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Ionogels were obtained by impregnating Aerosil A380 with 1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (OMIM BF4) ionic liquid (IL). The IL content of the ionogels varied from 16.3 to 79.9 mol %. There was evidence of the confinement of the IL in silica in the shift and broadening of the BF4–19F NMR signal and in the noticeable (∼50 °C) decrease in the temperature of IL decomposition. For both the ionogels and the pure IL, the frequencies of IR vibrations were different, providing further evidence of the confinement effect. An analysis of textural characteristics revealed that, upon its addition to Aerosil, the IL sequentially adsorbed in the micropores, mesopores and interparticle space. SAXS measurements showed that, in the confined IL, the size of nonpolar correlations substantially increased, from 21.5 Å in the bare IL to 25.6 Å in the ionogel containing 28.1 mol % IL. Unexpectedly, for the ionogel with the lowest IL content (16.3 mol %), no nonpolar correlations were observed, indicating the strong distortion of the structure of the confined ionic liquid. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on regular changes in nonpolar correlations in ionic liquids upon confinement in a porous solid. These structural correlations can easily be tuned by simply changing the IL content in the ionogel material.

AbstractObjectivesPerceived expectations for active aging (PEAA) reflect subjective exposure to social expectations about staying active and fit in old age, for example, by maintaining health and social engagement. We investigated whether motivational and personality factors were related to PEAA in the domains of physical health, mental health, and social engagement.MethodWe used a nationally representative sample of German adults (SOEP-IS) covering the entire adult life span (N = 2,007, age range 16–94 years) to test our pre-registered hypotheses.ResultsMultiple regression analyses indicated that motivation (i.e. life goals and health-related worries) was consistently associated with PEAA in the matching domains and mediated the effects of openness to experience on PEAA. No other personality trait was associated with PEAA.ConclusionOur findings suggest that individuals preferentially notice the expectations for active aging whose content relates to their personal concerns and goals.

Von Willebrand disease (VWD), the most prevalent hereditary bleeding disorder, results from deficiency of von Willebrand factor (VWF).

There is considerable evidence for mitochondrial-nuclear co-adaptation as a key evolutionary driver. Hypotheses regarding the roles of sex-linkage have emphasized Z-linked nuclear genes with mitochondrial function (N-mt genes), whereas it remains contentious whether the perfect co-inheritance of W genes with mitogenomes could hinder or facilitate co-adaptation. Young (neo-) sex chromosomes that possess relatively many N-mt genes compared to older chromosomes provide unprecedented hypothesis-testing opportunities. Eastern Yellow Robin (EYR) lineages in coastal and inland habitats with different climates are diverged in mitogenomes, and in a ~ 15.4 Mb nuclear region enriched with N-mt genes, in contrast with otherwise-similar nuclear genomes. This nuclear region maps to passerine chromosome 1A, previously found to be neo-sex in the inland EYR genome. To compare sex-linked Chr1A-derived genes between lineages, we assembled and annotated the coastal EYR genome. We found that: (i) the coastal lineage shares a similar neo-sex system with the inland lineage, (ii) neo-W and neo-Z N-mt genes are not more diverged between lineages than are comparable non-N-mt genes, and showed little evidence for broad positive selection, (iii) however, W-linked N-mt genes are more diverged between lineages than are their Z-linked gametologs. The latter effect was ~7 times stronger for N-mt than non-N-mt genes, suggesting that W-linked N-mt genes might have diverged between lineages under environmental selection through co-evolution with mitogenomes. Finally, we identify a candidate gene driver for divergent selection, NDUFA12. Our data represent a rare example suggesting a possible role for W-associated mitochondrial-nuclear interactions in climate-associated adaptation and lineage differentiation.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults. One of the best established CLL prognostic markers is the somatic hypermutational status of the IGHVgene which is a part of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region. Technology for IGHV genotyping has been optimized and has been applied in routine diagnostics for the first time in Bulgaria. A total of 105 patients with CLL from different Bulgarian regions were tested. IGHV mutational status was determined by Sanger sequencing on total genomic DNA (gDNA) or RNA extracted from mononuclear cells. All sequencing profiles were analyzed with the IMGT/V-QUEST tool. Within the course of the analysis a high percentage of IGHV unmutated status was established in the Varna district on the Black Sea (Northeast Bulgaria). In addition, the IGHV genotyping performed on gDNA revealed a rare case with multiple rearrangements. The present data from IGHV genotyping will help in choosing the proper treatment for the benefit of Bulgarian CLL patients.

Hyaluronic acid is an excellent biocompatible material for in vivoapplications. Its ability to bind CD44, a cell receptor involved in numerous biological processes, predetermines HA-based nanomaterials as unique carrier for therapeutic and theranostic applications. Although numerous methods for the synthesis of hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (HANPs) are available today, their low reproducibility and wide size distribution hinder the precise assessment of the effect on the organism. A robust and reproducible approach for producing HANPs that meet strict criteria for in vivoapplications (e.g., to lung parenchyma) remains challenging. We designed and evaluated four protocols for the preparation of HANPs with those required parameters. The HA molecule was cross-linked by novel combinations of carbodiimide, and four different amine-containing compounds resulted in monodisperse HANPs with a low polydispersity index. By a complex postsynthetic characterization, we confirmed that the prepared HANPs meet the criteria for inhaled therapeutic delivery and other in vivoapplications.

This paper presents the capabilities of specialized simulation software to develop a visual model that represents a cyber intelligence scenario. The architecture development method is applied to create an operational view for the tactics to conduct an intelligence attack by a team in the Computer Security Incident Response Centre in the structures related to crisis management and response. For this purpose, a prognostic scenario for reconnaissance attack tactics was developed using the toolkit of the simulation software, in which the Gather information about the victim’s network techniques are applied.

Treatment of mixed phosphonium–iodonium ylides featuring a six-membered phenoxaphosphonium fragment with aqueous tetrafluoroboronic acid induces a rearrangement, resulting in expansion of the phosphacycle and oxidation of the phosphorus atom. The target difficult-to-access dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxaphosphepine oxides (3 examples) were isolated in excellent yields (up to 95%) as mixtures of stereoisomers. Hydrolysis of a five-membered mixed ylide, a dibenzophosphole derivative, predominantly preserves the phosphole system with cycle expansion occurring as a side process.

The results of integrated isotope-geochemical and microbiological studies of reservoir waters from oilfields under development in the southern part of the West Siberian petroleum province are reported for the first time. The waters have mainly Cl Na chemistry, with salinity 13–72 g/L TDS, pH between 6.9 and 8.5, and reductive geochemical environment with Eh ranging from − 166.3 to − 90.1 mV. Salinity variations are due to the injection of waters from the Aptian–Albian–Cenomanian aquifer to maintain the reservoir pressure early during the development, and subsequent use of closed-cycle produced water, at increased water cutting of the production well stock. The presence of two main genetic types of groundwaters in the hydrogeological section is revealed: the ancient waters of infiltration genesis, and the waters of sediment genesis. In most of the sampled waters, the δD–δ18O pair indicates climate-induced 4–5‰ 16O depletion prior to burial, combined with later 2–3‰ 18O enrichment during prolonged water–rock interaction. In some water samples, dissolved inorganic carbon is of bacterial origin, as suggested by its isotope composition (δ13CDIC). The waters hotter than 90°Cshow an evident positive δ13CDICshift to a range of − 8 to + 4‰ VPDB, which is common to thermal water values. The analyzed waters are characterized by lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios than those in the present-day seawater. A substantial Sr input from mantle sources is assumed, manifested up to different degrees in the waters of the studied oilfields. Microorganisms involved in the nitrogen, sulfur, iron, and carbon cycles are detected in the studied water samples. The products of the vital activities of nitrifying, thionic, and sulfate-reducing bacteria are nitric and sulfuric acids, and hydrogen sulfide. The joint action of these microbial groups poses large-scale corrosion risks to the oilfield facilities.

The reform of decentralization of public power and management, which was carried out in Ukraine by transferring power and resources from central authorities to the level of united territorial communities (UTCs) and districts, makes increased requirements for the management of the process of cohesion and development of these socio-spatial formations on the basis of inclusiveness. Given this, the article substantiates the need to build system management an inclusive development of UTCs and districts identified as convergent type rural-urban agglomerations. The orientation of the redistribution of power and its consequences for the inclusivity of these agglomeration formations was found, the value of this phenomenon was revealed to overcome socio-spatial disproportions, determine the structure and measurements of system model management of inclusive development of these agglomerations. Theoretical generalizations and practical recommendations made according to the results of the study are distinguished by scientific novelty and are important for the post-war restoration of Ukraine.

Scientific interest in orthopoxvirus infections and search for new highly effective compounds possessing antiviral activity against orthopoxviruses have significantly increased as a result of worldwide mpox outbreak in 2022. The present work deals with the synthesis of new 2-arylimidazoles exhibiting in vitroactivity not only against the vaccinia virus, cowpox virus and ectromelia (mousepox) virus but also against the variola virus. Among the imidazole derivatives under consideration (1-hydroxyimidazoles, 1-methoxyimidazoles, 1-benzyloxyimidazoles, and imidazole N-oxides), the most promising antiviral activity is demonstrated by 1-hydroxyimidazoles, which may exist as two prototropic tautomers. Both of these tautomers may be manifested in different crystal structures of these compounds, according to single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, while predominantly one of them (N-hydroxy-tautomeric form) is present in DMSO-d6solutions and in the gaseous state, as shown by NMR spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations. The leader compound 1-hydroxy-2-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazole 4ademonstrated the highest selectivity indices against the vaccinia virus (SI = 1072) and the variola virus (SI = 373).

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), analysis of TP53aberrations (deletion and/or mutation) is a crucial part of treatment decision-making algorithms. Technological and treatment advances have resulted in the need for an update of the last recommendations for TP53analysis in CLL, published by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL, in 2018. Based on the current knowledge of the relevance of low-burden TP53-mutated clones, a specific variant allele frequency (VAF) cut-off for reporting TP53mutations is no longer recommended, but instead, the need for thorough method validation by the reporting laboratory is emphasized. The result of TP53analyses should always be interpreted within the context of available laboratory and clinical information, treatment indication, and therapeutic options. Methodological aspects of introducing next-generation sequencing (NGS) in routine practice are discussed with a focus on reliable detection of low-burden clones. Furthermore, potential interpretation challenges are presented, and a simplified algorithm for the classification of TP53variants in CLL is provided, representing a consensus based on previously published guidelines. Finally, the reporting requirements are highlighted, including a template for clinical reports of TP53aberrations. These recommendations are intended to assist diagnosticians in the correct assessment of TP53mutation status, but also physicians in the appropriate understanding of the lab reports, thus decreasing the risk of misinterpretation and incorrect management of patients in routine practice whilst also leading to improved stratification of patients with CLL in clinical trials.

AbstractOne of the most pressing public health problems is the misuse of antibiotics, especially in industrialized countries. In addition to antibiotic resistance, a disease associated with this abuse is Clostridioides difficileinfection (CDI). It is also a serious problem in long-term hospital treatment, as it often causes intra-hospital infections. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has also led to widespread misuse of antibiotics and prolonged hospitalizations. The aim of our study was to compare two groups of patients who developed CDI before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. A total of 246 CDI patients with an average age of 58 years were studied for the period of March-August 2021, who also recovered from COVID-19. They were compared with another group of CDI patients who had become ill in the period before COVID-19. We found an increase in CDI patients for the period of the COVID-19 pandemic by 21.95%. Patients with CDI associated with COVID-19 were older, with higher rates of neurologic, tumor and cardiovascular disease, and with metabolic syndrome. In the group with COVID-19 CDI, there was higher use of proton pump inhibitors, use of antibiotics and significantly higher use of corticosteroids. All these factors lead to the conclusion that increased caution is needed in patients with COVID-19 and that mandatory testing should be done for C. difficileinfection at the onset of the diarrheal syndrome.

The large surface area of metallic nanoparticles provides them with particular optical, chemical, and biological properties, accordingly enabling their use in a wide array of applications. In this regard, facile and fast synthetic approaches are desirable for ready-to-use functional materials. Following early investigations focused on the direct synthesis of polymer-coated gold nanoparticles, we herein demonstrate that such a strategy can be used to manufacture different types of d-block transition-metal nanoparticles via a one-pot method in aqueous media and mild temperature conditions. Gold (Au3+), palladium (Pd2+), and silver (Ag+) ions could be reduced using only polyethylenimine (PEI) or PEI derivatives acting simultaneously as a reducing and stabilizing agent and without the aid of any other external agent. The process gave rise, for instance, to Pd urchin-like nanostructures with a large surface area which confers to them outstanding catalytic performance compared to AuNPs and AgNPs produced using the same strategy. The polymer-stabilized AgNPs were demonstrated to be biocide against a variety of microorganisms, although AuNPs and PdNPs do not hold such an attribute at least in the probed concentration range. These findings may provide significant advances toward the practical, facile, and ready-to-use manufacturing of transition-metal nanoparticles for a myriad of applications.

The offspring of parents with mental disorders are at increased risk for developing mental disorders themselves. The risk to offspring may extend transdiagnostically to disorders other than those present in the parents. The literature on this topic is vast but mixed. To inform targeted prevention and genetic counseling, we performed a comprehensive, PRISMA 2020‐compliant meta‐analysis. We systematically searched the literature published up to September 2022 to retrieve original family high‐risk and registry studies reporting on the risk of mental disorders in offspring of parents with any type of mental disorder. We performed random‐effects meta‐analyses of the relative risk (risk ratio, RR) and absolute risk (lifetime, up to the age at assessment) of mental disorders, defined according to the ICD or DSM. Cumulative incidence by offspring age was determined using meta‐analytic Kaplan‐Meier curves. We measured heterogeneity with the I2statistic, and risk of bias with the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Sensitivity analyses addressed the impact of study design (family high‐risk vs. registry) and specific vs. transdiagnostic risks. Transdiagnosticity was appraised with the TRANSD criteria. We identified 211 independent studies that reported data on 3,172,115 offspring of parents with psychotic, bipolar, depressive, disruptive, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity, anxiety, substance use, eating, obsessive‐compulsive, and borderline personality disorders, and 20,428,575 control offspring. The RR and lifetime risk of developing any mental disorder were 3.0 and 55% in offspring of parents with anxiety disorders; 2.6 and 17% in offspring of those with psychosis; 2.1 and 55% in offspring of those with bipolar disorder; 1.9 and 51% in offspring of those with depressive disorders; and 1.5 and 38% in offspring of those with substance use disorders. The offspring's RR and lifetime risk of developing the same mental disorder diagnosed in their parent were 8.4 and 32% for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder; 5.8 and 8% for psychosis; 5.1 and 5% for bipolar disorder; 2.8 and 9% for substance use disorders; 2.3 and 14% for depressive disorders; 2.3 and 1% for eating disorders; and 2.2 and 31% for anxiety disorders. There were 37 significant transdiagnostic associations between parental mental disorders and the RR of developing a different mental disorder in the offspring. In offspring of parents with psychosis, bipolar and depressive disorder, the risk of the same disorder onset emerged at 16, 5 and 6 years, and cumulated to 3%, 19% and 24% by age 18; and to 8%, 36% and 46% by age 28. Heterogeneity ranged from 0 to 0.98, and 96% of studies were at high risk of bias. Sensitivity analyses restricted to prospective family high‐risk studies confirmed the pattern of findings with similar RR, but with greater absolute risks compared to analyses of all study types. This study demonstrates at a global, meta‐analytic level that offspring of affected parents have strongly elevated RR and lifetime risk of developing any mental disorder as well as the same mental disorder diagnosed in the parent. The transdiagnostic risks suggest that offspring of parents with a range of mental disorders should be considered as candidates for targeted primary prevention.

Microwave-accelerated ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters catalyzed by ionic liquid (IL) anions, intercalated into layered double hydroxides (LDHs), has been recently described as a fast and environmentally friendly synthetic way to prepare biodegradable polyester/LDH nanocomposites. However, to observe this synergistic catalytic effect between microwaves and IL anions and to achieve a homogeneous structure of the final polymer nanocomposite, the IL anions must be efficiently intercalated inside the LDH structure. Herein, we investigate the effects of various metal compositions of M2+/Al3+LDHs (M = Mg, Co, and Ca) and different LDH synthetic routes (one-step direct coprecipitation, two-step coprecipitation/anion exchange, and two-step urea/anion exchange) on the intercalation efficiency of trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate IL. The most effective IL anion intercalation was observed for Ca2+/Al3+LDH prepared using the two-step method consisting of coprecipitation and subsequent anion exchange. After optimization, this synthetic pathway led to the production of LDHs with intercalated IL anions and a reduced amount of intercalated water (<0.6 wt %). The catalytic ability of thus optimized LDH particles was demonstrated on the microwave-assisted ROP of ε-caprolactone, showing rapid progress of polymerization. Within minutes, the polycaprolactones with an average molecular mass in the range of 20 000–50 000 g/mol containing fully delaminated and exfoliated LDH nanoparticles were obtained.

To inform the stepwise transformation to value-based healthcare in Saudi Arabia, we assess physicians’ priorities for measuring general patient outcomes. This is done as an initial step toward the implementation of disease-specific outcome sets.

Viral outbreaks remain a serious threat to human and animal populations and motivate the continued development of antiviral drugs and vaccines, which in turn benefits from a detailed understanding of both viral structure and dynamics. While great strides have been made in characterizing these systems experimentally, molecular simulations have proven to be an essential, complementary approach. In this work, we review the contributions of molecular simulations to the understanding of viral structure, functional dynamics, and processes related to the viral life cycle. Approaches ranging from coarse-grained to all-atom representations are discussed, including current efforts at modeling complete viral systems. Overall, this review demonstrates that computational virology plays an essential role in understanding these systems.

The adsorption of PBr3on the Si(100)-2 × 1 surface was studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT). The PBr3molecule completely dissociates on the Si(100) surface at room temperature into P and Br atoms. In most cases, the dissociated molecule was observed in STM on three neighboring Si dimers. DFT calculations confirm that the PBr3molecule can completely dissociate at room temperature. After annealing the sample to 400 °C, phosphorus is incorporated into silicon, as evidenced by the Si atoms ejected to the surface. These findings are useful for the insertion of individual phosphorus atoms into silicon by PBr3adsorption through a halogen mask.

Abstract: Experimental samples of single-crystal silicon with hole conductivity doped with boron (KDB-12) and with electronic conductivity doped with phosphorus (KEF-4.5) were studied using the C–V method of postoperative control. On the original KEF-4.5 and KDB-12 wafers, a dielectric layer of silicon dioxide SiO2was grown. Next, the near-surface layer was doped with phosphorus or boron by ion implantation with the type of conductivity corresponding to the substrate. Postoperative control of the dose of impurity atoms embedded by ion implantation was carried out according to capacitance–voltage characteristics. The impurity distribution profiles for the same sample obtained at different points, as well as for different samples with the same implanted dose, differed slightly. The calculation of the dose of implanted ions and the relative error showed a high accuracy of control of the ion implantation process by measuring the capacitance–voltage characteristics. The relative measurement error when compared with the given dose did not exceed 10%. An error greater than 5% was observed for samples with an implanted ion dose close to the limiting dose detected by this method.

Additive manufacturing techniques capable of fabricating biocompatible scaffolds with a given submicron/micron/supramicron structure are of growing interest for biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and tumor biology studies. Here, we propose antisolvent 3D printing and electrospinning techniques to obtain biopolymer scaffolds with different structural, mechanical, and surface properties to compare the cultivation patterns of glioblastoma cells. We found that human G01 cells, derived from human glioblastoma tumor tissue, were able to colonize the scaffolds in a time-dependent manner; the cells showed high viability as confirmed by colorimetric MTT assay, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy data. Electrospun collagen scaffolds (low porosity, thin 2.75±0.22 μm fibers, low Young's modulus 0.076±0.033 MPa) provided monolayer-like growth of G01 glioblastoma cells with dense cell-cell contacts, while 3D-printed PLGA scaffolds (high porosity, thick ∼150 µm fibers, high Young's modulus 18±2 MPa) stimulated glioblastoma-specific spindle-like morphology. All scaffolds were non-toxic to cells and maintained cell growth for at least 2 weeks. The developed scaffolds could be further used for tumor research as a 3D model of glioblastoma in vitroor for tissue engineering of brain injury.

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Circadian sleep–wake disorders are common. Because they represent conflict between the timing of the patient's endogenous rhythms and desired timing of sleep, the presenting complaints may include both difficulty of sleep initiation or maintenance and undesired or unplanned daytime or early evening sleepiness. Therefore, circadian disorders may be misdiagnosed as either a primary insomnia or a hypersomnia disorder, depending on which complaint is more troublesome for the patient. Objective information about sleep and wake patterns over long periods is crucial for accurate diagnosis. Actigraphy provides long-term information about the rest/activity pattern about an individual. However, caution should be applied in interpretation of the results because the information provided only includes information of movements, and activity is only an indirect circadian phase marker. Timing of light and melatonin therapy is critical for successful treatment of circadian rhythm disorders. Therefore, results of actigraphy are useful and should be used in conjunction with additional measurements, including 24 hours sleep–wake history, sleep log, and melatonin measurements.

The Canadian Tofacitinib for Rheumatoid Arthritis Observational (CANTORAL) is the first Canadian prospective, observational study assessing tofacitinib. The objective was to assess effectiveness and safety for moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Coprimary and secondary outcomes are reported from an interim analysis. Patients initiating tofacitinib from October 2017 to July 2020 were enrolled from 45 Canadian sites. Coprimary outcomes (month 6) included the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI)–defined low disease activity (LDA) and remission. Secondary outcomes (to month 18) included the CDAI and the 4‐variable Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)/C‐reactive protein (CRP) level to define LDA and remission; the proportions of patients achieving mild pain (visual analog scale <20 mm), and moderate (≥30%) and substantial (≥50%) pain improvements; and the proportions of patients achieving a Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index (HAQ DI) score greater or equal to  normative values (≤0.25) and a HAQ DI score greater or equal to minimum clinically important difference (MCID) (≥0.22). Safety was assessed to month 36. Of 504 patients initiating tofacitinib, 44.4% received concomitant methotrexate. At month 6, 52.9% and 15.4% of patients were in CDAI‐defined LDA and remission, respectively; a similar proportion of patients achieved outcomes by month 3 (first post‐baseline assessment). By month 3, 27.2% and 41.7% of patients, respectively, were in DAS28‐ESR–defined LDA and DAS28‐CRP <3.2; 14.7% and 25.8% achieved DAS28‐ESR remission and DAS28‐CRP <2.6. By month 3, mild pain and moderate and substantial pain improvements occurred in 29.6%, 55.6%, and 42.9% of patients, respectively; 19.9% and 53.7% of patients achieved a HAQ DI score greater than or equal to normative values and a HAQ DI score greater than or equal to MCID, respectively. Outcomes were generally maintained to month 18. Incidence rates (events per 100 patient‐years) for treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and discontinuations due to AEs were 126.8, 11.9, and 14.5, respectively, and AEs of special interest were infrequent. Tofacitinib was associated with early and sustained improvement in RA signs and symptoms in real‐world patients. Effectiveness and safety were consistent with the established tofacitinib clinical profile.

The article discusses the principles of the formation of the transportation analysis zones, taking into account special generators of trips that are understood as large objects of mass service of the population, in relation of which, the generation of trips is comparable to the generation of certain districts of the city. The conditions for the allocation of such generators in the special transportation analysis zones are considered. The methodology to form the initial data in relation to the transportation analysis zones using modern geographic information systems technologies is described. The classification of the transportation analysis zones is presented.

ObjectiveTo investigate potential moderating effects of resistance exercise dose components including intensity, volume and frequency, for the management of common tendinopathies.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regressions.Data sourcesIncluding but not limited to: MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, ClinicalTrials.gov and ISRCTN Registry.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised and non-randomised controlled trials investigating resistance exercise as the dominant treatment class, reporting sufficient information regarding ≥2 components of exercise dose.ResultsA total of 110 studies were included in meta-analyses (148 treatment arms (TAs), 3953 participants), reporting on five tendinopathy locations (rotator cuff: 48 TAs; Achilles: 43 TAs; lateral elbow: 29 TAs; patellar: 24 TAs; gluteal: 4 TAs). Meta-regressions provided consistent evidence of greater pooled mean effect sizes for higher intensity therapies comprising additional external resistance compared with body mass only (large effect size domains: βBodyMass: External= 0.50 (95% credible interval (CrI): 0.15 to 0.84; p=0.998); small effect size domains (βBodyMass: External= 0.04 (95% CrI: −0.21 to 0.31; p=0.619)) when combined across tendinopathy locations or analysed separately. Greater pooled mean effect sizes were also identified for the lowest frequency (less than daily) compared with mid (daily) and high frequencies (more than once per day) for both effect size domains when combined or analysed separately (p≥0.976). Evidence for associations between training volume and pooled mean effect sizes was minimal and inconsistent.Summary/conclusionResistance exercise dose is poorly reported within tendinopathy management literature. However, this large meta-analysis identified some consistent patterns indicating greater efficacy on average with therapies prescribing higher intensities (through inclusion of additional loads) and lower frequencies, potentially creating stronger stimuli and facilitating adequate recovery.

Selective hydrogenation of 1-hexyne/1-hexene mixture was studied in the temperature range of 100–150 °C (hydrogen pressure of 3 atm) on a catalyst based on mesoporous silica gel (MPS) doped with dysprosium, lanthanum and modified with silver (Dy–Ag/MPS, La–Ag/MPS). The catalysts were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, temperature programmed reduction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It was found that the conversions of 1-hexyne on Dy–Ag/MPS are higher than on La–Ag/MPS. Moreover, it has been shown that the Dy–Ag/MPS sample exhibits greater efficiency and selectivity for 1-hexene in the hydrogenation of a 1-hexyne/1-hexene mixture. In addition, it was shown that the selectivity of Dy–Ag/MPS for 1-hexene remains the same with an increase of 1-hexyne concentration in the mixture.