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AbstractTechnology innovation improves efficiency, gives society new and enhanced goods and services through economic reform, and raises their living conditions. This study examined the impact of economic reform on technological innovation using the system generalised method of moments and panel quantile regressions to account for simultaneity and reverse causality. The empirical findings conclude that economic reform significantly impacted technological innovation in 79 nations from 1995 to 2017. More importantly, we verify the positive effect of economic reform on technological innovation by addressing endogenous and robustness checks viavarious methods and sub-samples. Furthermore, the mechanism of this relationship was explored. Therefore, the research findings offer an alternative method for national ”gove’nments to promote innovation output by reinforcing government effectiveness, financia” sec’or development, and the degree of democracy transparency. Finally, economic proposals are discussed based on the findings and estimation strategies.HIGHLIGHTSThe study examines the impacts of economic reforms on technological innovation in a panel of 79 economies over 1995–2017.Using GMM and panel quantile regressions, empirical findings indicate that economic reforms promote technological innovations.The positive effect of economic reforms on innovation operates through government effectiveness, financial development, and democracy.Intellectual Patent Protection Act controls inadequate competitiveness and preserves a fair market climate.

AbstractTertiary education redefines its role in research and innovation, acting as a proponent of the research and innovation culture, creating real-world solutions, and bridging the gap between decision-making, governance, and innovation. We empirically explore tertiary education’s effect on innovation and national intellectual capital’s role. The empirical findings of the 2SLS and instrumental variable fixed effect model with Driscoll-Kraay robust standard errors, based on panel evidence from 79 economies from 1995 to 2017, show that tertiary education has a positive and substantial effect on innovation performance as determined by patent and trademark applications. Comparable results are obtained using instrumental variable panel quantile regression as robustness tests to support the findings. Also, theoretically, the result shows that national intellectual capital reinforces the impact of tertiary education as a catalyst for technological progress. The findings support R&D data policies that support specific digital innovation, skills, knowledge creation, and diffusion. Proactive policy frameworks should be adopted to promote national intellectual capital through internet infrastructure for economic inclusion that fosters innovativeness; tertiary education using digital technology redefines creativity, stimulates cooperation, and aids in forming innovative ecosystems; boosting government and private grants to university academics allows for identifying ideas with the greatest long-term potential.