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Background: Glioblastoma is the most common primary neoplasm of the central nervous system. Standard treatment includes surgery with maximum safe resection and radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy; however, almost invariably, tumor relapse occurs. We aimed to describe signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms present in tumor relapse of glioblastoma. Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. We included studies that enrolled patients 15 years or older with a diagnosis of glioblastoma according to Louis criteria and focused on signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms present in tumor relapse of glioblastoma. The outcome of interest was progression-free survival. Results: We identified 1470 articles; 31 met the inclusion criteria. From each publication, we obtained the associated markers O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, mRNA, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p53, and others. All publications were evaluated with the Q-Genie checklist tool for quality assessment. Conclusions: We identified a wide variety of signaling pathways and molecular processes that are involved in glioblastoma relapse. This diversity would explain intra- and intertumor heterogeneity, treatment evasion, and relapse. However, only a few molecular processes have robust evidence for clinical utility., INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary neoplasm of the central nervous system, with an overall incidence of 0.59 to 3.69 per 100,000. (1) It has a very poor [...]

INTRODUCTION As the Earth rapidly approaches a tipping point in the fight against climate change, governments are scrambling to create cost-effective and efficient climate-change-fighting policies that may be implemented without [...]

Abstract:Mexican families are shaped by multicultural factors which have significant effects on adolescents’ mental health. In this study, we examined the direct effect of family functioning on psychological well-being for Mexican high school students. We also examined the mediating roles of emotion regulation strategies of mindfulness and reappraisal in the relationship between family functioning and psychological well-being. We hypothesized that family functioning would have a positive correlation to psychological well-being; and that this relationship would be mediated by mindfulness and reappraisal as mediators operating not only separately, but also in a serial sequence. The sample consisted of 741 Mexican high school students (55.33% females and 44.67% males). Based on the objective of this research, we found that family functioning was associated with greater mindfulness, which contributed to adolescents’ increased use of reappraisal, and in turn experiencing increased psychological well-being. In addition, the serial mediation model revealed that mindfulness and reappraisal separately mediated the influence of family functioning on the psychological well-being of Mexican adolescents. Similarly, family functioning had a significant effect on the adolescents’ psychological well-being via the serial mediating effect of mindfulness and reappraisal. Lastly, we identified a direct and significant trajectory from family functioning to psychological well-being of the adolescents who participated in this study suggesting that family functioning is an important protective factor for adolescents. In conclusion, our model confirmed that family functioning was associated with greater mindfulness, which contributed to increased use of the reappraisal strategy, which in turn was related to greater psychological well-being in Mexican adolescents.Résumé:Les familles mexicaines sont façonnées par des facteurs multiculturels qui ont des effets significatifs sur la santé mentale des adolescents. Dans cette étude, nous avons analysé l’effet direct du fonctionnement de la famille sur le bien-être psychologique des lycéens mexicains. Nous avons également analysé les rôles médiateurs des stratégies de régulation des émotions qui font partie de la pleine conscience et la réévaluation dans la relation entre le fonctionnement familial et le bien-être psychologique. Notre hypothèse considère que le fonctionnement de la famille aurait une corrélation positive avec le bien-être psychologique et que cette relation serait arbitrée par la pleine conscience et la réévaluation en tant que médiateurs opérant non seulement séparément, mais aussi dans une séquence en série. L’échantillon a été composé de 741 lycéens mexicains (55,33 % de filles et 44,67 % de garçons). Sur la base de l’objectif de cette recherche, nous avons constaté que le fonctionnement de la famille était associé à un état plus élevé de pleine conscience, ce qui a contribué à l’utilisation accrue de la réévaluation par les adolescents et, à son tour, à l’amélioration de leur bien-être psychologique. En outre, le modèle de médiation en série a révélé que la pleine conscience et la réévaluation arbitraient séparément l’influence du fonctionnement familial sur le bien-être psychologique des adolescents mexicains. De même, le fonctionnement familial a eu un effet significatif sur le bien-être psychologique des adolescents par le biais de l’effet médiateur en série de la pleine conscience et de la réévaluation. Enfin, nous avons identifié une trajectoire directe et significative entre le fonctionnement familial et le bien-être psychologique des adolescents qui ont participé à cette étude, ce qui suggère que le fonctionnement familial est un facteur de protection important pour les adolescents. En conclusion, notre modèle a confirmé que le fonctionnement de la famille était associé à un état plus élevé de pleine conscience, ce qui a contribué à augmenter l’utilisation de la stratégie de réévaluation, elle-même liée à un plus grand bien-être psychologique chez les adolescents mexicains.

la cavidad oral es parte del examen físico dermatológico. Los dermatólogos con frecuencia abordamos casos de úlceras orales recurrentes, las cuales son un reto diagnóstico que requiere de abordaje multidisciplinario.

Introduction:The ribonuclease (RNase) A superfamily encodes cationic antimicrobial proteins with potent microbicidal activity toward uropathogenic bacteria. Ribonuclease 6 (RNase6) is an evolutionarily conserved, leukocyte-derived antimicrobial peptide with potent microbicidal activity toward uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC), the most common cause of bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs). In this study, we generated Rnase6-deficient mice to investigate the hypothesis that endogenous RNase 6 limits host susceptibility to UTI. Methods:We generated a Rnase6EGFPknock-in allele to identify cellular sources of Rnase6and determine the consequences of homozygous Rnase6deletion on antimicrobial activity and UTI susceptibility. Results:We identified monocytes and macrophages as the primary cellular sources of Rnase6in bladders and kidneys of Rnase6EGFP/+mice. Rnase6deficiency (i.e., Rnase6EGFP/EGFP) resulted in increased upper urinary tract UPEC burden during experimental UTI, compared to Rnase6+/+controls. UPEC displayed increased intracellular survival in Rnase6-deficient macrophages. Conclusion:Our findings establish that RNase6prevents pyelonephritis by promoting intracellular UPEC killing in monocytes and macrophages and reinforce the overarching contributions of endogenous antimicrobial RNase A proteins to host UTI defense.

Evaluar la asociación entre la fracción del espacio muerto (VD/VT) medida por capnografía de tiempo, el volumen minuto corregido (VMC) y la razón ventilatoria (RV) con los desenlaces clínicos en pacientes con COVID-19 que requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI).

When Hermana Yolanda Tarango entered the novitiate of the Sisters of Charity of the Incarnate Word in 1966, she was required to bring two texts with her: the Bible and [...]

POR: Fernanda Hernández Orozco Estados Unidos es inevitable, por lo menos para México. Los dos países comparten una frontera de más de 3,000 kilómetros, una de las más grandes del [...]

Se describe la cobertura del suelo y la composición florística de los tipos de vegetación leñosa del geoparque Mixteca Alta (GMA), del estado de Oaxaca, mismos que se identificaron mediante una clasificación visual sobre una imagen de satélite Google Earth (2016) y luego fueron verificados en campo. Se identificaron nueve tipos de cobertura del suelo y cuatro tipos de vegetación leñosa, que fueron muestreados para conocer su composición. En los tipos de vegetación leñosa, se establecieron 70 sitios temporales de 500 [m.sup.2] cada uno, en los que se censaron árboles y arbustos. En total se registraron 91 especies, pertenecientes a 55 géneros y 31 familias. La composición florística es similar a la de otras zonas templadas de México, aunque la riqueza de especies es menor. Sin embargo, el bosque de encino y el de pino y encino tienen una mayor riqueza de especies en comparación con el matorral xerófilo y con el de enebro. La composición y estructura muestran que la vegetación es de tipo secundaria, que se ha repoblado mediante un proceso de sucesión secundaria. Debe reconocerse que actualmente el GMA es una zona donde la cobertura forestal se está recuperando y que las comunidades locales han desempeñado un papel en este proceso. PALABRAS CLAVE: bosque de encino, enebro, estructura, número efectivo de especies, matorral xerófilo, tipos de coberturas. We describe land cover and floristic composition of woody vegetation in the Mixteca Alta Geopark (GMA), in the state of Oaxaca. Land cover types were identified by a visual classification on a satellite imagery from Google Earth (2016). Land cover types were verified on the ground doing fieldtrips. We identified nine land cover types. Four of them were woody vegetation, which were sampled to determine their floristic composition. We set 70 temporal sampling sites of 500 [m.sup.2] each. We counted and measured trees and bushes. In total 91 species were recorded from 55 genus and 31 families. Floristic composition is like other temperate zones in Mexico but, richness in our study site is lower. However, oak forest and oak and pine forest are richer in species than xerophytic scrub and scrub with juniper. The composition and structure show that the vegetation is secondary, it means that it has regrown by secondary succession processes. Currently the GMA area forest cover is growing, and local communities have had a role in this process. KEYWORDS: oak forest, juniper, structure, effective number of species, xerophytic scrub, cover types., INTRODUCCIÓN La región de la Mixteca Alta, localizada al noroeste de Oaxaca, ha sido caracterizada como de alta biodiversidad, con un alto nivel de endemismo (García-Mendoza, Tenorio y Reyes-Santiago, 1994) [...]

Any attempt to discuss the plethora of estate tax reform proposals pending in Congress at a given point in time is likely to prove an exercise in futility. It does, [...]

Policy debates about undocumented immigration in the United States focus most often on adults and adolescents. Yet 5.5 million U.S. children currently reside with at least one undocumented immigrant parent, with 4.5 million of these children U.S.-born citizens. Given that children with undocumented parents constitute nearly one-third of all children with immigrant parents and about 8 percent of all U.S. children, their well-being holds important implications for U.S. society. This review summarizes the current evidence on whether and how parent undocumented status affects the cognitive, school attainment, and mental health outcomes of children and youth. Research on mechanisms through which these effects occur--including both removal and fear of removal; parent-child separation; lower access to public programs; psychological distress; "awakening" to one's own undocumented status; and work conditions and economic hardship--is also reviewed. Potential moderators include the chronicity of experienced undocumented status; large-scale economic changes such as the Great Recession; and neighborhood and network social capital. Both public policies and community-based organizations' practices may help reduce the developmental risks for children with undocumented parents. We conclude by discussing a range of such policies and practices, related to preschool and prekindergarten, work and employment, border enforcement, program enrollment and access, organizational and institutional partnerships, and a range of choices regarding a pathway to citizenship. [This issue of "Social Policy Report" also includes the following commentaries: (1) All Our Children? (Ruby Takanishi); (2) The Plight of the Children of Unauthorized Mexican Parents (Frank D. Bean); and (3) Children in the U.S. with Undocumented Parents: Research and Policy Issues (Alexander N. Ortega).]

abstract:Artisanal mining in the Global South increased during the 2002–14 commodity boom, yet variation in the informal status of miners remains understudied. The authors define the status of artisanal mining based on the degree of rule compliance and the willingness of state actors to enforce such compliance: it is legal when the miners have formal permits to operate and follow state rules to mine, but it is illegal when the mining takes places in restricted natural reserves and noncompliance with state mining rules is extensive. The article explains transitions in the informal status of artisanal miners by examining the importance of mining to the local economy and the organizational asymmetries within the sector—that is, the differences in the associative strength of artisanal mining within a region. Where artisanal mining is central to the local economy, low asymmetries help miners transition to legality while high asymmetries, by contrast, push them toward illegality and criminality. The authors process trace these transitions in Peru’s most important gold-producing regions. The findings have broad implications for other small-scale producers and merchants whose activities are also known for widespread informality.

We analyze the outage probability (OP), ergodic capacity (EC), and average bit error probability (ABEP) of L-branch diversity systems using maximal-ratio-combining (MRC) over Multi-cluster-Fluctuating-Two-Ray (MFTR) fading channels, a model well-suited for sub-terahertz bands. We derive exact OP, EC, and ABEP expressions. For this latter metric, we assume M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM), and we also perform its asymptotic analysis to obtain the coding gain and diversity order. Unlike previous works for simpler fading models, our expressions retain consistent complexity regardless of the number of MRC branches and depend on functions available in standard mathematical software. The results show that coding gain relies on fading distribution parameters, L, and M. Meanwhile, diversity order is determined by multiplying L with the number of multipath clusters in the MFTR model.

Aguas frescasare Mexican drinks that are typically made with water, sugar, and fruit. Aguas frescasmay be a significant component of sugary-drink intake among Mexican and Mexican-American (MA) adults. However, it is unclear whether survey respondents report aguas frescasconsumption when it is not specifically queried in standardized beverage frequency instruments.

Preoperative management of patients living with severe obesity can be challenging; in this context, the preoperative weight loss may help to obtain better outcomes and less morbidity for bariatric surgery. Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of GLP-1 analogue Liraglutide in preoperative weight loss. We performed a single-center, quasi-experimental prospective study. Eligible participants were adults in preoperative management for bariatric-metabolic surgery with body-mass index ≥ 48 kg/m2. All patients were assigned liraglutide treatment, with an initial dose of 0.6 mg subcutaneous per day, the dose was increased each week until reaching 3.0 mg for 12 weeks. Weight loss and body composition were evaluated monthly using bioelectric impedance (BIA) (InBody 770 Scale®). We analyzed data using descriptive statistics, central tendency measures and dispersion for quantitative variables and absolute and relative frequencies for qualitative variables. A total of 37 individuals were included in this study, 28 (76%) were female and 9 (24%) were males, with an average age of 44 years. About the BMI, 19 patients (51%) had a BMI > 50 kg/m2, 10 (27%) > 40 kg/m2and 8 (22%) > 60 kg/m2; with a total average BMI of 56.04 kg/m2. The initial weight was 147.4 ± 14.9 kg which decreased to 139.3 ± 16.8 kg; after 3 months of liraglutide administration. A total of 35 patients had some degree of weight loss (94.6%), while 2 (5.40%) had no weight changes. The total weight loss was 5.50% at 3 months of liraglutide treatment. Liraglutide could be an effective adjuvant therapy for preoperative weight loss in patients living with severe obesity.

La pancreatitis crónica es un síndrome fibroinflamatorio patológico del páncreas. El tratamiento incluye manejo médico e intervenciones endoscópicas o quirúrgicas. Nuestro objetivo fue conocer la evolución entre los pacientes con pancreatitis crónica tratados mediante cirugía y aquellos tratados por endoscopia de manera inicial.

Given a state space description of a linear time-invariant multivariable system, a similarity transformation is applied to get a controllability canonical form. This transformation assures a Bond Graph (BG) realization and avoids the use of active bonds. Active or signal bonds do not preserve the continuity of power flows and consequently, energy conservation properties are lost. The state matrix of the system in transformed coordinates contains an antisymmetric matrix associated with the storage field and the rest is associated with the dissipative field. Thus, in general, the dissipative field is implemented with a multiport element, and in order to give physical meaning, the storage field is implemented with one-port elements. The resulting BG model does not have zero-order causal paths, that is, algebraic loops between the dissipative elements. The results are applied to the BG realization of a linear robust multivariable controller that is designed for a two mass system modelled in BG.

As societal challenges grow, so does the role of universities in finding social and technological solutions. Technical universities are prominent in educating future innovators and developing desired technological and social change. This paper seeks to identify commonalities and better understand differences to develop strategies for mutual support and exchange of best practices. The methodological approach focuses on three questions concerning 1) the common understanding of transdisciplinary, 2) the diversity of transdisciplinary approaches to sustainable development, and 3) the different institutional structures that enable and promote transdisciplinary approaches to sustainability. The qualitative exploratory research suggests that a higher level of societal engagement in scientific research positively impacts societal transformation towards sustainability. This research is also a first step towards making transdisciplinary research at technical universities more visible and transparent to provide better support and create a mutual learning environment for discussing and continuously developing strategies for organizational change.

The plasma control system (PCS) is a critical application required for daily operation of the DIII-D tokamak. Continuous expansion and upgrades to its hardware and software require a careful balance between the need to sustain high operations availability and the introduction of new real-time (RT) acquisition and control schemes. A number of new and improved diagnostics and controls have been added to the PCS. Expansion of the Upper Divertor Viewing (UDV) bolometer diagnostic now covers the tokamak upper divertor region and 8 new UDV channels have been added to the PCS data suite. To improve protection of the vessel, heat-flux and surface temperature control using real time infrared (IRTV) diagnostics have been successfully demonstrated. Neural network models have been added to the system to support experiments in disruption avoidance. In response to the increasing demand for software enhancements during operations, a testbed that closely mirrors the production hardware and software has been recently constructed and commissioned. It significantly increases the variety of testing that can be performed. Therefore, it is now possible to simultaneously operate DIII-D while validating new control algorithms for future experiments. In conjunction with an expansion of regular code reviews, the deployment of the testbed has resulted in greater reliability even with an increasing number and frequency of updates. Details of the specific hardware and software enhancements made along with improvements to testing and software quality assurance will be presented.

Globally, natural fibers are important at reducing the using nonrecyclable synthetic fibers; therefore, cultivating fique can help supply the demand for nonplastic packaging in the Colombian and international markets. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria has a working collection of fique located at La Selva‐Rionegro Research Center (Antioquia‐Colombia). This work evaluated the repeatability coefficient of 68 Furcraeaaccessions harvested from 2019 to 2022. Repeatability coefficients of 0.293 and 0.149 were found for total dry fiber yield and dry fiber percentage, respectively. The yield‐stability selection index was calculated for the evaluated traits, by which 10 promising accessions were selected, representing 14% of the evaluated population. In addition, correlation coefficients were calculated between productive variables and some meteorological variables (accumulated rainfall, average maximum, and minimum temperatures, and accumulated solar radiation. The accumulated rainfall at 101 days showed the highest correlation with values of 0.429 and 0.488 for the total dry fiber production and the percentage of dry fiber, respectively. The average minimum temperature presented positive correlations with the productive performance of fique. The genetic potential of the working collection of fique is described.Furcraeahas low potential heritability in fiber yield and fiber percentage.There are promising fique accessions to supply the demand for natural fiber.

AbstractThis study presents new (n=32) and previously published (n=35) human bone 14C AMS dates from 54 individuals interred in 50 burials in the Plinkaigalis cemetery (3rd–7th century AD, Lithuania). The aim of this study is to establish duration of use and identify temporal subgroups within the cemetery. Individuals in group burials were assessed for temporal agreement across individuals and the dates for individuals with multiple dates were combined using OxCal. The Sum command, Interval command, and two Bayesian models (overlapping and abutting periods of use) were used to approximate the use of the site over time and evaluate the chronology of dated burials. An IDW (inverse distance weighted) model was employed to visualize median radiocarbon dates across the cemetery for comparison to earlier IDW interpolations of time at Plinkaigalis. While the two models cannot be distinguished at this time, it can be determined that the site was likely in continuous use from 200–600 cal AD (Sum), 230–560 cal AD (Model 1), 220–550 cal AD (Model 2), or cal 283–508 AD (IDW). The area of the cemetery associated with earliest use shifted east when the IDW model was compared to original data. There was also poor agreement in some group burials and burials with multiple dates. The models generally agree on assignment of burials to phases, but disparate phase assignment was noted across the IDW and Bayesian models. Temporal subgroups cannot be confidently reclassified beyond early/later periods of use based on these models without additional sampling and refinement of the IDW modeling method.

Background:: The extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASC) are microenvironment modulators in tissue regeneration by releasing their molecular cargo, including miRNAs. However, the influence of ASC-derived extracellular vesicles (ASC-EVs) on endothelial cells (ECs) and vascularisation is poorly understood. The present study aimed to determine the pro-angiogenic effects of ASC-EVs and explore their miRNA profile. Methods:: EVs were isolated from normoxic and hypoxic cultured ASC conditioned culture medium. The miRNA expression profile was determined by miRseq, and EV markers were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The uptake dynamics of fluorescently labelled EVs were monitored for 24 h. ASC-EVs' pro-angiogenic effect was assessed by sprouting ex vivo rat aorta rings in left ventricular-decellularized extracellular matrix (LV dECM) hydrogel or basement membrane hydrogel (Geltrex®). Results:: ASC-EVs augmented vascular network formation by aorta rings. The vascular network topology and stability were influenced in a hydrogel scaffold-dependent fashion. The ASC-EVs were enriched for several miRNA families/clusters, including Let-7 and miR-23/27/24. The miRNA-1290 was the highest enriched non-clustered miRNA, accounting for almost 20% of all reads in hypoxia EVs. Conclusion:: Our study revealed that ASC-EVs augment in vitro and ex vivo vascularisation, likely due to the enriched pro-angiogenic miRNAs in EVs, particularly miR-1290. Our results show promise for regenerative and revascularisation therapies based on ASC-EV-loaded ECM hydrogels.

The fluid antenna system (FAS) has emerged as a disruptive technology that promises outstanding diversity and multiplexing gains comparable to or better than multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), but without the issues of channel state information (CSI) acquisition and the advantage of requiring smaller physical spaces of upcoming user devices. This work investigates the potentialities of this technology to provide secure transmissions by analysing the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of two different implementations of FAS undergoing spatial correlated Nakagami-$m$ fading by assuming $i)$ non-diversity FAS and maximum-gain combining-FAS (MGC-FAS) diversity scheme at the legitimate node and $ii)$ multiple-antennas performing maximal ratio combining (MRC) at the eavesdropper. Specifically, using a novel asymptotic matching method, a simple and accurate closed-form approximations to the end-to-end signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) distributions are derived in terms of well-known functions without incurring tricky functions or multi-fold integrals. Our findings reveal that the secrecy performance of the MGC-FAS beats the non-diversity FAS counterpart only when $i)$ the antenna size of the FAS tube is large enough, and $ii)$ the average SNR of the legitimate path is much greater than that of the eavesdropper link. Finally, numerical results validate our approximations of the SOP for the MGC-FAS scheme and demonstrate its accuracy under different FAS conditions.

My first year as a tenure-track professor has been nothing short of a jaw-dropping experience. From navigating the social and political environment with colleagues and administrators, to building meaningful relationships with pre-service teachers, the Covid-19 pandemic and all its attendant challenges prompted me to examine common institutional practices more closely. The result of this examination was a recognition of a shift in my perspective from 'are we doing enough?' to 'we are doing all we can.' A subsequent interrogation of the isolating structures that create barriers to the development and growth of both emerging scholars and pre-service teachers revealed spaces in which teacher education as a discipline and a profession can develop. I suggest that the use of mindful scaffolding to transform evaluation and retention expectations and field experience requirements, whether in face-to-face or remote settings, can yield benefits for both faculty and pre-service teachers, alike., Introduction This summer, amidst the global Covid-19 pandemic, I celebrated the completion of my first year as an assistant professor. While there were certainly many overwhelming experiences, I remained grateful [...]