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•Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome is a high-risk state for adverse health outcomes in older adults characterized by measured slow gait speed and self-reported cognitive complaints.•We used both Cox proportional hazards and competing risk regression methods to evaluate the risk of developing all-cause incident dementia over 10 years of follow-up for individuals with and without MCR.•The presence of MCR increased the risk of incident dementia (adjusted hazard ratio 2.34, 95%CI 1.14–4.78, p = 0.020), as did fewer years of education and higher depression symptoms.•MCR showed similar prognostic ability for dementia in a Scottish cohort as for other populations. MCR could identify a target group for early interventions of modifiable risk factors to prevent incident dementia.

ObjectivesTo identify and summarise existing indices for measuring multimorbidity beyond disease counts, to establish which indices include mental health comorbidities or outcomes, and to develop recommendations based on applicability, performance, and usage.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesSeven medical research databases (Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus) from inception to October 2018 and bibliographies and citations of relevant papers. Searches were limited to English language publications.Eligibility criteria for study selectionOriginal articles describing a new multimorbidity index including more information than disease counts and not focusing on comorbidity associated with one specific disease. Studies were of adults based in the community or at population level.ResultsAmong 7128 search results, 5560 unique titles were identified. After screening against eligibility criteria the review finally included 35 papers. As index components, 25 indices used conditions (weighted or in combination with other parameters), five used diagnostic categories, four used drug use, and one used physiological measures. Predicted outcomes included mortality (18 indices), healthcare use or costs (13), hospital admission (13), and health related quality of life (7). 29 indices considered some aspect of mental health, with most including it as a comorbidity. 12 indices are recommended for use.Conclusions35 multimorbidity indices are available, with differing components and outcomes. Researchers and clinicians should examine existing indices for suitability before creating new ones.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42017074211.