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To assess safety and efficacy of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) for advanced bullous keratopathy (BK).

To compare corneal densitometry and topography variables in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and healthy subjects.

La infección por el virus varicela-zóster (VVZ) tiene una alta prevalencia a nivel mundial. De las muchas manifestaciones oftalmológicas que puede manifestar, la diplopía de aparición brusca es una de ellas. Revisamos 4 casos clínicos de mononeuritis del III y VI par craneales en el contexto de vesículas herpéticas por el VVZ y revisamos la fisiopatología y las manifestaciones clínicas más importantes. Es obligado para el oftalmólogo descartar complicaciones mediante pruebas de imagen y el correcto tratamiento con antivirales sistémicos.

Los quistes de inclusión epitelial (QIE) representan una patología ocular muy poco frecuente con una fisiopatología aún no del todo conocida. Consisten en el crecimiento de células epiteliales de la superficie ocular dentro del segmento anterior del ojo en forma de quistes. Aunque se han publicado casos en la literatura sobre este tipo de lesiones, ninguno de ellos se ha relacionado con la cirugía de glaucoma hasta la fecha. Describimos 2 casos de QIE después del implante de dispositivos de drenaje de glaucoma. El primer caso se trata de un varón de 86 años con glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto que desarrolló un QIE 3 años después de la extracción de PRESERFLO® MicroShunt (Santen, Osaka, Japón), y el segundo, una mujer de 9 años con glaucoma secundario a uveítis por artritis idiopática juvenil que desarrolló un QIE debajo del tubo de la válvula Ahmed en el postoperatorio. Los QIE son proliferaciones benignas que se desarrollan tras heridas penetrantes o estímulos inflamatorios importantes. Requieren seguimiento para detectar complicaciones tempranas y evitar posteriores cirugías mutilantes en caso de ser necesaria su extracción.

Introducción: El trasplante de pulmón (TP) es una de las opciones terapéuticas en los pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias en fase terminal. La valoración de la fragilidad en pacientes en lista de espera (LE) de TP es importante debido a su asociación con efectos adversos negativos y mortalidad.

To study Haab striae in adults with primary congenital glaucoma and describe them by anterior segment optical coherence tomography, as well as analyze their evolution over the patient's lifetime.

La presencia de cuerpos extraños intraoculares tras la cirugía de catarata es relativamente frecuente y son muchos los casos publicados en la literatura sobre este tema. Nos podemos encontrar con varios tipos de cuerpos extraños, de diversos materiales y algunos de ellos con capacidad de producir graves efectos secundarios. Se recomienda su extracción cuando es posible, siempre individualizando cada caso, así como extremar las medidas preventivas en todas las cirugías. En este trabajo hacemos una revisión del tema que consideramos de importancia por las posibles complicaciones oculares que pueden generarse.

La distrofia corneal policromática es una rara distrofia predescemética, con pocos casos publicados. Presentamos los hallazgos encontrados mediante lámpara de hendidura, biomicroscopia especular y confocal en una serie de 4 casos de esta entidad.

Describir los valores de normalidad del grosor de los músculos rectos horizontales mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica de dominio espectral (SD-OCT) y valorar si existe correlación entre el grosor muscular y el sexo, la edad o la longitud axial (LA).

The Family Competence Program is the result of the research group by Socio-Educational Training Research Group and it‘s an adaptation of the Strengthening Families Program (SFP). One of the contexts in which the theoretical basis of socio-educational actions can clearly be improved is intervention in the field of child protection. Application of the Family Competence Program in a context of child protection showed positive results in family relationships, parental skills and children‘s social competences.

Abstract The localized application of the synthetic cytokinin CPPU ((2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenyl urea) to ovaries at flower opening was as effective as free pollination in setting parthenocarpic fruit in the triploid watermelon cultivar ‘Reina de Corazones’, and increased yield per unit land area by at least 50%, simply due to the lack of requirement for diploid pollen producing plants within the orchard. The application of the synthetic auxin 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) as a full coverage spray, was also effective in setting fruit; total yield was however 10% smaller than in the CPPU-treated plots, but the cost of application was much less expensive. These applications had no adverse effect on fruit quality, and their effectiveness in commercial watermelon production was evaluated over 4 years. Localized applications of 2,4-D to ovaries were less effective in setting fruit, and increased hollow fruit.

Objective: To study the startle reflex and the effect of the startle reflex stimulus over reaction time (start-react effect) in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS).

With the aim of improving some of the disadvantages of the acrylic bone cements, an acrylic bone cement based on polymethyl methacrylate has been modified by substituting different quantities, up to 20%, of the monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA) with the same amount of ethoxytriethyleneglycol monomethacrylate (TEG). The addition of this new monomer decreased noticeably the maximum temperature and increased both setting and working times. Mechanical testing revealed that the introduction of TEG gave rise to a less fragile bone cement by increasing slightly the total deformation without any change in the rest of the tensile parameters.

4-Dimethylaminobenzyl alcohol (DMOH) and 4-dimethyl-aminobenzyl methacrylate (DMMO) were used as the activators in the benzoyl peroxide initiated redox polymerization for the preparation of acrylic bone cement based on poly(methylmethacrylate) beads of different particle size. The residual monomer content of the cured cements was about 2 wt %, independent of the redox system used in the polymerization, indicating that the activating effect of the tertiary aromatic amines DMOH or DMMO was sufficient to reach a polymerization conversion similar to that obtained with the benzoyl peroxide (BPO) N,N-dimethyl-4-toluidine (DMT) system. The BPO/DMOH and BPO/DMMO redox systems provided exotherms of decreasing peak temperature and increasing setting time, and the cured materials presented higher average molecular weight and similar glass transition temperatures in comparison with those obtained when DMT was used as the activator. In addition, these activators are three times less toxic than the classical DMT. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Abstract: Objective: To compare the pharmacokinetic parameters after a single dose of a monoclonally purified factor VIII concentrate in four different computer programs for pharmacokinetic analysis. Setting: Haemophilia unit of a tertiary care university hospital. Methods: Ten patients with severe haemophilia A were administered a single dose of 30–50 IU kg−1 body weight. Blood samples were drawn at different times during the first 48 h after infusion of factor VIII. Plasma factor VIII activity was measured by standard one-stage clotting assay and experimental data were analysed using four computer programs: JANA, PKCALC, F8SD and PCNONLIN. The pharmacokinetic models of analysis employed in the study were both compartmental and non-compartmental. The parameters compared were half-lives (t1/2) and mean residence time (MRT), volumes of distribution (V) and clearance (CL). Values obtained for each pharmacokinetic parameter in each program for the same model were tested for differences with a multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA). Linear correlation with the equivalent parameters for each program was also performed. Results: Pharmacokinetic parameters differed depending on the computer program used to analyse the same data set. There were differences of statistical significance in t1/2 and V for one-compartment and two-compartment models derived by some of the programs, but none with the non-compartmental one. CL, considered model independent, showed differences between the programs evaluated. Correlations for each parameter generated were in general good (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Pharmacokinetic parameters differed depending on the computer program used to analyse the same data set. The same patient data used in different computer programs will result in significantly different parameter estimations, although the non-compartmental approach is less affected by variation, and this should be taken into consideration for comparative purposes, for the development of new preparations and for the implications in patient care and therapy monitoring.

The pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B administered in a conventional 5% dextrose (glucose) (5% D) solution and in a 20% fat emulsion formulation (Intralipid; 20% IL) were compared in 16 patients (mean age, 42 years [range, 18 to 70 years]) who had been hospitalized for hematological malignancies and with proven or suspected fungal infections. All of the patients received 50 mg (approximately 1 mg/kg of body weight per day) of amphotericin B daily in random order, either as a 50-ml lipid emulsion (20% IL) (group I) or in 500 ml of 5% D (group II). Five serum samples were taken during the 24 h after drug administration, and the levels of amphotericin B were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Serum amphotericin B concentrations declined rapidly during the first 6 h, and subsequent measurements revealed a slow terminal elimination phase in both groups. The maximum serum amphotericin B concentration was significantly lower when the drug was administered in 20% IL (1.46 +/- 0.61 versus 2.83 +/- 1.17 micrograms/ml; P = 0.02). The area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h was also much lower in group I (17.22 +/- 11.15 versus 28.98 +/- 15.46 micrograms.h/ml). The half-life of the distribution phase was approximately three times longer in group I (2.92 +/- 2.34 h versus 0.64 +/- 0.24 h; P = 0.011). Conversely, the half-lives of the elimination phase were approximately equal in the two groups (11.44 +/- 5.18 versus 15.23 +/- 5.25 h). The mean residence times were also similar in both groups (19.41 +/- 11.13 versus 19.65 +/- 7.86 h). The clearance and the steady-state volume of distribution of amphotericin B in group I were about twice as great as those in group II (62.97 +/- 35.51 versus 33.01 +/- 14.33 ml/kg/h and 1,043.92 +/- 512.10 versus 562.32 +/- 152.05 ml/kg [P = 0.034], respectively). Finally, the volume of distribution in the central compartment was greater in group I than in group II (618.17 +/- 231.80 versus 328.19 +/- 151.71 ml/kg; P = 0.013), but there were no differences in the volume of distribution in the peripheral compartment (425.75 +/- 352.87 versus 234.14 +/- 75.92 ml/kg). These results suggest that amphotericin B has a different pharmacokinetic profile when it is administered in 20% IL than when it is administered in the standard 5% D form and that the main difference is due to a clear-cut difference in the steady-state volume of distribution, especially that in the central compartment.

Bone cements are mainly based on acrylie polymers, poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) being the most representative. The curing process (cold curing) is the result of the free radical polymerization of a mixture of beads of PMMA and methyl methacrylate (MMA), initiated by benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and activated by the presence of a tertiary amine, the most classical being N,N-dimethyl-4-toluidine (DMT). In this work the results on the effect of the size and size distribution of PMMA beads and the concentration of DMT and BPO on the setting parameters, the residual monomer content and the mechanical properties (tension and compression) of the cured systems are presented. The use of relatively larger diameter PMMA beads improves the characteristic parameters of the curing process (decreasing the peak temperature and increasing the setting time), without detrimental effects on the mechanical properties of the cured cement.

Introducción: La debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (DAU) es desarrollada por el 40-46% de los pacientes ingresados en UCI. Diferentes estudios han mostrado que la Movilización Temprana (MT) es segura, factible, costo-efectiva y mejora los resultados del paciente a corto y largo plazo.