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Mechanical thrombectomy predominantly using stent retrievers effectively restores cerebral blood flow and improves functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy using the EmboTrap device.

Jet streams are important sources of non‐orographic internal gravity waves and clear air turbulence (CAT). We analyze non‐orographic gravity waves and CAT during a merger of the polar front jet stream (PFJ) with the subtropical jet stream (STJ) above the southern Atlantic. Thereby, we use a novel combination of airborne observations covering the meso‐scale and turbulent scale in combination with high‐resolution deterministic short‐term forecasts. Coherent phase lines of temperature perturbations by gravity waves stretching along a highly sheared tropopause fold are simulated by the ECMWF IFS (integrated forecast system) forecasts. During the merging event, the PFJ reverses its direction from approximately antiparallel to parallel with respect to the STJ, going along with strong wind shear and horizontal deformation. Temperature perturbations in limb‐imaging and lidar observations onboard the research aircraft HALO during the SouthTRAC campaign show remarkable agreement with the IFS data. Ten hours earlier, the IFS data show an “X‐shaped” pattern in the temperature perturbations emanating from the sheared tropopause fold. Tendencies of the IFS wind components show that these gravity waves are excited by spontaneous emission adjusting the strongly divergent flow when the PFJ impinges the STJ. In situ observations of temperature and wind components at 100 Hz confirm upward propagation of the probed portion of the gravity waves. They furthermore reveal embedded episodes of light‐to‐moderate CAT, Kelvin Helmholtz waves, and indications for partial wave reflection. Patches of low Richardson numbers in the IFS data coincide with the CAT observations, suggesting that this event was accessible to turbulence forecasting. Gravity waves play an in important role in vertical and horizontal energy transport in the atmosphere and are significant factors in wheather forecasting and climate projections. Among other processes, tropospheric jet streams are known to be sources of gravity waves. They furthermore can be accompanied by tropopause folds (i.e., local tropopause depressions, where stratospheric air can reach deeply into the troposphere) and turbulence, which is relevant for aviation safety. Using a novel combination of airborne observations and data by a state‐of‐the‐art forecasting system, we analyze gravity waves and turbulence during a merger of tropospheric jet streams above the southern Atlantic. The observations show a high degree of agreement with the forecast data from the troposphere to the stratosphere. Ten hours earlier, the forcast data show an “X‐shaped” gravity wave structure that emerges from a highly sheared tropopause fold between the merging jet streams. Fast in situ observations at the flight level provide information on the characteristics of the observed waves and show light‐to‐moderate turbulence, small‐scale waves and indications for partial wave reflection. The observed turbulence events are consistently located in regions where the forecast data suggest potential for turbulence. Non‐orographic internal gravity waves and clear air turbulence are observed in merging jet streamsState‐of‐the art high resolution forecast agrees with novel combination of airborne sensors“X‐shaped” gravity wave feature resulting from merging jet streams at a highly sheared tropopause fold Non‐orographic internal gravity waves and clear air turbulence are observed in merging jet streams State‐of‐the art high resolution forecast agrees with novel combination of airborne sensors “X‐shaped” gravity wave feature resulting from merging jet streams at a highly sheared tropopause fold

In agriculture, tank mixtures with several plant protection products (PPP) are frequently used, which makes it impossible to apply specific plant protection products to specific areas. Therefore a prototype of a field sprayer with a direct injection system was developed as part of a joint project between the company Herbert Dammann GmbH and the Julius Kühn- Institute. This framework enables a real-time site-specific dosing of plant protection products and water from separate containers with direct mixing before the application without residual amounts. Results show a high accuracy in the working range of the selected dosing pumps by means of test bench measurements and field tests Field tests for site-specific weed control in winter wheat demonstrate the applicability of the system under practical conditions and enable a precise application of various herbicides.

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Abstract: In order to validate the atmospheric chemistry measurements by MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, and GOMOS onboard the ENVISAT, three flights of the balloon-borne Michelson Interferometer for Passive Sounding (MIPAS-B) were carried out in 2002 and 2003 at Aire sur l’Adour (France 44°N, 0°E) and Esrange, Kiruna (Sweden 68°N, 21°E). The validation campaign activities are summarized in this paper. The MIPAS-B instrument and its data processing procedure as well as the validation approaches are discussed in detail. The satellite and balloon measurements are matched with high coincidence in time and space, allowing a coincident approach to be applied for their comparisons. Further, a trajectory model is used to confirm and enhance the statistical significance of the validation. The validation results show that MIPAS measurements of accuracy for temperature, H2O, O3, HNO3, CH4, N2O, and NO2 are good in the altitude range of 8–39 km (No2, 22–39 km). And the precision is good between the altitudes of 15–33 km (No2, 22–23 km). However, some exceptions were also found for temperature, H2O, HNO3, and NO2. The SCIAMACHY data of accuracy for O3 and NO2 are within expectations between the altitudes 9–38 km except for O3 in 28–38 km. The GOMOS data about O3 and NO2 are promising according to the preliminary comparison results.

Introduction/PurposeThe Pipeline™ Embolization Device (PED) is a flow-diverter available for treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). We assessed the long-term safety and angiographic outcomes of a new generation of PED, Pipeline™ Flex Embolization Device with Shield Technology™ (Pipeline™ Shield). The Pipeline™ Shield device features the same implant and delivery system as the Pipeline™ Flex Embolization Device, but has been modified to include a surface synthetic biocompatible polymer to reduce the thrombogenicity of the braid surface.Materials and MethodsThe Pipeline Flex Embolization Device with Shield Technology (PFLEX) study is a prospective, single-arm, multicenter study for the treatment of unruptured IAs using Pipeline Shield. Patients with IA located in the internal carotid artery (ICA) up to the carotid terminus or vertebral artery segment up to and including the posterior inferior cerebellar artery were included. The primary study endpoint was the occurrence of major stroke in the territory supplied by the treated artery or neurological death at 1 year post-procedure. An independent Clinical Events Committee (CEC) adjudicated all adverse events. The study also assessed angiographic outcomes at 1 year post-procedure, and angiographic images in standard and working views that corresponded to the treatment angiograms were interpreted by an independent core radiology laboratory.ResultsFifty patients with 50 unruptured target IAs, 49 (98%) saccular and 1 (2%) fusiform, were treated. The mean age was 53.0±13.01 years, and 82% (41/50) of the patients were female. The mean target aneurysm diameter was 8.82±6.15 mm. Twenty-four aneurysms (48%) were small (<7 mm), 14 (28%) were medium (7–12 mm), 11 (22%) were large (13–24 mm), and 1 (2%) was giant (≥25 mm). Forty-seven (94%) aneurysms were located in the internal carotid artery, and 3 (6%) were located in the vertebral artery. Device deployment was successful in all patients. The mean number of Pipeline Shield utilized per aneurysm was 1.1±0.27. Complete wall apposition was achieved immediately post-procedure in 48 (96%) cases. No major strokes or neurological deaths were reported through 1 year post-procedure. There were 3 procedure-related, serious adverse events (headache, diplopia and retroperitoneal hematoma) and 1 device-related serious adverse event (intracranial arterythrombosis) observed through 1 year follow up. Complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 83.9% of target aneurysms at 1 year post-procedure. There were no reports of target aneurysm recurrence or retreatment.ConclusionsThe PFLEX study is the first prospective study to evaluate the use of the Pipeline Shield device. The results from the study are comparable to previously published results with the earlier generation devices, and demonstrate that the Pipeline Shield device is safe and effective for treatment of intracranial aneurysms.DisclosuresM. MartÍÁínez-galdÍÁíámez:2; C; Proctor and consultant for Medtronic. S. Lamin:2; C; Proctor and consultant for Medtronic. K. Lagios:None. T. Liebig:2; C; previously consulted and proctored for Covidien, Stryker, and MicroVention, and currently serves as a proctor and consultant for Sequent Medical.. E. Ciceri:None. R. Chapot:None. L. Stockx:None. S. Chavda:None. C. Kabbasch:None. G. Farago:None. H. Nordmeyer:None. T. Boulanger:None. M. Piano:None. E. Boccardi:2; C; receives honoraria from Medtronic and serves as a consultant for Medtronic.

Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) were observed by the high resolution mid infrared Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding, Balloon borne version (MIPAS‐B), on a flight from Kiruna/Sweden on January 11, 2001. Highly resolved spectral features in the limb measurements could only be explained by tropospheric radiation scattered into the line of sight by large PSC particles. Furthermore, model calculations showed that for PSCs with particles of radius ≥1 μm, a significant part of the broadband continuum radiance signal is due to scattering. Inclusion of scattering in the retrieval process resulted in reasonable values of otherwise largely overestimated PSC volume density profiles.