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The article offers information on the Export-Import (Ex-Im) Bank Reauthorization Act of 2012 which was signed by U.S. President Barack Obama. It states that Ex-Im Banks are federal as well as the U.S. export credit agency (ECA) which provides various services including direct loans, export credit and working capital guarantees. It further discusses the origin of Ex-Im Banks.

The messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNA) 3'-end processing occurs in a two-step co-transcriptional coupled reaction, denoted as cleavage and polyadenylation. Both processes depend on trans-acting factors interacting in a coordinated manner with cis-sequence motifs located at the 3' untranslated region of transcripts. In this paper, we reviewed mechanisms involved in pre-mRNA processing in eukaryotic organisms, including our own findings about sequences and proteins potentially involved in mRNA 3'-end formation in the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Interestingly, protein sequence comparisons among E. histolytica, yeast, and human pre-mRNA processing machineries showed that amoeba pre-mRNA 3'-end processing machinery appears to be in an intermediate evolutionary position between mammals and yeast. In addition, the presence of non canonical poly(A) polymerases family recently identified in E. histolytica, adds more complexity to the mRNA 3'-end formation process in this ancient eukaryote.

This paper presents a new hybrid diagnostic methodology. This new hybrid system involves statistical pre-processing, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL). The statistical pre-processing of data allows outliers to be eliminated (filtering) and dimensional reduction while keeping the most important data. Then, each process state is learned by one of the original constructive algorithms discussed: Multidimensional Fuzzy Sets (MFS) which fuzzyfies binary ANN or Generalized Radial Basis Functions (GRBF) learned by the Estimation Maximization (EM) algorithm. The final step is the final decision by Fuzzy Logic algorithms, in which an automatic defuzzification method is proposed. These methodologies produce some parameters which allows real-time to be performed.

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-021-00497-x.