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277 results on '"Nürnberger, P."'

2. An interactive 3D framework for anatomical education

Author

Vázquez, Pere-Pau, Götzelmann, Timo, Hartmann, Knut, and Nürnberger, Andreas

Abstract

Abstract: Object: This paper presents a 3D framework for Anatomy teaching. We are mainly concerned with the proper understanding of human anatomical 3D structures. Materials and methods: The main idea of our approach is taking an electronic book such as Henry Gray’s Anatomy of the human body, and a set of 3D models properly labeled, and constructing the correct linking that allows users to perform mutual searches between both media. Results: We implemented a system where learners can interactively explore textual descriptions and 3D visualizations. Conclusion: Our approach allows easily performing two search tasks: first, the user may select a text region and get a view showing the objects that contain the selected structures, and second, using the interactive exploration of a 3D model the user may automatically search for the textual description of the structures visible in the current view.

Published
2024
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3. Wärmeübergangs- und Tropfencharakteristik für eine Spraykühlung im Temperaturbereich von 900–100 °C

Author

Krause, C., Wulf, E., Nürnberger, F., and Bach, F.-W.

Abstract

Zusammenfassung: Im Rahmen des Projektes B3, ,,Integrierte Wärmebehandlung‘‘, des Sonderforschungsbereichs 489 werden an der Leibniz Universität Hannover präzisionsgeschmiedete Bauteile aus der Schmiedewärme mit Hilfe eines Zweiphasensprays randschichtvergütet. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchungen war es, den von den Sprayeigenschaften und der Oberflächentemperatur abhängigen Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten für den verwendeten Vergütungsstahl 42CrMo4 (1.7225) zu berechnen und mit der Weberzahl, die die Tropfencharakteristik des Sprays beschreibt, in Korrelation zu bringen.

Published
2024
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4. Oxygen-Free Compound Casting of Aluminum and Copper in a Silane-Doped Inert Gas Atmosphere: A New Approach to Increase Thermal Conductivity

Author

Fromm, Andreas C., Barienti, Khemais, Selmanovic, Armin, Thürer, Susanne E., Nürnberger, Florian, Maier, Hans Jürgen, and Klose, Christian

Abstract

Novel aluminum-copper compound castings devoid of oxide layers at the interface between the joining partners were developed in order to increase the thermal conductivity of the hybrid component. Due to the natural oxide layers of both aluminum and copper, metallurgical bonds between such bi-metal castings cannot be easily achieved in conventional processes. However, in an atmosphere comparable to extreme high vacuum created by using silane-doped inert gas, metallurgical bonds between the active surfaces of both aluminum and copper can be realized without additional coatings or fluxes. An intermetallic was created between aluminum and copper. Thus, very high thermal conductivities could be obtained for these hybrid castings, exceeding those of conventionally joined samples considerably. The intermetallic phase seams emerging between the joining partners were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The reduction of casting temperatures resulted in narrower intermetallic phase seams and these in turn in a much lower contact resistance between the two joining partners. This effect can be utilized for increasing the heat transfer capabilities of compound casting components employed for cooling heat sources such as high-power light-emitting diodes.

Published
2023
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5. The wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr43encodes an unusual protein kinase

Author

Yu, Guotai, Matny, Oadi, Gourdoupis, Spyridon, Rayapuram, Naganand, Aljedaani, Fatimah R., Wang, Yan L., Nürnberger, Thorsten, Johnson, Ryan, Crean, Emma E., Saur, Isabel M.-L., Gardener, Catherine, Yue, Yajuan, Kangara, Ngonidzashe, Steuernagel, Burkhard, Hayta, Sadiye, Smedley, Mark, Harwood, Wendy, Patpour, Mehran, Wu, Shuangye, Poland, Jesse, Jones, Jonathan D. G., Reuber, T. Lynne, Ronen, Moshe, Sharon, Amir, Rouse, Matthew N., Xu, Steven, Holušová, Kateřina, Bartoš, Jan, Molnár, István, Karafiátová, Miroslava, Hirt, Heribert, Blilou, Ikram, Jaremko, Łukasz, Doležel, Jaroslav, Steffenson, Brian J., and Wulff, Brande B. H.

Abstract

To safeguard bread wheat against pests and diseases, breeders have introduced over 200 resistance genes into its genome, thus nearly doubling the number of designated resistance genes in the wheat gene pool1. Isolating these genes facilitates their fast-tracking in breeding programs and incorporation into polygene stacks for more durable resistance. We cloned the stem rust resistance gene Sr43, which was crossed into bread wheat from the wild grass Thinopyrum elongatum2,3. Sr43encodes an active protein kinase fused to two domains of unknown function. The gene, which is unique to the Triticeae, appears to have arisen through a gene fusion event 6.7 to 11.6 million years ago. Transgenic expression of Sr43in wheat conferred high levels of resistance to a wide range of isolates of the pathogen causing stem rust, highlighting the potential value of Sr43in resistance breeding and engineering.

Published
2023
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6. Characterization of the tribologically relevant cover layers formed on copper in oxygen and oxygen-free conditions

Author

Raumel, Selina, Barienti, Khemais, Luu, Hoang-Thien, Merkert, Nina, Dencker, Folke, Nürnberger, Florian, Maier, Hans Jürgen, and Wurz, Marc Christopher

Abstract

Engineering in vacuum or under a protective atmosphere permits the production of materials, wherever the absence of oxygen is an essential demand for a successful processing. However, very few studies have provided quantitative evidence of the effect of oxidized surfaces to tribological properties. In the current study on 99.99% pure copper, it is revealed that tribo-oxidation and the resulting increased abrasive wear can be suppressed by processing in an extreme high vacuum (XHV) adequate environment. The XHV adequate atmosphere was realized by using a silane-doped shielding gas (1.5 vol% SiH4in argon). To analyse the influence of the ambient atmosphere on the tribological and mechanical properties, a ball—disk tribometer and a nanoindenter were used in air, argon, and silane-doped argon atmosphere for temperatures up to 800 °C. Resistance measurements of the resulting coatings were carried out. To characterize the microstructures and the chemical compositions of the samples, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used. The investigations have revealed a formation of η-Cu3Si in silane-doped atmosphere at 300 °C, as well as various intermediate stages of copper silicides. At temperatures above 300 °C, the formation of γ-Cu5Si were detected. The formation was linked to an increase in hardness from 1.95 to 5.44 GPa, while the Young’s modulus increased by 46% to 178 GPa, with the significant reduction of the wear volume by a factor of 4.5 and the suppression of further oxidation and susceptibility of chemical wear. In addition, the relevant diffusion processes were identified using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Published
2023
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8. Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Functional Network Reorganization After Stroke in Hemianopia Patients: An Electroencephalogram-Tracking Study

Author

Xu, Jiahua, Schoenfeld, Mircea Ariel, Rossini, Paolo M., Tatlisumak, Turgut, Nürnberger, Andreas, Antal, Andrea, He, Huiguang, Gao, Ying, and Sabel, Bernhard A.

Abstract

Objective:Hemianopia after occipital stroke is believed to be mainly due to local damage at or near the lesion site. However, magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest functional connectivity network (FCN) reorganization also in distant brain regions. Because it is unclear whether reorganization is adaptive or maladaptive, compensating for, or aggravating vision loss, we characterized FCNs electrophysiologically to explore localand globalbrain plasticity and correlated FCN reorganization with visual performance.Methods:Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded in chronic, unilateral stroke patients and healthy age-matched controls (n= 24 each). This study was approved by the local ethics committee. The correlation of oscillating EEG activity was calculated with the imaginary part of coherence between pairs of regions of interest, and FCN graph theory metrics (degree, strength, clustering coefficient) were correlated with stimulus detection and reaction time.Results:Stroke brains showed altered FCNs in the alpha- and low beta-band in numerous occipital, temporal brain structures. On a globallevel, FCN had a less efficient network organization whereas on the locallevel node networks were reorganized especially in the intact hemisphere. Here, the occipital network was 58% more rigid (with a more “regular” network structure) whereas the temporal network was 32% more efficient (showing greater “small-worldness”), both of which correlated with worse or better visual processing, respectively.Conclusions:Occipital stroke is associated with both localand globalFCN reorganization, but this can be both adaptive and maladaptive. We propose that the more “regular” FCN structure in the intact visual cortex indicates maladaptiveplasticity, where less processing efficacy with reduced signal/noise ratio may cause the perceptual deficits in the intact visual field (VF). In contrast, reorganization in intact temporal brain regions is presumably adaptive, possibly supporting enhanced peripheral movement perception.

Published
2022
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9. Evasion of plant immunity by microbial pathogens

Author

Wang, Yan, Pruitt, Rory N., Nürnberger, Thorsten, and Wang, Yuanchao

Abstract

Plant pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi and oomycetes cause destructive diseases in natural habitats and agricultural settings, thereby threatening plant biodiversity and global food security. The capability of plants to sense and respond to microbial infection determines the outcome of plant–microorganism interactions. Host-adapted microbial pathogens exploit various infection strategies to evade or counter plant immunity and eventually establish a replicative niche. Evasion of plant immunity through dampening host recognition or the subsequent immune signalling and defence execution is a crucial infection strategy used by different microbial pathogens to cause diseases, underpinning a substantial obstacle for efficient deployment of host genetic resistance genes for sustainable disease control. In this Review, we discuss current knowledge of the varied strategies microbial pathogens use to evade the complicated network of plant immunity for successful infection. In addition, we discuss how to exploit this knowledge to engineer crop resistance.

Published
2022
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10. Creation of a Knowledge Space by Semantically Linking Data Repository and Knowledge Management System - a Use Case from Production Engineering

Author

Sheveleva, Tatyana, Wawer, Max Leo, Oladazimi, Pooya, Koepler, Oliver, Nürnberger, Florian, Lachmayer, Roland, Auer, Sören, and Mozgova, Iryna

Abstract

The seamless documentation of research data flows from generation, processing, analysis, publication, and reuse is of utmost importance when dealing with large amounts of data. Semantic linking of process documentation and gathered data creates a knowledge space enabling the discovery of relations between steps of process chains. This paper shows the design of two systems for data deposit and for process documentation using semantic annotations and linking on a use case of a process chain step of the Tailored Forming Technology.

Published
2022
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11. Leakage Localization in District Heating Networks Based on Real Network and Measurement Data

Author

Vahldiek, Kai, Koltermann, Julia, Pierl, Dennis, Rüger, Bernd, Nürnberger, Andreas, Michels, Kai, and Klawonn, Frank

Abstract

Fast localization of leakages in district heating networks is a demanding yet important task for network operation. Every leakage results in a loss of medium thus of energy. In case of small leakages, the medium lost can be replenished to maintain network operation. However, if the loss of medium is too large, it may be inevitable to shut down network operation. This can be prevented by separating the damaged network part using exclusion areas. For this, the leakage must be assigned to the correct exclusion area as fast and accurately as possible. This is a major challenge for current district heating networks without existing or with leakage localization systems delivering results too slow, so that other methods of leakage detection and localization are needed here. In a joint research project, three model- and data-based approaches are developed to localize leakages in real time. These are based on operating data which are typically measured for operational needs such as pressure or flow rate. The first approach evaluates the pressure wave which traverses the network at speed of sound when a leakage occurs. The second, purely data-driven approach uses machine learning models to localize leakages. The training phase of this approach is based on a large number of simulated leakages using a network model. The last approach uses the same network model to numerically compute the network state and localize leakages depending on available measurement data. In previous publications these approaches are evaluated using simulated measurement data with encouraging results. In this paper the work is continued and carried out to measurement data of a real district heating network. It is shown that each method is individually applicable to localize leakages under real conditions and provides plausible results. This encourages further development for using synergies which may deliver even better results.

Published
2021
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12. Distinct immune sensor systems for fungal endopolygalacturonases in closely related Brassicaceae

Author

Zhang, Lisha, Hua, Chenlei, Pruitt, Rory N., Qin, Si, Wang, Lei, Albert, Isabell, Albert, Markus, van Kan, Jan A. L., and Nürnberger, Thorsten

Abstract

Plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) facilitate recognition of microbial patterns and mediate activation of plant immunity. Arabidopsis thalianaRLP42 senses fungal endopolygalacturonases (PGs) and triggers plant defence through complex formation with SOBIR1 and SERK co-receptors. Here, we show that a conserved 9-amino-acid fragment pg9(At) within PGs is sufficient to activate RLP42-dependent plant immunity. Structure–function analysis reveals essential roles of amino acid residues within the RLP42 leucine-rich repeat and island domains for ligand binding and PRR complex assembly. Sensitivity to pg9(At), which is restricted to A. thalianaand exhibits scattered accession specificity, is unusual for known PRRs. Arabidopsis arenosaand Brassica rapa, two Brassicaceae species closely related to A. thaliana, respectively perceive immunogenic PG fragments pg20(Aa) and pg36(Bra), which are structurally distinct from pg9(At). Our study provides evidence for rapid evolution of polymorphic PG sensors with distinct pattern specificities within a single plant family.

Published
2021
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13. Heat Transfers Coefficients of Directly and Indirectly Cooled Component Areas during Air-Water Spray Cooling

Author

Kahra, C., Nürnberger, F., Maier, H. J., and Herbst, S.

Abstract

For the determination of heat transfer coefficients in air-water spray cooling, two methods are presented that are capable of characterizing multi-nozzle cooling set-ups. The methods are based on the quenching of thin-walled tubes or massive cylinders on which cooling curves are recorded at given positions with thermocouples. The temperature dependent heat transfer coefficients were calculated by an inverse calculation and the measured temperature-time-curves could be reproduced with these data in numerical cooling simulations. Next, the determined heat transfer coefficients were used for the calculation of an air-water-spray quenching process of a forging part with more challenging geometry. The calculated results were compared with thermocouple measurements. Different calculation variants for the heat transfer on component surfaces not directly exposed to the air-water spray are shown and discussed. ◼

Published
2021
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14. Evaluation of Cu-Ni-Based Alloys for Thermoelectric Energy Conversion

Author

Steinhoff, Timon, Wolf, Mario, Nürnberger, Florian, Gerstein, Gregory, and Feldhoff, Armin

Abstract

The recent revitalization of Ioffe plots (entropy conductivity versus electrical conductivity) reminds us that Isotan (Cu55Ni44Mn1) is an outstanding thermoelectric material with a power factor of up to 60 W cm-1 K-2 at a specific electrical conductivity of almost 20,000 S cm-1 at elevated temperature. Even though, Isotan is widely used in thermoelements for temperature measurement, its high open-circuited thermal conductivity of approximately 70 W cm-1 K-2 [1] hindered further research as a promising thermoelectric material. Isotan was chosen as a starting composition. Influence of partial substitution of Cu and Ni with heavy elements (Sn,W) on the thermoelectric properties was studied. The alloys were fabricated by arc-melting and microstructurally characterized for grain size and elemental composition by scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDXS). Lattice symmetry and parameters were estimated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Functional properties as Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and power factor were used to evaluate the thermoelectric performance.

Published
2021
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15. The EDS1–PAD4–ADR1 node mediates Arabidopsispattern-triggered immunity

Author

Pruitt, Rory N., Locci, Federica, Wanke, Friederike, Zhang, Lisha, Saile, Svenja C., Joe, Anna, Karelina, Darya, Hua, Chenlei, Fröhlich, Katja, Wan, Wei-Lin, Hu, Meijuan, Rao, Shaofei, Stolze, Sara C., Harzen, Anne, Gust, Andrea A., Harter, Klaus, Joosten, Matthieu H. A. J., Thomma, Bart P. H. J., Zhou, Jian-Min, Dangl, Jeffery L., Weigel, Detlef, Nakagami, Hirofumi, Oecking, Claudia, Kasmi, Farid El, Parker, Jane E., and Nürnberger, Thorsten

Abstract

Plants deploy cell-surface and intracellular leucine rich-repeat domain (LRR) immune receptors to detect pathogens1. LRR receptor kinases and LRR receptor proteins at the plasma membrane recognize microorganism-derived molecules to elicit pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), whereas nucleotide-binding LRR proteins detect microbial effectors inside cells to confer effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Although PTI and ETI are initiated in different host cell compartments, they rely on the transcriptional activation of similar sets of genes2, suggesting pathway convergence upstream of nuclear events. Here we report that PTI triggered by the ArabidopsisLRR receptor protein RLP23 requires signalling-competent dimers of the lipase-like proteins EDS1 and PAD4, and of ADR1 family helper nucleotide-binding LRRs, which are all components of ETI. The cell-surface LRR receptor kinase SOBIR1 links RLP23 with EDS1, PAD4 and ADR1 proteins, suggesting the formation of supramolecular complexes containing PTI receptors and transducers at the inner side of the plasma membrane. We detected similar evolutionary patterns in LRR receptor protein and nucleotide-binding LRR genes across Arabidopsisaccessions; overall higher levels of variation in LRR receptor proteins than in LRR receptor kinases are consistent with distinct roles of these two receptor families in plant immunity. We propose that the EDS1–PAD4–ADR1 node is a convergence point for defence signalling cascades, activated by both surface-resident and intracellular LRR receptors, in conferring pathogen immunity.

Published
2021
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17. Management of EMS on-scene time during advanced life support in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a retrospective observational trial

Author

Poppe, Michael, Krammel, Mario, Clodi, Christian, Schriefl, Christoph, Warenits, Alexandra-Maria, Nürnberger, Alexander, Losert, Heidrun, Girsa, Michael, Holzer, Michael, and Weiser, Christoph

Abstract

Objective Most western emergency medical services provide advanced life support in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest aiming for a return of spontaneous circulation at the scene. Little attention is given to prehospital time management in the case of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with regard to early coronary angiography or to the start of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation treatment within 60 minutes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest onset. We investigated the emergency medical services on-scene time, defined as emergency medical services arrival at the scene until departure to the hospital, and its association with 30-day survival with favourable neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Methods All patients of over 18 years of age with non-traumatic, non-emergency medical services witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between July 2013 and August 2015 from the Vienna Cardiac Arrest Registry were included in this retrospective observational study.Results Out of 2149 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients, a total of 1687 (79%) patients were eligible for analyses. These patients were stratified into groups according to the on-scene time (<35 minutes, 35–45 minutes, 45–60 minutes, >60 minutes). Within short on-scene time groups, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest occurred more often in public and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was more common (both P<0.001). Patients who did not achieve return of spontaneous circulation at the scene showed higher rates of 30-day survival with favourable neurological outcome with an on-scene time of less than 35 minutes (adjusted odds ratio 5.00, 95% confidence interval 1.39–17.96).Conclusion An emergency medical services on-scene time of less than 35 minutes was associated with higher rates of survival and favourable outcomes. It seems to be reasonable to develop time optimised advance life support protocols to minimise the on-scene time in view of further treatments such as early coronary angiography as part of post-resuscitation care or extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Published
2020
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18. Effects of Cryogenic Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-alloyed Tool Steels

Author

Schulz, Alwin, Cui, Chengsong, Steinbacher, Matthias, Ümit, Tuncer, Wunde, Martin, Jung, Ingrid, Acar, Serdal, Nürnberger, Florian, Gerstein, Gregory, Herbst, Sebastian, and Maier, Hans Jürgen

Abstract

In this work, the influence of a cryogenic treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance of the high-alloyed tool steels X38CrMoV5-3, X153CrMoV12 and ~X190CrVMo20-4 were investigated. Based on tempering curves of the steels, the heat treatment parameters were determined for the mechanical and wear specimens so that the conventionally heat-treated steels and the cryogenically treated steels featured similar hardness. The investigations showed that an almost complete transformation of retained austenite and a more homogeneous distribution of secondary carbides in the microstructure could be achieved by incorporating a cryogenic treatment. However, the cryogenic treatment does not show significantly positive effects on the investigated mechanical properties and wear resistance of the tool steels. The wear resistance of the samples was dominated by primary carbides. The cryogenic treatment would have a positive effect on large tool components with large wall thicknesses in terms of uniform and complete transformation of retained austenite throughout the entire components.

Published
2020
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19. Effects of Cryogenic Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-alloyed Tool Steels

Author

Schulz, Alwin, Cui, Chengsong, Steinbacher, Matthias, Ümit, Tuncer, Wunde, Martin, Jung, Ingrid, Acar, Serdal, Nürnberger, Florian, Gerstein, Gregory, Herbst, Sebastian, and Maier, Hans Jürgen

Abstract

In this work, the influence of a cryogenic treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance of the high-alloyed tool steels X38CrMoV5-3, X153CrMoV12 and ~X190CrVMo20-4 were investigated. Based on tempering curves of the steels, the heat treatment parameters were determined for the mechanical and wear specimens so that the conventionally heat-treated steels and the cryogenically treated steels featured similar hardness. The investigations showed that an almost complete transformation of retained austenite and a more homogeneous distribution of secondary carbides in the microstructure could be achieved by incorporating a cryogenic treatment. However, the cryogenic treatment does not show significantly positive effects on the investigated mechanical properties and wear resistance of the tool steels. The wear resistance of the samples was dominated by primary carbides. The cryogenic treatment would have a positive effect on large tool components with large wall thicknesses in terms of uniform and complete transformation of retained austenite throughout the entire components.

Published
2020
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20. Ion Beam Processing for Sample Preparation of Hybrid Materials with Strongly Differing Mechanical Properties

Author

Barienti, Khemais, Kahra, Christoph, Herbst, Sebastian, Nürnberger, Florian, and Maier, Hans Jürgen

Abstract

For studies of the interface zone of metallic composites with significantly differing mechanical properties across the interface, high-quality sample preparation is paramount. In particular, the analysis of the composition or geometric characteristics of intermetallic phases close to the interface requires a preparation specifically adapted to the actual sample. In the present study, the combination of ion beam processing and a conventional metallographic preparation routine is investigated. It is shown that by utilizing a suitable combination of metallographic and ion beam processing routines, the interface zone of metallic composites can be prepared specifically targeted to a given analytical task. Especially for material combinations with largely differing mechanical properties of the base materials, ion beam processing can greatly improve the sample preparation quality.

Published
2020
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21. Visualization and Observation of Morphological Peculiarities of Twin Formation in Mg-Based Samples After Electrically Assisted Forming

Author

Reschka, Silvia, Gerstein, Gregory, Dalinger, Andrej, Herbst, Sebastian, Nürnberger, Florian, and Zaefferer, Stephan

Abstract

By using electrically assisted forming the usually rather poor workability of magnesium can be improved. The processes taking place during these forming operations have a strong influence on the microstructure. However, the metallographic preparation of magnesium is challenging due to its low hardness and strong tendency to oxidize. Therefore, a reliable preparation method was developed that revealed the microstructural features caused by the electrically assisted forming. The different morphologies of twins caused by plastic deformation and of those caused by an electric impulse could clearly be distinguished.

Published
2019
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24. Preparation Methods for Scanning Electron Microscope Characterization of Nano-Carbides in Cold Work Steel X153CrMoV12

Author

Acar, S., Gerstein, G., Cui, C., Schulz, A., and Nürnberger, F.

Abstract

The suitability of different preparation methods for imaging nano-carbides by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was evaluated taking the example of cold work steel X153CrMoV12 manufactured by powder metallurgy. The ion beam slope cutting method, carbide etching using sulfurous acid, and electrolytic polishing using the Struers electrolyte A2 were considered in this study. The preparation aim was to develop an appropriate method for the qualitative detection of nano-carbides using the SEM to characterize relatively large sample areas and to substitute time-consuming transmission electron microscope examinations. The carbide detection was performed on heat-treated samples using sulfurous acid, applying the ion beam slope cutting method, and by electrolytic polishing using the electrolyte A2. In the SEM, nano-carbides could be observed on the sample surfaces prepared by ion beam slope cutting and the electrolytically polished ones. The examinations were performed on conventionally quenched and tempered material samples of cold work steel X153CrMoV12 (reference condition) as well as on samples subjected to deep cryogenic treatment (DCT). Deep cryogenic treated samples showed a significantly increased number of nano-carbides.

Published
2019
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25. Simulation-Aided Process Chain Design for the Manufacturing of Hybrid Shafts

Author

Behrens, B.-A., Breidenstein, B., Duran, D., Herbst, S., Lachmayer, R., Löhnert, S., Matthias, T., Mozgova, I., Nürnberger, F., Prasanthan, V., Siqueira, R., Töller, F., and Wriggers, P.

Abstract

Researchers of the Collaborative Research Centre CRC 1153 are investigating novel process chains to manufacture function-adapted and lightweight machine components. In each step of the process chain, numerical simulation tools are utilised in the process design to take into account locally specific material behaviour under particular processing conditions. In this paper, solution approaches associated with the modelling of manufacturing processes are presented.

Published
2019
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26. Strategies for the Heat Treatment of Steel-Aluminium Hybrid Components

Author

Herbst, S., Maier, H. J., and Nürnberger, F.

Abstract

The production of massive steel-aluminium hybrid components by means of massive (hot) forming following a joining operation requires advanced heat treatment strategies for the adjustment of local material properties with maximum joint strengths. For the given process-step sequence, the challenge is that the heat treatment of the hybrid component can only take place in the joined state and after (hot) forming. Consequently, suitable heat treatment strategies must enable both a T6 heat treatment of the aluminium component and a surface hardening of the steel component. It could be shown that the inductive surface hardening of a steel functional surface in the immediate vicinity of the aluminium component can take place without reducing the bond strength. To achieve the desired hardening result, the use of a field former is required. The bond strength could be increased by up to 20% compared to the friction-welded initial conditions by adjusting the parameters of the T6 heat treatment.

Published
2018
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27. The impact of airway strategy on the patient outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A propensity score matched analysis

Author

Sulzgruber, Patrick, Datler, Philip, Sterz, Fritz, Poppe, Michael, Lobmeyr, Elisabeth, Keferböck, Markus, Zeiner, Sebastian, Nürnberger, Alexander, Schober, Andreas, Hubner, Pia, Stratil, Peter, Wallmueller, Christian, Weiser, Christoph, Warenits, Alexandra-Maria, Zajicek, Andreas, Ettl, Florian, Magnet, Ingrid, Uray, Thomas, Testori, Christoph, and van Tulder, Raphael

Abstract

Background: While guidelines mentioned supraglottic airway management in the case of out-of- hospital cardiac arrest, robust data of their impact on the patient outcome remain scare and results are inconclusive.Methods: To assess the impact of the airway strategy on the patient outcome we prospectively enrolled 2224 individuals suffering cardiac arrest who were treated by the Viennese municipal emergency medical service. To control for potential confounders, propensity score matching was performed. Patients were matched in four groups with a 1:1:1:1 ratio (n=210/group) according to bag-mask-valve, laryngeal tube, endotracheal intubation and secondary endotracheal intubation after primary laryngeal tube ventilation.Results: The laryngeal tube subgroup showed the lowest 30-day survival rate among all tested devices (p<0.001). However, in the case of endotracheal intubation after primary laryngeal tube ventilation, survival rates were comparable to the primary endotracheal tube subgroup. The use of a laryngeal tube was independently and directly associated with mortality with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.97 (confidence interval: 1.14–3.39; p=0.015). Additionally, patients receiving laryngeal tube ventilation showed the lowest rate of good neurological performance (6.7%; p<0.001) among subgroups. However, if patients received endotracheal intubation after initial laryngeal tube ventilation, the outcome proved to be significantly better (9.5%; p<0.001).Conclusion: We found that the use of a laryngeal tube for airway management in cardiac arrest was significantly associated with poor 30-day survival rates and unfavourable neurological outcome. A primary endotracheal airway management needs to be considered at the scene, or an earliest possible secondary endotracheal intubation during both pre-hospital and in-hospital post-return of spontaneous circulation critical care seems crucial and most beneficial for the patient outcome.

Published
2018
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28. Method for Semi-Automated Measurement and Statistical Evaluation of Iron Aluminum Intermetallic Compound Layer Thickness and Morphology

Author

Herbst, Sebastian, Dovletoglou, Christopher, and Nürnberger, Florian

Abstract

In the present study, a semi-automated method for the measurement of intermetallic compound layer thicknesses is introduced. Based on backscattered electron contrast images of the bond zones that feature a sufficient contrast between the substrates and the intermetallic compound layer, every line of pixels perpendicular to the bond zone is analyzed. This provides the opportunity to evaluate the distribution of the measured single thicknesses to describe the layer morphology quantitatively. It is shown that it is possible to identify several morphological features by employing certain statistical values. Commonly used measurement methods are compared to the results of the proposed method to show its applicability.

Published
2017
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30. In vivo evasion of MxA by avian influenza viruses requires human signature in the viral nucleoprotein

Author

Deeg, Christoph M., Hassan, Ebrahim, Mutz, Pascal, Rheinemann, Lara, Götz, Veronika, Magar, Linda, Schilling, Mirjam, Kallfass, Carsten, Nürnberger, Cindy, Soubies, Sébastien, Kochs, Georg, Haller, Otto, Schwemmle, Martin, and Staeheli, Peter

Abstract

Zoonotic transmission of influenza A viruses can give rise to devastating pandemics, but currently it is impossible to predict the pandemic potential of circulating avian influenza viruses. Here, we describe a new mouse model suitable for such risk assessment, based on the observation that the innate restriction factor MxA represents an effective species barrier that must be overcome by zoonotic viruses. Our mouse lacks functional endogenous Mx genes but instead carries the human MX1 locus as a transgene. Such transgenic mice were largely resistant to highly pathogenic avian H5 and H7 influenza A viruses, but were almost as susceptible to infection with influenza viruses of human origin as nontransgenic littermates. Influenza A viruses that successfully established stable lineages in humans have acquired adaptive mutations which allow partial MxA escape. Accordingly, an engineered avian H7N7 influenza virus carrying a nucleoprotein with signature mutations typically found in human virus isolates was more virulent in transgenic mice than parental virus, demonstrating that a few amino acid changes in the viral target protein can mediate escape from MxA restriction in vivo. Similar mutations probably need to be acquired by emerging influenza A viruses before they can spread in the human population.

Published
2017
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31. Age-specific prognostication after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest – The ethical dilemma between ‘life-sustaining treatment’ and ‘the right to die’ in the elderly

Author

Sulzgruber, Patrick, Sterz, Fritz, Poppe, Michael, Schober, Andreas, Lobmeyr, Elisabeth, Datler, Philip, Keferböck, Markus, Zeiner, Sebastian, Nürnberger, Alexander, Hubner, Pia, Stratil, Peter, Wallmueller, Christian, Weiser, Christoph, Warenits, Alexandra-Maria, van Tulder, Raphael, Zajicek, Andreas, Buchinger, Angelika, and Testori, Christoph

Abstract

Background: While prognostic values on survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have been well investigated, less attention has been paid to their age-specific relevance. Therefore, we aimed to identify suitable age-specific early prognostication in elderly patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in order to reduce the burden of unnecessary treatment and harm.Methods: In a prospective population-based observational trial on individuals suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, a total of 2223 patients receiving resuscitation attempts by the local emergency medical service in Vienna, Austria, were enrolled. Patients were stratified according to age as follows: young and middle-aged individuals (<65 years), young old individuals (65–74 years), old individuals (75–84 years) and very old individuals (>85 years).Results: There was an increasing rate of 30-day mortality (+21.8%, p?85-year-olds. Frailty was directly associated with mortality (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01–1.51, p?=?0.049), showing a 30-day survival of 5.6% and a favourable neurological outcome of 1.1% among elderly individuals.Conclusion: An initially shockable electrocardiogram proved to be a suitable tool for risk assessment and decision making in order to predict a successful outcome in elderly victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, the outcomes of elderly patients seemed to be exceptionally poor in frail individuals and need to be considered in order to reduce unnecessary treatment decisions.

Published
2017
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32. Systematic Comparison of Protocols for the Preparation of Human Articular Cartilage for Use as Scaffold Material in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Author

Schneider, Cornelia, Lehmann, Johannes, van Osch, Gerjo J.V.M., Hildner, Florian, Teuschl, Andreas, Monforte, Xavier, Miosga, David, Heimel, Patrick, Priglinger, Eleni, Redl, Heinz, Wolbank, Suanne, and Nürnberger, Sylvia

Abstract

Natural extracellular matrix-derived biomaterials from decellularized allogenic tissues are of increasing interest for tissue engineering because their structure and composition provide a complexity that is not achievable with current manufacturing techniques. The prerequisite to bring allogenic tissue from bench to bedside as a functional biomaterial is the full removal of cells while preserving most of its native characteristics such as structure and composition. The exceptionally dense structure of articular cartilage, however, poses a special challenge for decellularization, scaffold preparation, and reseeding. Therefore, we tested 24 different protocols aiming to remove cells and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) while preserving the collagen backbone and ultrastructure. The resulting matrices were analyzed for cell removal (DNA quantification, haematoxylin and eosin staining), GAG content (dimethyl methylene blue assay, Alcian blue staining and micro-computed tomography), collagen integrity (immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure), and biomechanics (compression test). Furthermore, seeding tests were conducted to evaluate cell viability and attachment to the scaffolds. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-based protocols yielded satisfactory reduction of DNA content, yet had negative effects on cell viability and attachment. Hydrochloric acid efficiently decellularized the scaffold and pepsin emerged as best option for GAG depletion. Combining these two reagents led to our final protocol, most efficient in DNA and GAG depletion while preserving the collagen architecture. The compressive modulus decreased in the absence of GAG to ∼1/3 of native cartilage, which is significantly higher than that by commercially available scaffolds tested as a reference (ranging from 1/25 to 1/100 of native cartilage). Cytocompatibility tests showed that human adipose-derived stromal cells readily adhered to the scaffold. In this study, we established a protocol combining freeze–thaw cycles, osmotic shock, and treatment with hydrochloric acid followed by a pepsin digestion step, achieving successful decellularization and GAG depletion within 1 week, resulting in a cytocompatible material with intact collagen structure. The protocol provides a basis for the generation of allogeneic scaffolds, potentially substituting manufactured scaffolds currently used in clinical articular cartilage treatment.

Published
2016
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34. A deep look into the core of young clusters*

Author

Bouy, H., Huélamo, N., Barrado y Navascués, D., Martín, E. L., Petr-Gotzens, M. G., Kolb, J., Marchetti, E., Morales-Calderón, M., Bayo, A., Artigau, E., Hartung, M., Marchis, F., Tamura, M., Sterzik, M., Köhler, R., Ivanov, V. D., Nürnberger, D., Bouy, H., Huélamo, N., Barrado y Navascués, D., Martín, E. L., Petr-Gotzens, M. G., Kolb, J., Marchetti, E., Morales-Calderón, M., Bayo, A., Artigau, E., Hartung, M., Marchis, F., Tamura, M., Sterzik, M., Köhler, R., Ivanov, V. D., and Nürnberger, D.

Abstract

Context. Over the past years, the $\lambda-$Orionis cluster has been a prime location for the study of young very low mass stars, substellar and isolated planetary mass objects and the determination of the initial mass function and other properties of low mass cluster members.

Published
2009
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35. Near-infrared follow-up to the May 2008 activation of SGR 1627-41*

Author

de Ugarte Postigo, A., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Covino, S., Gorosabel, J., D'Avanzo, P., Nürnberger, D. E. A., de Ugarte Postigo, A., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Covino, S., Gorosabel, J., D'Avanzo, P., and Nürnberger, D. E. A.

Abstract

Context. On 28 May 2008, the Swiftsatellite detected the first reactivation of SGR 1627-41since its discovery in 1998.

Published
2009
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36. Spatially resolved near-infrared spectroscopy of the massive star-forming region IRAS 19410+2336

Author

Martín-Hernández, N. L., Bik, A., Puga, E., Nürnberger, D. E. A., Bronfman, L., Martín-Hernández, N. L., Bik, A., Puga, E., Nürnberger, D. E. A., and Bronfman, L.

Abstract

Aims. IRAS 19410+2336is a young massive star forming region with an intense outflow activity. Outflows are frequently studied in the near-infrared (NIR) since the H2emission in this wavelength range often traces the shocked molecular gas. However, the mechanisms behind the H2emission detected in IRAS 19410+2336have not been clarified yet. We present here spatially resolved NIR spectroscopy which allows us to verify whether the H2emission originates from thermal emission in shock fronts or from fluorescence excitation by non-ionizing UV photons. Moreover, NIR spectroscopy also offers the possibility of studying the characteristics of the putative driving source(s) of the H2emission by the detection of photospheric and circumstellar spectral features, and of the environmental conditions (e.g. extinction).

Published
2008
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37. Formation of a massive protostar through disk accretion*

Author

Nürnberger, D. E. A., Chini, R., Eisenhauer, F., Kissler-Patig, M., Modigliani, A., Siebenmorgen, R., Sterzik, M. F., Szeifert, T., Nürnberger, D. E. A., Chini, R., Eisenhauer, F., Kissler-Patig, M., Modigliani, A., Siebenmorgen, R., Sterzik, M. F., and Szeifert, T.

Abstract

Context.Recent observational results suggest that high-mass (proto-)stars form in a similar way to low- and intermediate-mass stars, i.e., via disk accretion of gas and dust.

Published
2007
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38. 2.3 μm CO emission and absorption from young high-mass stars in M 17

Author

Hoffmeister, V. H., Chini, R., Scheyda, C. M., Nürnberger, D., Vogt, N., Nielbock, M., Hoffmeister, V. H., Chini, R., Scheyda, C. M., Nürnberger, D., Vogt, N., and Nielbock, M.

Abstract

Aims.We are studying the extremely young cluster of M 17to investigate the birth of high-mass stars and the initial mass function.

Published
2006
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39. Modeling the NIR-silhouette massive disk candidate in M 17

Author

Steinacker, J., Chini, R., Nielbock, M., Nürnberger, D., Hoffmeister, V., Huré, J.-M., Semenov, D., Steinacker, J., Chini, R., Nielbock, M., Nürnberger, D., Hoffmeister, V., Huré, J.-M., and Semenov, D.

Abstract

Aims.The physical properties of the massive disk candidate in the star-forming region M 17 are analyzed.

Published
2006
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41. Qualifying Electrically Conductive Cold Embedding-Media for Scanning Electron Microscopy

Author

Besserer, Hans-Bernward, Boiarkin, Viacheslav, Rodman, Dmytro, and Nürnberger, Florian

Abstract

The choice of embedding-media for metallographic specimen preparation, where subsequent scanning electron microscopy will be performed, is highly important since the quality of the analytical results in the specimen’s near-surface region is limited by the properties of the embedding-material. Due to their high electrical conductivity and only slight tendency to form gaps between near the sample surface, warm curing embedding-media are usually best suited. Hot embedding-presses use relatively high pressures at elevated temperatures that can be detrimental for sensitive materials or coatings. Cold embedding with conventional embedding-media, which does not require high pressure mounting, requires compromising for a material with a lower electric conductivity, a higher amount of pores in the material, and inferior interfacial connectivity to the specimen. For this reason, the development of alternative electrically conductive and cold hardening embedding-media is of great interest for metallographic sample preparation of electron microscopy specimens. In the present study, various embedding-media were evaluated with respect to their suitability for scanning electron microscopy and a novel conductive mounting compound has been identified and qualified.

Published
2016
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42. Infrared observations of NGC 3603*

Author

Nürnberger, D. E. A. and Nürnberger, D. E. A.

Abstract

In the framework of a multi-wavelengths study of NGC 3603 we have performed near and mid infrared imaging to investigate the nature and the evolutionary status of the highly reddened sources NGC 3603 IRS 9A–C. These sources are located on the OB cluster facing side of the massive molecular cloud core NGC 3603 MM 2 and were apparently only recently revealed from most of their natal environment by strong stellar winds and energetic radiation originating from the nearby high mass cluster stars. On the basis of the steeply rising spectral energy distributions and the large near and mid infrared excess emission we conclude that IRS 9A–C represent (the brightest members of) a sparse association of high mass protostars, solely embedded in the gravitationally bound material of their circumstellar envelopes but largely blown free from gas + dust of the pristine molecular cloud core. Fitting blackbody functions to the overall spectral energy distribution at near and mid infrared wavelengths we identify two dust components at temperatures of 250 K and 1150 K for IRS 9A and 250 K and 700–750 K for IRS 9B / 9C. From the mid infrared fluxes we deduce lower limits for the gas + dust masses of the circumstellar envelopes: $\ga$0.1 $\cal M\hbox{$_{\odot}$}$for IRS 9A and ${\ga}3\times10^{-3}$$\cal M\hbox{$_{\odot}$}$for IRS 9B / 9C. Estimates of the total luminosities are on the order of 105$L\hbox{$_{\odot}$}$and 103$L\hbox{$_{\odot}$}$for IRS 9A and IRS 9B / 9C, respectively. Finally, our interpretation of IRS 9A–C being protostars is supported by recent ATCA data. The measured 3 cm and 6 cm radio fluxes of IRS 9A can neither be explained by non-thermal emission nor by thermal dust emission. From the spectral index $\alpha_{\rm radio}$~ 0.3 we conclude that the observed radio emission is thermal bremsstrahlung and most likely excited externally by ionizing photons originating from the nearby OB cluster.

Published
2003
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43. Infrared observations of NGC 3603*

Author

Nürnberger, D. E. A., Stanke, T., Nürnberger, D. E. A., and Stanke, T.

Abstract

We present results of the first sub-arcsec resolution mid infrared survey of the southern hemisphere giant H iiregion NGC 3603. We have observed selected fields in the vicinity of the OB cluster at wavelengths of 11.9 μm and 18 μm using TIMMI 2 mounted on the ESO 3.6 m telescope. These fields comprise areas with dense molecular cores, embedded near infrared sources as well as several OH, H2O and CH3OH maser sources, which give indications of ongoing star formation processes. We report the detection of 36 mid infrared point sources and additionally provide flux measurements for 42 knots of diffuse emission. In the area surveyed the protostar IRS 9A is found to be the most luminous source at both 11.9 μm and 18 μm. Located in its immediate vicinity two more sources (IRS 9B and IRS 9C) also exhibit significant 11.9 μm and 18 μm emission, thus providing further indications for IRS 9 being an association of protostars in its own right. Several other 11.9 μm point sources are related to near infrared sources with strong K-band excess emission and/or to maser sources, which classifies them as young sources, too. In contrast, the second strongest 11.9 μm source, IRS 4, appears to be in a more evolved stage. Towards the center of the OB cluster we observe mid infrared emission arising from the three Wolf-Rayet stars WR 43abc, providing evidence for dust production and/or the presence of plasma in their circum stellar envelopes. Spread all over the cluster, we detect a number of sources with mid infrared fluxes close to the sensitivity limit (~0.01 Jy) of our 11.9 μm data, which apparently have very red $K-N$colours. We suggest that these sources are circum stellar disks which are externally heated by the nearby massive stars. Towards the south and west of the OB cluster, large amounts of diffuse emission are found closely correlated with ionized material. We identify at least 7 shocks and ionization fronts, reflecting the enormous impact of the fast stellar winds and ionizing photons, originating from the massive cluster stars, on the adjacent gas and dust. This is impressively emphasized by the shocked and ionized material associated with the heads of the two prominent pillars. Both pillars are easily seen in our 11.9 μm and 18 μm data: the western one rather prominent in emission, the eastern one more pronounced in absorption against a strong diffuse mid infrared background. Among those sources, for which our data do not reveal any point-like mid infrared counterpart, are IRS 1 as well as the three “proplyds”. However, at least for “proplyd” 3 we detect extended, rim-like 11.9 μm emission. Therefore, we consider it likely that NGC 3603's “proplyds” simply represent scaled-down versions of the neighbouring pillars, i.e. remnant density enhancements of the pristine molecular cloud which to date were able to resist the ionizing and photoevaporating radiation from the nearby OB stars.

Published
2003
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44. Ion Beam Processing in the Sample Preparation for the Analysis of Ductile Damage in Deep Drawing Steels

Author

Besserer, H.-B., Gerstein, G., Dalinger, A., Jablonik, L., Rodman, D., and Nürnberger, F.

Abstract

Ion beam polishing and ion beam etching have proven their worth in examinations for which mechanical and wet chemical methods can not be applied. The analysis of voids in steel microstructures requires a sample preparation which provides for a surface ablation without mechanical impact on the sample surface. Otherwise, smearing effects prevent the revealing of voids. These voids arise during cold forming. They provide information on the ductile damage which is characterized by the formation, growth, and the merging of cavities in the microstructure. Taking the example of deep drawing steels, modified preparation methods for the imaging of microvoids and nanovoids by means of electron microscopy are presented. The specific resulting surface topography, which is influenced by the ion beam's angle of incidence, the accelerating voltage, and the processing time, is examined in a parameter study. It will be analyzed to what extent the relief structures created by ion beam processing are helpful for or interfere with the examinations. In addition to that, their suitability for the interpretation of microstructural processes in the context of the occurrence and evolution of ductile damages is discussed.

Published
2016
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45. Determination of heat transfer coefficients for complex spray cooling arrangements

Author

Herbst, Sebastian, Steinke, Kim-Florian, Maier, Hans Jürgen, Milenin, Andrzej, and Nürnberger, Florian

Abstract

Numerical simulation of quenching by air-water spray cooling requires an accurate knowledge of the spray heat transfer coefficients (HTCs). In this work, a novel method of heat transfer determination is presented that takes lacking aspects of prior determination methods into account. The temperature trends during cooling of a thin-walled tube are used in an optimisation calculation based on a numerical model of the setup to determine the HTCs. It is shown that higher inlet pressures lead to higher heat transfers and that the heat transfer between two spray nozzles increases with decreasing nozzle to nozzle distance. However, for some cases, adjacent sprays can lead to decreasing HTCs. The amount of nozzles in circumferential direction had an overproportioned effect on the heat transfer in the film boiling regime. Verifications generally show a good agreement of measured with computed temperature trends based on the calculated HTCs.

Published
2016
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46. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

Author

Klionsky, Daniel J, Abdelmohsen, Kotb, Abe, Akihisa, Abedin, Md Joynal, Abeliovich, Hagai, Acevedo Arozena, Abraham, Adachi, Hiroaki, Adams, Christopher M, Adams, Peter D, Adeli, Khosrow, Adhihetty, Peter J, Adler, Sharon G, Agam, Galila, Agarwal, Rajesh, Aghi, Manish K, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguilar, Patricia V, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio, Airoldi, Edoardo M, Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akporiaye, Emmanuel T, Al-Rubeai, Mohamed, Albaiceta, Guillermo M, Albanese, Chris, Albani, Diego, Albert, Matthew L, Aldudo, Jesus, Algül, Hana, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Alloza, Iraide, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Beceril, Maylin, Alnemri, Emad S, Alonso, Covadonga, Altan-Bonnet, Nihal, Altieri, Dario C, Alvarez, Silvia, Alvarez-Erviti, Lydia, Alves, Sandro, Amadoro, Giuseppina, Amano, Atsuo, Amantini, Consuelo, Ambrosio, Santiago, Amelio, Ivano, Amer, Amal O, Amessou, Mohamed, Amon, Angelika, An, Zhenyi, Anania, Frank A, Andersen, Stig U, Andley, Usha P, Andreadi, Catherine K, Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anel, Alberto, Ann, David K, Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Antonioli, Manuela, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Aquila, Saveria, Aquilano, Katia, Araki, Koichi, Arama, Eli, Aranda, Agustin, Araya, Jun, Arcaro, Alexandre, Arias, Esperanza, Arimoto, Hirokazu, Ariosa, Aileen R, Armstrong, Jane L, Arnould, Thierry, Arsov, Ivica, Asanuma, Katsuhiko, Askanas, Valerie, Asselin, Eric, Atarashi, Ryuichiro, Atherton, Sally S, Atkin, Julie D, Attardi, Laura D, Auberger, Patrick, Auburger, Georg, Aurelian, Laure, Autelli, Riccardo, Avagliano, Laura, Avantaggiati, Maria Laura, Avrahami, Limor, Awale, Suresh, Azad, Neelam, Bachetti, Tiziana, Backer, Jonathan M, Bae, Dong-Hun, Bae, Jae-sung, Bae, Ok-Nam, Bae, Soo Han, Baehrecke, Eric H, Baek, Seung-Hoon, Baghdiguian, Stephen, Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, Bai, Hua, Bai, Jie, Bai, Xue-Yuan, Bailly, Yannick, Balaji, Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Balzan, Rena, Banerjee, Rajkumar, Bánhegyi, Gábor, Bao, Haijun, Barbeau, Benoit, Barrachina, Maria D, Barreiro, Esther, Bartel, Bonnie, Bartolomé, Alberto, Bassham, Diane C, Bassi, Maria Teresa, Bast, Robert C, Basu, Alakananda, Batista, Maria Teresa, Batoko, Henri, Battino, Maurizio, Bauckman, Kyle, Baumgarner, Bradley L, Bayer, K Ulrich, Beale, Rupert, Beaulieu, Jean-François, Beck, George R., Becker, Christoph, Beckham, J David, Bédard, Pierre-André, Bednarski, Patrick J, Begley, Thomas J, Behl, Christian, Behrends, Christian, Behrens, Georg MN, Behrns, Kevin E, Bejarano, Eloy, Belaid, Amine, Belleudi, Francesca, Bénard, Giovanni, Berchem, Guy, Bergamaschi, Daniele, Bergami, Matteo, Berkhout, Ben, Berliocchi, Laura, Bernard, Amélie, Bernard, Monique, Bernassola, Francesca, Bertolotti, Anne, Bess, Amanda S, Besteiro, Sébastien, Bettuzzi, Saverio, Bhalla, Savita, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, Bhutia, Sujit K, Biagosch, Caroline, Bianchi, Michele Wolfe, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, Billes, Viktor, Bincoletto, Claudia, Bingol, Baris, Bird, Sara W, Bitoun, Marc, Bjedov, Ivana, Blackstone, Craig, Blanc, Lionel, Blanco, Guillermo A, Blomhoff, Heidi Kiil, Boada-Romero, Emilio, Böckler, Stefan, Boes, Marianne, Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen, Boise, Lawrence H, Bolino, Alessandra, Boman, Andrea, Bonaldo, Paolo, Bordi, Matteo, Bosch, Jürgen, Botana, Luis M, Botti, Joelle, Bou, German, Bouché, Marina, Bouchecareilh, Marion, Boucher, Marie-Josée, Boulton, Michael E, Bouret, Sebastien G, Boya, Patricia, Boyer-Guittaut, Michaël, Bozhkov, Peter V, Brady, Nathan, Braga, Vania MM, Brancolini, Claudio, Braus, Gerhard H, Bravo-San Pedro, José M, Brennan, Lisa A, Bresnick, Emery H, Brest, Patrick, Bridges, Dave, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, Brini, Marisa, Brito, Glauber C, Brodin, Bertha, Brookes, Paul S, Brown, Eric J, Brown, Karen, Broxmeyer, Hal E, Bruhat, Alain, Brum, Patricia Chakur, Brumell, John H, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bryson-Richardson, Robert J, Buch, Shilpa, Buchan, Alastair M, Budak, Hikmet, Bulavin, Dmitry V, Bultman, Scott J, Bultynck, Geert, Bumbasirevic, Vladimir, Burelle, Yan, Burke, Robert E, Burmeister, Margit, Bütikofer, Peter, Caberlotto, Laura, Cadwell, Ken, Cahova, Monika, Cai, Dongsheng, Cai, Jingjing, Cai, Qian, Calatayud, Sara, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campbell, Grant R, Campbell, Matthew, Campello, Silvia, Candau, Robin, Caniggia, Isabella, Cantoni, Lavinia, Cao, Lizhi, Caplan, Allan B, Caraglia, Michele, Cardinali, Claudio, Cardoso, Sandra Morais, Carew, Jennifer S, Carleton, Laura A, Carlin, Cathleen R, Carloni, Silvia, Carlsson, Sven R, Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Carneiro, Leticia AM, Carnevali, Oliana, Carra, Serena, Carrier, Alice, Carroll, Bernadette, Casas, Caty, Casas, Josefina, Cassinelli, Giuliana, Castets, Perrine, Castro-Obregon, Susana, Cavallini, Gabriella, Ceccherini, Isabella, Cecconi, Francesco, Cederbaum, Arthur I, Ceña, Valentín, Cenci, Simone, Cerella, Claudia, Cervia, Davide, Cetrullo, Silvia, Chaachouay, Hassan, Chae, Han-Jung, Chagin, Andrei S, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chakrabarti, Gopal, Chamilos, Georgios, Chan, Edmond YW, Chan, Matthew TV, Chandra, Dhyan, Chandra, Pallavi, Chang, Chih-Peng, Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung, Chang, Ta Yuan, Chatham, John C, Chatterjee, Saurabh, Chauhan, Santosh, Che, Yongsheng, Cheetham, Michael E, Cheluvappa, Rajkumar, Chen, Chun-Jung, Chen, Gang, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Guoqiang, Chen, Hongzhuan, Chen, Jeff W, Chen, Jian-Kang, Chen, Min, Chen, Mingzhou, Chen, Peiwen, Chen, Qi, Chen, Quan, Chen, Shang-Der, Chen, Si, Chen, Steve S-L, Chen, Wei, Chen, Wei-Jung, Chen, Wen Qiang, Chen, Wenli, Chen, Xiangmei, Chen, Yau-Hung, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yin, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongshun, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Yue-Qin, Chen, Yujie, Chen, Zhen, Chen, Zhong, Cheng, Alan, Cheng, Christopher HK, Cheng, Hua, Cheong, Heesun, Cherry, Sara, Chesney, Jason, Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio, Chevet, Eric, Chi, Hsiang Cheng, Chi, Sung-Gil, Chiacchiera, Fulvio, Chiang, Hui-Ling, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiariello, Mario, Chieppa, Marcello, Chin, Lih-Shen, Chiong, Mario, Chiu, Gigi NC, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Cho, Ssang-Goo, Cho, William C, Cho, Yong-Yeon, Cho, Young-Seok, Choi, Augustine MK, Choi, Eui-Ju, Choi, Eun-Kyoung, Choi, Jayoung, Choi, Mary E, Choi, Seung-Il, Chou, Tsui-Fen, Chouaib, Salem, Choubey, Divaker, Choubey, Vinay, Chow, Kuan-Chih, Chowdhury, Kamal, Chu, Charleen T, Chuang, Tsung-Hsien, Chun, Taehoon, Chung, Hyewon, Chung, Taijoon, Chung, Yuen-Li, Chwae, Yong-Joon, Cianfanelli, Valentina, Ciarcia, Roberto, Ciechomska, Iwona A, Ciriolo, Maria Rosa, Cirone, Mara, Claerhout, Sofie, Clague, Michael J, Clària, Joan, Clarke, Peter GH, Clarke, Robert, Clementi, Emilio, Cleyrat, Cédric, Cnop, Miriam, Coccia, Eliana M, Cocco, Tiziana, Codogno, Patrice, Coers, Jörn, Cohen, Ezra EW, Colecchia, David, Coletto, Luisa, Coll, Núria S, Colucci-Guyon, Emma, Comincini, Sergio, Condello, Maria, Cook, Katherine L, Coombs, Graham H, Cooper, Cynthia D, Cooper, J Mark, Coppens, Isabelle, Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana, Corazzari, Marco, Corbalan, Ramon, Corcelle-Termeau, Elisabeth, Cordero, Mario D, Corral-Ramos, Cristina, Corti, Olga, Cossarizza, Andrea, Costelli, Paola, Costes, Safia, Cotman, Susan L, Coto-Montes, Ana, Cottet, Sandra, Couve, Eduardo, Covey, Lori R, Cowart, L Ashley, Cox, Jeffery S, Coxon, Fraser P, Coyne, Carolyn B, Cragg, Mark S, Craven, Rolf J, Crepaldi, Tiziana, Crespo, Jose L, Criollo, Alfredo, Crippa, Valeria, Cruz, Maria Teresa, Cuervo, Ana Maria, Cuezva, Jose M, Cui, Taixing, Cutillas, Pedro R, Czaja, Mark J, Czyzyk-Krzeska, Maria F, Dagda, Ruben K, Dahmen, Uta, Dai, Chunsun, Dai, Wenjie, Dai, Yun, Dalby, Kevin N, Dalla Valle, Luisa, Dalmasso, Guillaume, D'Amelio, Marcello, Damme, Markus, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Dargemont, Catherine, Darley-Usmar, Victor M, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, Dasgupta, Biplab, Dash, Srikanta, Dass, Crispin R, Davey, Hazel Marie, Davids, Lester M, Dávila, David, Davis, Roger J, Dawson, Ted M, Dawson, Valina L, Daza, Paula, de Belleroche, Jackie, de Figueiredo, Paul, 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Published
2016
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47. Relative Composition of Fibrous Connective and Fatty/Glandular Tissue in Connective Tissue Grafts Depends on the Harvesting Technique but not the Donor Site of the Hard Palate

Author

Bertl, Kristina, Pifl, Markus, Hirtler, Lena, Rendl, Barbara, Nürnberger, Sylvia, Stavropoulos, Andreas, and Ulm, Christian

Abstract

Background:Whether the composition of palatal connective tissue grafts (CTGs) varies depending on donor site or harvesting technique in terms of relative amounts of fibrous connective tissue (CT) and fatty/glandular tissue (FGT) is currently unknown and is histologically assessed in the present study. Methods:In 10 fresh human cadavers, tissue samples were harvested in the anterior and posterior palate and in areas close to (marginal) and distant from (apical) the mucosal margin. Mucosal thickness, lamina propria thickness (defined as the extent of subepithelial portion of the biopsy containing ≤25% or ≤50% FGT), and proportions of CT and FGT were semi‐automatically estimated for the entire mucosa and for CTGs virtually harvested by split‐flap (SF) preparation minimum 1 mm deep or after deepithelialization (DE). Results:Palatal mucosal thickness, ranging from 2.35 to 6.89 mm, and histologic composition showed high interindividual variability. Lamina propria thickness (P>0.21) and proportions of CT (P= 0.48) and FGT (P= 0.15) did not differ significantly among the donor sites (anterior, posterior, marginal, apical). However, thicker palatal tissue was associated with higher FGT content (P<0.01) and thinner lamina propria (P≤0.03). Independent of the donor site, DE‐harvested CTG contained a significantly higher proportion of CT and a lower proportion of FGT than an SF‐harvested CTG (P<0.04). Conclusion:Despite high interindividual variability in terms of relative tissue composition in the hard palate, DE‐harvested CTG contains much larger amounts of CT and much lower amounts of FGT than SF‐harvested CTG, irrespective of the harvesting site.

Published
2015
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48. The molecular environment of NGC 3603*

Author

Nürnberger, D. E. A., Bronfman, L., Yorke, H. W., Zinnecker, H., Nürnberger, D. E. A., Bronfman, L., Yorke, H. W., and Zinnecker, H.

Abstract

We present CS (2–1) and CS (3–2) observations of the molecular gas associated with the Galactic starburst template NGC 3603, over an area of 5$\farcm$8 $\times$16$\farcm$7, with the OB cluster at the center. Total velocity integrated maps and channel maps give insight into the spatial distribution and the kinematic structure of the dense gas in the giant molecular cloud from which the starburst cluster originated. We identify 13 molecular clumps with radii less than 0.8 pc and derive upper limits for their virial masses as well as lower limits for their H2column densities: $\langle{\cal M}_{\rm vir}\rangle$$\la$(1.0 ±0.6) $\times$103${\cal M}\hbox{$_{\odot}$}$and $\langle{\cal N}{\rm (H_2)}\rangle$$\ga$(0.4 ±0.2) $\times$1023cm-2. One of the clumps, MM 11, clearly stands out with a mass and column density 4 times higher than average. The CS (3–2) / CS (2–1) map shows higher intensity ratios to the south of the OB cluster than to the north (0.80 ±0.08 versus 0.32 ±0.11), which indicates a substantial difference in the physical conditions (either opacities or excitation temperatures) of the molecular gas. From the average of the line peak velocities, 14.2 ±1.6 km s-1, we deduce a kinematic distance of 7.7 ±0.2 kpc for NGC 3603. We estimate the star formation efficiency ($\ga$30%) of the central part of the NGC 3603 H iiregion. If we assume the age of the OB cluster to be less than 3 Myr and the star formation rate to be larger than 1.3 $\times$10-3${\cal M}\hbox{$_{\odot}$}$yr-1, the derived timescale for gas removal (τ~ 6 Myr) can explain why the starburst cluster itself is nearly void of interstellar material. The remnant clump MM 1 appears to constitute the head of a prominent pillar which still becomes dispersed by ionizing radiation and stellar winds originating from the massive stars of the cluster. Because some of the molecular clumps are associated with near and mid infrared sources as well as OH, H2O and CH3OH maser sources we conclude that star formation is still going on within NGC 3603.

Published
2002
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49. Infrared observations of NGC 3603*

Author

Nürnberger, D. E. A., Petr-Gotzens, M. G., Nürnberger, D. E. A., and Petr-Gotzens, M. G.

Abstract

We have performed deep Ks-band observations of the starburst region NGC 3603 with the infrared camera ISAAC mounted on the VLT Antu. The total area covered by our data stretches from the NGC 3603 starburst cluster towards the south up to a maximal distance of about 370$\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}$(~12 pc). This enables us to reconsider and redetermine the radial extent of the cluster which is found to be about 150$\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}$±15$\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}$(~5 pc), exceeding previous estimates by a factor of 2.5. King model fits are used to disentangle the count statistics of cluster stars from those of field stars. With knowledge of the cluster radius we then construct and analyze the Ks-band luminosity function (KLF) of the NGC 3603 starburst cluster. The KLF for cluster radii >30$\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}$is rising down to the completeness limit of our study at Ks~ 17$\hbox{m}$–17$\hbox{m}\!\!\!.\,$5, corresponding to 1 Myr old cluster members of $\cal M$~ 0.5 $\cal M\hbox{$_{\odot}$}$. For the range of intermediate luminosity stars we obtain a KLF slope of α= 0.35 ±0.02 which is consistent with a Miller-Scalo type initial mass function (IMF) of a ~1 Myr old stellar cluster if one assumes a power-law index of β~ 2 for the mass-luminosity relation of both intermediate mass main sequence stars and low mass pre-main sequence stars. At the high luminosity end the observed KLF likely flattens (α~ 0.2), being consistent with a Salpeter type IMF for NGC 3603's massive main sequence stars.

Published
2002
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50. PN G291.4-00.3: A new type I planetary nebula*

Author

Nürnberger, D., Durand, S., Köppen, J., Stanke, Th., Sterzik, M., Els, S., Nürnberger, D., Durand, S., Köppen, J., Stanke, Th., Sterzik, M., and Els, S.

Abstract

In the vicinity of the southern hemisphere giant H II region NGC 3603 we discovered a new planetary nebula: PN G291.4-00.3 located at RAJ2000.0= 11h14m32$.^{\rm s}$1 ±0$.^{\rm s}$3, DECJ2000.0= -61°00′02″ ±1″. Monochromatic images reveal a central ring-like structure accompanied by onsets of arc-like filaments which might outline a bipolar outflow. Analysis of the nebula spectrum shows that helium and nitrogen are enriched, while oxygen, sulphur and argon abundances seem to be solar. The central star must be hot (above 100 kK) and having a luminosity of more than 3000 $L_{\odot}$. All evidence shows that PN G291.4-00.3 is a high-excitation, density bounded planetary nebula of the type I, coming from the high-mass end of the intermediate mass stars.

Published
2001
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