes) by a seed-mediated synthesis route. The characterizations of the prepared bimetallic NSs and NCs were conducted with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The catalytic activities of the prepared Au–Pt NPs for 2-nitrophenol (2NP), 3-nitrophenol (3NP), 4-nitrophenol (4NP), 2-nitroresorcinol (2NR), and 4-nitrocatchol (4NR) reduction have been investigated. The results evidently demonstrated that the superior catalytic activities of Au–Pt alloy nano-dendrites can be attributed to the metal–metal connection (synergy between Au and Pt) in the catalysts.

The concept of a neutrosophic set is an extension of a fuzzy set that uses indeterminacy. Similarly, an intuitionistic set has an extension, which is known as a single-valued neutrosophic set. The extension of intuitionistic fuzzy graphs and fuzzy graphs is single-valued neutrosophic fuzzy graphs (SVNF-graphs), which is the new component of graph theory. These versions of graph theory play an important role in many real-world problems, like medical diagnoses, law, engineering, finance, and industry. SVNF-graphs play an important role in linguistics, genetics, networking, sociology, computer technology, economics, and communication. The topological graph parameter gives a real number to the associated graph. There are numerous topological graph parameters proposed in the literature. In topological graph parameters, some uncertainty exists. Rosenfeld, Atanssov, and Smarandache introduced the concepts of a fuzzy graph, intuitionistic fuzzy graph (IFG), and SVNF-graph to overcome these uncertainties. SVNF-graph, IFG, and FG have vital roles in solving world-life problems. In this research work, we proposed a pythonic environment for the single-value neutrosophic fuzzy topological graph parameters. We introduced for the very first time some SVNF-graph parameters, like the Sombor graph parameter: the third and fourth versions of the SVNF-Sombor graph parameters for the SVNF-graph framework. Also, we have proved some characteristics and bounds of these topological graph parameters. We have discussed the social media application for the SVNF-Sombor graph parameter and its third and fourth versions. Under consideration application, We have shown that deleting a person (vertex) in the network can increase or decrease the chances of sending friend requests to other people of artificial intelligence.

Topological indices (TIs) are numerical structures that are associated with a graph to identify its topology. TIs are highly popular in the literature with a wide range of applications from chemistry to economics. However, TIs have limitations in representating complex relations within the graphs creating some uncertainities. Fuzzy graph (FG) and intuitionistic fuzzy graph (IFG) are introduced to overcome these uncertainities. While a FG a describes degree of membership of an object in a graph, IFG delineate information on membership or nonmembership under uncertainity. This study aims to introduce novel TIs such as the general second Zagreb index, the Sombor index of the third version, and the Sombor index of the fourth version in the IFG framework in order to improve practicality of FG and IFG applications. Some properties of the proposed indices and their upper bounds are provided as well. Proposed TIs are applied to an internet routing network as a case study. Results of the study show that adding more internet routers in the network can increase internet speed and the strength of the entire system. Finally, comparative studies for the Sombor index of the third version and the Sombor index of the fourth version are also revealed.

•In this work, we study the dynamics of three dimensional rotating nanofluid flows subject to magnetohydrodynamic, Darcy-Forchheimer law, bioconvection self-motive microorganism, and activation energy.•The Governing equations preservation of mass, momentum and energy are formulated with partial derivatives which are then transmuted into dimensionless differential form with the enactment of apposite similarity transformations.•To solve the nonlinear governing equations, numerical procedure based on shooting technique and Runge-Kutta method is used to be coded on MATLAB platform.•The emerging parameters are varied to observe the change of microorganism distribution, velocity, concentration of nano species, and temperature distribution.•Results are displayed graphically and discussed. It is noticed that liquid velocity is decelerated against the constraints of inertia and porosity.•The numerical procedure is indicated when close agreement of the current finding is attained in comparison with the existing ones as a limiting case.

Background: A topological index of a molecular graph is the numeric quantity which can predict certain physicaland chemical properties of the corresponding molecule. Xu et al. introduced some graph transformations which increase ordecrease the first and second multiplicative Zagreb indices and proposed a unified approach to characterize extremal (n, m)-graphs. Method: Graph transformations are used to find the extremal graphs, these transformations either increase or decrease thegeneral multiplicative Zagreb indices. By applying the transformations which increase the general multiplicative Zagreb indiceswe find the graphs with maximal general multiplicative Zagreb indices and for minimal general Zagreb indices we usethe transformations which decrease the index. Result: In this paper, we extend the Xus results and show that the same graph transformations increase or decrease the firstand second general multiplicative Zagreb indices for . As an application, the extremal acyclic, unicyclic andbicyclic graphs are presented for general multiplicative Zagreb indices. Conclusion: By applying the transformation we investigated that in the class of acyclic, unicyclic and bicyclic graphs,which graph gives the minimum and the maximum general multiplicative Zagreb indices.

Background: Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) have gained their importance asengineered nanomaterials (ENMs) that have wide applications as catalysts in industry, which directto their prominent occurrence in natural and engineered water systems. Cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO2 NPs) have gained their importance as engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) that have wideapplications as catalysts in industry, which direct to their prominent occurrence in natural andengineered water systems. In wastewater treatment plants, CeO2 NPs can stay colloidally stable andbe unconstrained in the secondary effluents. As they entered into tertiary treatment, such asadvanced oxidation processes (AOPs), it is noteworthy that how the generated reactive oxygenspecies will change the colloidal stability, aggregation, and the surface chemistry of CeO2 NPs. Aim and Objective: The study was aimed to analyze the chemical graph of the crystal structure ofCeria Oxide(cuprite) CeO2. Also, our main objective is to compute the Heat of Formation andEntropy using degree based topological indices. Materials and Methods: Chemical graph theory plays an important role in modeling and designingany chemical structure. The topological indices are the numerical invariants of a molecular graphand are very useful for predicting their physical properties. For calculation, we have utilized thecombinatorial processing strategy, edge partition technique, vertex partition strategy, analyticprocedures, graph hypothetical tools, degree counting technique and entirety of degrees ofneighbor technique. Moreover, Matlab programming has been utilized for numerical computationsand checks. We likewise utilized the maple for plotting these numerical outcomes. Results: We have computed Heat of Formation and Entropy using degree based topologicalindices. Our main results are based on some degree based topological indices, namely, the atombond connectivity index ABC, geometric arithmetic index GA, general Randi index, Forgottenindex, Augmented zagreb index and Balban index for the chemical graph of the crystal structure ofcuprite CeO2[p, q, t] We also provide a detailed application of the computed results. Conclusion: We discuss these indices exhibited difference with the reported heat of formation andentropy of cuprite CeO2[p, q, t] In almost all the cases, an exponential increase of aforementionedindices is observed with the increase in the number of cells or other words size of cuprite CeO2[p, q, t] nanocrystal. On the other hand, a linear relationship of indices with respect to thenumber of formula units suggests a slight modification of these indices for an appropriateexplanation of the physical properties of cuprite CeO2[p, q, t] nanocrystal of varying size and henceits prospective application in nanoceria engineering.

For a graph Gan edge-coveringof Gis a family of subgraphs H1, H2, . . . , Htsuch that each edge of E(G) belongs to at least one of the subgraphs Hi, i= 1, 2, . . . , t. In this case we say that Gadmits an (H1, H2, . . . , Ht)-(edge) covering. An H-coveringof graph Gis an (H1, H2, . . . , Ht)-(edge) coveringin which every subgraph Hiis isomorphic to a given graph H.

In this study, a new class of distribution is introduced called the inverted Nadarajah–Haghighi power series. The new family is derived by compounding inverted Nadarajah–Haghighi and power series distributions. The new class contains some new probability distributions such as inverted Nadarajah–Haghighi logarithmic distribution, inverted Nadarajah–Haghighi geometric distribution, and inverted Nadarajah–Haghighi Poisson distribution. Some statistical properties of the new class are derived. The maximum likelihood estimation procedure is used to estimate the model parameters. Furthermore, a Monte Carlo Simulation is carried out to check the behavior of derived maximum likelihood estimators. The potentiality of the proposed family is assessed via two data sets from different fields. The best-fitted probability distribution is chosen using goodness-of-fit criteria.

A novel printed and compact profile monopole antenna with hybrid reconfigurability structure for switching the resonant frequency and direction of maximum radiations is proposed in this research work. A novel mathematical model for the architecture of Reconfigurable Patch Antenna (RPA), considering input impedance, bandwidth, antenna gain, antenna efficiency and resonant frequency is proposed. For the desired functionality, antenna is incorporated with three switches in such a way that Switch 1 and Switch 2 direct the radiation beam patterns towards different directions while Switch 3 controls the frequency reconfigurability. When Switch 3 is ON, the designed antenna operates at 26.4 GHz covering the 24.2–26.5 GHz band. When Switch 3 is OFF, it operates at 28 GHZ, covering the 27.4–29.8 GHz band. The antenna is proposed to operate at the 5G mobile communication band having a center frequency at 27.6 GHz with a reflection coefficient of −21.5 dB. A 3D design tool HFSS has been used for the simulation purposes.

AbstractLot of achievements have been done to comprehend the latest phenomena of our life by discussing the interrelationship of two boughs, graph theory and algebra, of mathematics. In the modern time, it seems to be of great importance to study about eminent, extensive and certifiable applications through well known tools of graph theory. Combinatorial commutative algebra, moderately new, quickly creating numerical tool and foremost tendril of mathematics, has been used exhaustively to solve a list of open problems in algebra under the shadow of graphs. It can be helpful, instead of algebraically, to find the metric dimension of zero-divisor graphs, NP-complete problem, related with finite mathematical structures. In this article we shall discuss some graphs, zero-divisor graphs of finite Boolean rings and balanced bipartite graphs of conjugacy closed loops, and their associated applications.

A null mutation in a patient can facilitate phenotype assignment and uncovers the function of that specific gene. We present five sibs of a consanguineous Pakistani family afflicted with a new syndrome with an unusual combination of skeletal anomalies including cranial asymmetry, fused sagittal sutures deviating from the medial axis, mandibular prognathia, maxillary hypoplasia, misaligned and crowded teeth, delayed bone age, multiple dislocations, hypoplastic and malpositioned patellae, humeral intracondylar fissures, scapular dyskinesis, long limbs, lumbar lordosis, protruding chest, prominent clavicles, short 5th digital rays, and ventral transverse digital creases plus features of cutis laxa. We mapped the disease gene locus to a 3.62-Mb region at 17q25.3 and identified a homozygous deletion of maximal 7.3?kb deduced to totally inactivate MYADML2and downstream gene PYCR1, biallelic variants in which cause autosomal recessive cutis laxa (ARCL). All five affected sibs had the most common features of ARCL but not many of the less common ones. We attributed the anomalies not typical for ARCL to MYADML2 deficit, because no other genetic defect possibly a candidate to underlie the skeletal phenotype was found. MYADML2is a gene of unknown function, has not been studied, and has not been associated with disease. Our findings present a possible phenotype for MYADML2 deficit that includes impaired bone patterning and maturation, definitely show that the gene is not essential for survival, and provide a start point for future studies on the function of MYADML2 protein. Detection of new patients is needed to confirm and delineate MYADML2-deficiency phenotype.

AbstractIn 2009, T. Mansour, M. Schork, introduce the concept of bridge graphs. A bridge graph B(G1, G2, … , Gm) = B(G1, G2, … , Gm; v1, v2, … , vm) of with respect to the vertices is the graph obtained from the graphs G1; G2; … ; Gmby connecting the vertices viand vi+1by an edge for all I =1; 2; … ; m-1.In this paper, we determine hyper-Zagreb index, first multiple Zagreb index, second multiple Zagreb index, Zagreb polynomials and M-polynomial for nano structures of bridge graphs.

AbstractWe investigate modifications of the well-known irregularity strength of graphs, namely, total (vertex, edge) -irregularity strengths. Recently the bounds and precise values for some families of graphs concerning these parameters have been determined. In this paper, we determine the exact value of the total (vertex, edge) -irregularity strengths for the ladders and fan graphs.

AbstractIn this paper we define a totally irregular total labeling for Cartesian and strong product of two paths, which is at the same time vertex irregular total labeling and also edge irregular total labeling. More preciously, we determine the exact value of the total irregularity strength for Cartesian and strong product of two paths.

AbstractA variety of dendrimers exist, and each has biological properties such as polyvalency, selfassembling, electrostatic interactions, chemical stability, low cytotoxicity, and solubility. These varied characteristics make dendrimers a good choice in the medical field and pharmaceuticals. A topological index is actually designed by transforming a molecular structure into a numeric number. These topological indices correlate certain physicochemical properties like boiling point, stability, strain energy etc of chemical compounds. It is reported that these indices are useful in the study of anti-in ammatory activities, anticancer therapies and diagnostic imaging of certain chemical networks. In this paper, we determine hyper Zagreb index, first multiple Zagreb index, Second multiple Zagreb index, Zagreb polynomials for nanostar dendrimers, Benzenoid and phenylenes.

AbstractChemical graph theory helps to understand the structural properties of a molecular graph. The molecular graphs are the graphs that consist of atoms called vertices and the covalent bond between them called edges. The eccentricity uof vertex uin a connected graph G, is the distance between uand a vertex farthermost from u. In this article, we have introduced degree eccentric-connectivity index and degreev eccentric-connectivity polynomial and computed these for the crystal structure of cubic carbon. Moreover we have also computed eccentric Zagreb indices, eccentric based atom bond connectivity index and eccentric based geometric arithmetic index of crystal structure of cubic carbon for CCC(n).

AbstractGraph theory plays an important role in modeling and designing any chemical structure or network. The molecular topological indices are the numerical invariants of a molecular graph and are very useful for predicting their bioactivity. In this paper we have computed vertex-Szeged index, vertex PI index,the vertex Szeged geometricarithmetic index and the weighted vertex Szeged indexfor the crystal cubic structure CCC(n) of carbon.

AbstractA simple graph G(V, E) admits a H-covering, if every edge in E(G) belongs to a subgraph of Gisomorphic to H. The graph Gis said to be H-magic, if there exists a bijection ψ: V(G) ∪ E(G) → {1, 2, 3, … ,|V(G)|+|E(G)|} such that for every subgraph H¢of Gisomorphic to is constant. Moreover Gis said to be H-super magic, if ψ(V(G)) = {1, 2, 3, … ,|V(G)|}. In this paper, we study the cycle-super magic labeling of a pumpkin graph and two classes of planar maps containing 8-sided and 4-sided faces or 6-sided and 4-sided faces, respectively.

For a simple graph G=(V(G),E(G)), this paper deals with the existence of an edge labeling χ:E(G)→{0,1,…,k−1},2≤k≤|E(G)|, which induces a vertex labeling χ∗:V(G)→{0,1,…,k−1}in such a way that for each vertex v, assigns the label χ(e1)⋅χ(e2)⋅⋯⋅χ(en)((modk)),where e1,e2,…,enare the edges incident to the vertex v. The labeling χis called a k-total edge product cordial labeling of Gif |(eχ(i)+vχ∗(i))−(eχ(j)+vχ∗(j))|≤1for every i,j,0≤i

Sentiment analysis is an important sub-task of Natural Language Processing that aims to determine the polarity of a review. Most of the work done on sentiment analysis is for the resource-rich languages of the world, but very limited work has been done on resource-poor languages. In this work, we focus on developing a Sentiment Analysis System for Roman Urdu, which is a resource-poor language. To this end, a dataset of 11,000 reviews has been gathered from six different domains. Comprehensive annotation guidelines were defined and the dataset was annotated using the multi-annotator methodology. Using the annotated dataset, state-of-the-art algorithms were used to build a sentiment analysis system. To improve the results of these algorithms, four different studies were carried out based on: word-level features, character level features, and feature union. The best results showed that we could reduce the error rate by 12% from the baseline (80.07%). Also, to see if the improvements are statistically significant, we applied t-test and Confidence Interval on the obtained results and found that the best results of each study are statistically significant from the baseline.

AbstractThis note introduces the concept of weighted vertex degrees of a graph G. The new concept is then applied to finding explicit formula for the harmonic polynomial and the harmonic index of certain graphs. It is also applied to finite TUC4C8[m, n] carbon nanotubes if regular chemical contamination is predicted.

Dendrimers are large and complex molecules with very well defined chemical structures. More importantly, dendrimers are highly branched organic macromolecules with successive layers or generations of branch units surrounding a central core. Topological indices are numbers associated with molecular graphs for the purpose of allowing quantitative structure-activity relationships. These topological indices correlate certain physico-chemical properties such as the boiling point, stability, strain energy, and others, of chemical compounds. In this article, we determine hyper-Zagreb index, first multiple Zagreb index, second multiple Zagreb index, and Zagreb polynomials for hetrofunctional dendrimers, triangular benzenoids, and nanocones.

Al bronze are the choice of material for relatively high wear applications besides appreciable mechanical and corrosion properties. In present work, the effect of different heat treatment processes on tribological characteristics of Ni-Al bronze (CuAl10Ni5Fe4, UNS C63000) has been studied. The hot rolled bar of 30 mm diameter was subjected to annealing, quenching and aging processes separately, consequently their effect on microstructure was studied and co-related with tribological characteristics. The formation and nucleation of various phases due to the thermal treatments were observed using optical microscopy. The wear behavior was studied using ball on disk arrangement with 100Cr6 ball and Ni-Al Bronze samples as disk. The characteristics and mechanism of wear track was studied using scanning electron microscope. It was observed that the water quenched sample followed by aging at 300°C exhibited best tribological characteristics.

A numerical number associated to the molecular graph Gthat describes its molecular topology is called topological index. In the study of QSARand QSPR, topological indices such as atom-bond connectivity index, Randić connectivity index, geometric index, etc. help to predict many physico-chemical properties of the chemical compound under study. Dendrimers are macromolecules and have many applications in chemistry, especially in self-assembly procedures and host-guest reactions. The aim of this report is to compute degree-based topological indices, namely the fourth atom-bond connectivity index and fifth geometric arithmetic index of poly propyl ether imine, zinc porphyrin, and porphyrin dendrimers.

Agronomic biofortification by seed treatments is a convenient way to harvest improved yields of micronutrient-enriched grains. This 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of seed priming with zinc (Zn), boron (B) and manganese (Mn) alone and in combinations on stand establishment, grain yield and biofortification of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Seeds of wheat cv. Faisalabad-2008 were soaked in aerated solutions of 0.5m Zn, 0.01m B and 0.1m Mn, alone and in different combinations, for 12h. Seed priming with the micronutrients was quite effective in improving stand establishment, yield-contributing traits, grain yield, and straw and grain micronutrient contents during both years. Best stand establishment was achieved from seed priming with Zn+B, followed by seed priming with Zn+Mn. Grain yield improvement from different seed priming treatments was in the order Zn+B>Zn+Mn>Zn>B>Mn>Zn+B+Mn, with respective increases of 34%, 33%, 21%, 19%, 18% and 8% relative to untreated seeds. Seed priming with Zn, B and Mn alone and in combinations also improved the contents of the respective micronutrients in straw and grain. All seed priming treatments were economically profitable except Zn+B+Mn, which was not cost-effective. The highest benefit:cost ratio accrued from seed priming with Zn+B. In conclusion, seed priming with micronutrients was generally cost-effective in meeting the crop micronutrient requirements, and in improving crop stand, grain yield and grain micronutrient contents in bread wheat. Seed priming with Zn+B was the most effective in this regard.

BackgroundCarbohydrate sulfotransferase 11 (CHST11) is a membrane protein of Golgi that catalyses the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine residues of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate is the predominant proteoglycan in cartilage, and its sulfation is important in the developing growth plate of cartilage. A homozygous deletion encompassing part of the gene and the embedded miRNA MIR3922had been detected in a woman with hand/foot malformation and malignant lymphoproliferative disease. Chst11-deficient mouse has severe chondrodysplasia, congenital arthritis and neonatal lethality. We searched for the causative variant for the unusual combination of limb malformations with variable expressivity accompanied by skeletal defects in a consanguineous Pakistani kindred.MethodsWe performed detailed clinical investigations in family members. Homozygosity mapping using SNP genotype data was performed to map the disease locus and exome sequencing to identify the underlying molecular defect.ResultsThe limb malformations include brachydactyly, overriding digits and clino-symphalangism in hands and feet and syndactyly and hexadactyly in feet. Skeletal defects include scoliosis, dislocated patellae and fibulae and pectus excavatum. The disease locus is mapped to a 1.6 Mb region at 12q23, harbouring a homozygous in-frame deletion of 15 nucleotides in CHST11.Novel variant c.467_481del (p.L156_N160del) is deduced to lead to the deletion of five evolutionarily highly conserved amino acids and predicted as damaging to protein by in silico analysis. Our findings confirm the crucial role of CHST11 in skeletal morphogenesis and show that CHST11defects have variable manifestations that include a variety of limb malformations and skeletal defects.

There is a tendency for applying different integrated geophysical approaches for better hydrocarbon reservoir characterisation and interpretation. In this study, petrophysical properties, seismic structural and poststack seismic inversion results are integrated using the fuzzy logic AND operator to characterise the Tensleep Sandstone Formation (TSF) at Powder River Basin (PRB), Wyoming, USA. TSF is deposited in a coastal plain setting during the Pennsylvanian era, and contains cross-bedded sandstone of Aeolian origin as a major lithology with alternative sabkha dolomite/carbonates. Wireline logging datasets from 17 wells are used for the detailed petrophysical evaluation. Three units of the TSF (A-sandstone, B-dolomite and B-sandstone) are targeted and their major rock properties estimated (i.e. shale/clay volume, Vsh; porosity, φEff; permeability, K; fluid saturations, Swand SH; and bulk volume water, BVW). The B-sandstone zone, with its petrophysical properties of 5–20% effective porosity, 0.10–250 mD permeability and hydrocarbon potential up to 72%, is considered the best reservoir zone among the three studied units. Distributions of the most important petrophysical parameters of the B-sandstone reservoir (Vsh, φEff, K, Sw) are generated as GIS thematic layers.The two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) seismic structural interpretations revealed that the hydrocarbons are entrapped in an anticlinal structure bounded with fault closures at the west of the study area. Poststack acoustic impedance (PSAI) inversion is performed on 3D seismic data to extract the inverted acoustic impedance (AI) cube. Two attribute slices (inverted AI and seismic amplitude) were extracted at the top of the B-sandstone unit as GIS thematic layers. The reservoir properties and inverted seismic attributes were then integrated using fuzzy AND operator. Finally, a fuzzy reservoir quality map was produced, and a prospective reservoir area with best reservoir characteristics is proposed for future exploration. The current study showed that integration of petrophysical, seismic structural and poststack inversion under a fuzzy logic platform can be used as an effective tool for interpreting multiple reservoir zones.

To imitate the uncertainty and ambiguity in various decision-making problems, the T-spherical fuzzy set is more pragmatic and influential than the picture fuzzy set and q-rung orthopair fuzzy set. Because of the vagueness and fuzziness found in real-life problems, in which intuitionistic fuzzy sets may not give adequate results, the T-spherical fuzzy set is an efficient mathematical model to deal with them and can be handled effectively by using the notion of T-spherical fuzzy sets. In a different framework which is based on more opinions like yes, no, refusal, and abstaining, the T-spherical fuzzy set has been proven to be the most beneficial. In this article, we proposed the idea of T-spherical fuzzy Hamacher graphs (TSFHGs) based on Hamacher t-norm and t-conorm. We investigate the notion of the energy of TSFHGs, splitting TSFHGs, and shadow TSFHGs. Further, we introduce the Randić energy of TSFHG and studied its fundamental results. Moreover, we introduced the T-spherical fuzzy Hamacher digraphs (TSFHDGs) and discussed various results. We studied the applications of the proposed energies of TSFHGs in a decision-making problem by using an algorithm involving TSFHDGs and Hamacher aggregation operators. We also established a comparative study to see the significance of our proposed results.

A numeric quantity which characterizes the whole structure of a graph is called a topological index. The concept of Generalized Zagreb, atom–bond connectivity (ABC)and geometric–arithmetic (GA)topological indices was established in chemical graph theory based on vertex degrees. Later on, other versions of ABCand GAindices were introduced and some of the versions of these indices are recently designed. In this article, we compute, Generalized Zagreb index GZ, fourth version of atom–bond connectivity (ABC4)index and fifth version of geometric–arithmetic (GA5)index for an infinite class of Titania nanotubes TiO2[m,n].

We explored the insinuations of bio-convection and thermal radiation on nanofluid transportation across stretching permeable wedge with magnetic force. Appropriate similarity transformation variables are utilized to achieve ordinary differential equations. In order to tackle the non-linearity of these equations, numerical procedure based on shooting technique and Range Kutta method are harnessed on MATLAB platform. Computational and devour is carried out to evaluate the influence of controlling limitations on temperature, velocity, concentration of nanofluids and micro-organisms density. The growing strength of thermophoresis and Brownian motion enhance the fluid temperature. The profile volume fraction show decline against higher values of parameters which are Lewis number, unsteadiness and Brownian motion but opposite trend noted against higher value of Williamson and thermophoresis parameters. The skin friction values rise with the growing values of parameter of wedge angle for the moving wedge. The motile organism profile exhibits decrease against growing strength of Peclet number, bioconvection Lewis number, temperature difference and unsteady parameters while opposite behavior has been noted against wedge angle parameter.

Three Phase Inverters being used today are based on Field Orientation Control (FOC) and Sine Wave PWM (SPWM) techniques because 120 degree or 180 degree conduction methods produce high value of THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) in the power system. The Indirect Field Orientation Control (IFOC) method is difficult to implement in real systems due to speed sensor accuracy issue. This paper discusses the problem with IFOC and a PWM based 180 degree conduction mode for the three phase inverter. The modified control method improves THD and this paper also compares the results obtained using modified control method with the conventional 180 degree conduction mode.

The discharge of dye loaded effluents from textile and food industries into natural water has skyrocketed in the last few years due to booming industrialization that stands to serve a mushrooming population. The adulterated water poses a serious threat to human and aquatic life. The present work aims to engage electrochemical methods by designing an electrochemical sensor using a modified glassy carbon electrode with amine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NH2-fMWCNTs) to detect nanomolar concentration of Metanil Yellow (MY) which is an azo dye used illegally in food industry. Various experimental conditions, such as the supporting electrolyte, pH of the electrolyte, deposition potential, and deposition time were optimized for the best performance of the designed sensing platform by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection of MY was found to be 0.17 nM. The catalytic degradation of the dye was also probed by the designed nanosensor electrochemically and the results were supported by UV–visible spectroscopic technique. The dye was found to follow pseudo first order kinetics with a degradation extent of 98.7%. The obtained results hold great promise in the context of water purification for safeguarding human and aquatic lives from the effects of toxic dye effluents.