Search

Young vitreoretinal lymphoma patients have lower mutation rates of the Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88gene and a higher probability of retinal/subretinal pigment epithelial infiltration. Early diagnosis and systemic screening are essential because of potential earlier central nervous system involvement in young patients than in elderly patients.

To investigate the clinical features, risk factors, and prognosis of the intraocular recurrence in primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL).

Asynchronous responses of mechanical and magnetic properties to structure relaxation for the Fe71Nb6B23bulk metallic glass were systematically investigated. It is interesting that this ternary alloy can combinedly exhibit outstanding magnetic and mechanical properties, especially good ductility, after optimally annealing in structure relaxation stage for eliminating the internal stress and homogenizing the microstructure. The alloy exhibits low coercive force of 1.6 A/m, high effective permeability of 15 × 103, high fracture strength of 4.2 GPa and good plastic strain of 1.8%. It is also found that responses of mechanical and magnetic properties to structure relaxation are asynchronous. The glass transition and crystallization will greatly deteriorate the magnetic and mechanical properties. Here we propose a physical picture and demonstrate that the primary structure factors determining magnetic and mechanical properties are different. This work will bring a promising material for application and a new perspective to study the effect of annealing-induced structure relaxation on mechanical and magnetic properties.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been used to remove submucosal tumors. However, with regard to the potential malignant behavior of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), whether ESD can be recommended for treatment is still controversial. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of ESD for removal of GISTs in the muscularis propria (MP) layer and to assess the possible risk factors for a gastric-wall defect (GWD). For 168 GISTs located in the MP layer from 168 consecutive patients, the baseline information, complications, and therapeutic outcomes were recorded. Subsequently, risk factors for a GWD were analyzed. Most GISTs (106/168) were located in the fundus of the stomach. Tumor shapes in 154 patients (91.7%) were regular, and the median size of the tumor was 1.5 (range 0.5–6.0) cm. The en bloc resection rate was 100% and the median procedure time was 46.5 (33–181) min. A GWD was observed in 71 patients (42.3%) and delayed bleeding occurred in 2 patients (1.2%), and they were treated by clips. A total of 117 patients with a GIST were at very low risk, 37 patients were at low risk, and 14 patients were at mild risk. No local recurrences or distant metastases were observed during a median follow-up of 25 (6–67) months. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified the tumor type to be an independent risk factor for a GWD during ESD (odds ratio 29.82, 95% confidence interval 10.87–81.80, P< 0.001). ESD is a safe and feasible method for gastric GISTs, especially for tumor types A and B. Endoscopic ultrasound can aid evaluation of the tumor type before ESD, which is an independent risk factor correlated with a GWD upon ESD.

Oceanic primary production (OPP) is crucial for ecosystem services and global carbon cycle. However, sensitivity to geographic and environmental characteristics limits the application of semi‐empirical OPP estimate models, such as the vertically generalized productivity model (VGPM) and its modified version, particularly in coastal regions. In addition, the difficulty in collecting necessary parameters also hampers long‐term OPP estimates. Data‐driven machine learning (ML) methods can automatically capture the relationships between the input parameters and the objective; hence, they may become new methods for global OPP estimates. In this study, the effectiveness of ML methods to estimate OPP and the key attributes influencing ML performance in different regions and seasons are discussed. First, the ML models obtain a lower root mean square error than the VGPM and Eppley‐VGPM. In addition, the random forest (RF) model achieves the best performance among the four selected ML models. The enhancement in the accuracy of OPP estimates based on the RF model is more obvious in coastal regions than in the open ocean. In the four seasons, the RF model obtains better estimates of OPP than the Eppley‐VGPM, especially for summer. Moreover, input attributes, including sea surface temperature (SST), photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), and chlorophyll‐a concentration (Chlor‐a), achieve the best performance. The suitable alternative input attributes are SST/Chlor‐a in the coastal regions, and single Chlor‐a, SST/Chlor‐a, and PAR/Chlor‐a in the open ocean. Except for the SST/PAR/Chlor‐a combination, input with Chlor‐a, that is, SST/Chlor‐a and PAR/Chlor‐a, result a relatively acceptable performance in the four seasons. Oceanic primary production (OPP) is often estimated by traditional semi‐empirical models which are sensitive to geographic and environmental characteristics. In addition, the difficulty in collecting necessary parameters of OPP estimate algorithms also hampers long‐term OPP estimates. With the development of big data techniques, data‐driven methods, such as machine learning (ML), have been increasingly applied in oceanic feature estimates. However, the effectiveness of ML to estimate OPP and the key attributes influencing ML performance are not fully discussed. Hence, in this study, the superiority of ML methods to estimate OPP is presented, especially in coastal regions and in summer. In addition, suitable alternative input attributes for ML methods for different regions and seasons are analyzed when necessary oceanic parameters cannot be acquired simultaneously. The effectiveness of machine learning (ML) methods for oceanic primary production estimate in different regions and seasons is analyzedThe influences of input attributes on ML methods for different regions and seasons are analyzedThe corresponding alternative input attributes are determined The effectiveness of machine learning (ML) methods for oceanic primary production estimate in different regions and seasons is analyzed The influences of input attributes on ML methods for different regions and seasons are analyzed The corresponding alternative input attributes are determined

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of oridonin (ORI) on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)‐induced sepsis in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice weighing 22–30 g and aged 8–10 weeks were randomly assigned to three groups: Sham group, CLP group, or CLP plus ORI group. In the CLP group and ORI group, CLP was induced, and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline and oridonin (100 μg/kg) was conducted, respectively. The survival rate was determined within the following 7 days. The blood, liver, and lung were collected at 24 hours after injury. Hematoxylin–eosin staining of the lung, detection of lung wet‐to‐dry ratio, and serum cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐α and interleukin [IL]‐6), and examination of intraperitoneal and blood bacterial clearance were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. Results showed that ORI treatment significantly reduced the lung wet‐to‐dry ratio, decreased serum TNF‐α and IL‐6, and improved liver pathology compared with the CLP group (p< 0.05). Moreover, the intraperitoneal and blood bacterial clearance increased markedly after ORI treatment (p< 0.05). The 7‐day survival rate in the ORI group was also dramatically higher than in the CLP group (p< 0.05). Our findings indicate that ORI can attenuate liver and lung injuries and elevate bacterial clearance to increase the survival rate of sepsis mice.

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of oridonin (ORI) on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice weighing 22–30 g and aged 8–10 weeks were randomly assigned to three groups: Sham group, CLP group, or CLP plus ORI group. In the CLP group and ORI group, CLP was induced, and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline and oridonin (100 μg/kg) was conducted, respectively. The survival rate was determined within the following 7 days. The blood, liver, and lung were collected at 24 hours after injury. Hematoxylin–eosin staining of the lung, detection of lung wet-to-dry ratio, and serum cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α and interleukin [IL]-6), and examination of intraperitoneal and blood bacterial clearance were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. Results showed that ORI treatment significantly reduced the lung wet-to-dry ratio, decreased serum TNF-α and IL-6, and improved liver pathology compared with the CLP group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the intraperitoneal and blood bacterial clearance increased markedly after ORI treatment (p < 0.05). The 7-day survival rate in the ORI group was also dramatically higher than in the CLP group (p < 0.05). Our findings indicate that ORI can attenuate liver and lung injuries and elevate bacterial clearance to increase the survival rate of sepsis mice.

The damping ratios of suspension systems on a railway vehicle were estimated in terms of the free-decay responses obtained by applying the logarithmic-decrement method to data obtained in wedge tests. The characteristics of the free-decay responses were measured both for motor and trailer cars experiencing either the tare loading (AW0) or crush loading (AW3) condition and either inflated or deflated air springs. The considered cases included bouncing, pitching, rolling and lateral motions. A dynamic model was established and the simulation results were compared with the experimental results. For the vertical cases, the time cycles and displacement amplitudes of the free-decay response are related to the state of the air springs and the vehicle load. The damping ratio of the secondary suspension for inflated air springs is about three to five times higher than for when the air springs are deflated. For the primary suspension, it is two to four times higher. Also the heavier the carbody loads, the much more severe is the divergence. Furthermore, the damping ratios have their largest values for the pitching modes, followed by the bouncing modes and finally the rolling modes. For the lateral cases, the free-decay responses have similar characteristics to those of the vertical responses but with smaller amplitudes. All the tests show good agreement with one another, and the primary and secondary suspensions show similar regularities. The simulations show a good agreement with the test results and highlight that the initial velocity has only a limited effect on the test results.

Electroplated profiled superabrasive grinding wheels which integrate both advantages of grinding and profile milling have been widely used in the machining process the wide chord hollow fan blade rabbets made of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. However, the employment of these tools has been impeded by drastic forces and thermal damage. In order to investigate the variation regularities of grinding forces and temperature with different machining parameters, experiments were carried out with single layer electroplated CBN grinding wheels. Grinding forces and temperature were measured and analyzed. Meanwhile, tool life and metallography of workpiece were studied. The results showed that higher spindle speed leads to lower forces and higher temperature. With the increase of feed rate and radial cutting depth, forces and temperature increase. Strong adherence of chips makes abrasives grits blunt which results in the increase of grinding forces after a great deal of tests. Metallographic structure of the machined workpiece is almost identical with the original sample.

A simple and robust high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the trace analysis of genotoxic impurity hydroxylamine in Vorinostat and Zileuton, two active pharmaceutical ingredients, is described. This method was based on a conventional pre-column derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate using UV detection. In order to avoid the degradation of the API during derivatization, an innovative pretreatment utilizing precipitation prior to derivatization is proposed, and this simple and robust method demonstrates reliable recovery and excellent anti-interference capability. To minimize and stabilize the competition, optimization of the derivatization was conducted under both hydrous and anhydrous conditions in terms of reaction time, temperature, concentrations of FMOC-Cl, sodium borate, alkaloid species and the corresponding volumes, and pH values. To compare the reactivity, all of the derivatives of hydroxylamine and APIs were identified by LC-TOF/MS and LC-MS/MS. The optimized analytical method was fully validated, which demonstrated it to be sensitive, repeatable, accurate and convenient for routine quality control. The result suggested that the trace level of genotoxic impurity hydroxylamine in APIs could be effectively determined by this classical and robust HPLC method, and degradation in the procedure and competition in derivatization issues have been resolved successfully.

Tensile tests of GH4169 alloy were performed at room temperature. Different fractions, distributions and shapes of δ phase was prepared by aging treated at 880 °C, 930 °C and 980 °C for 5 h or 10 h. The effect of δ phase on the mechanical properties of GH4169 alloy was investigated. The results show that 0.2% yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of GH4169 alloy increase by 61 MPa and 78 MPa respectively when the fraction of δ phase increases from 2.20% to 5.21%. Then, the ultimate tensile strength remains at 1 012 MPa even when the fraction of δ phase reaches 7.56%. The fraction effect of δ phase on the strength improvement of GH4169 alloy is more significant than morphology, and the critical fraction value is 5.21%. In addition, the elongation decreases by 14.1% when the fraction of δ phase increases from 2.20% to 7.56%. Excessive needle or short rod shaped δ phase is responsible for the reduction of elongation.

Tensile tests of GH4169 alloy were performed at room temperature. Different fractions, distributions and shapes of δ phase was prepared by aging treated at 880 °C, 930 °C and 980 °C for 5 h or 10 h. The effect of δ phase on the mechanical properties of GH4169 alloy was investigated. The results show that 0.2% yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of GH4169 alloy increase by 61 MPa and 78 MPa respectively when the fraction of δ phase increases from 2.20% to 5.21%. Then, the ultimate tensile strength remains at 1 012 MPa even when the fraction of δ phase reaches 7.56%. The fraction effect of δ phase on the strength improvement of GH4169 alloy is more significant than morphology, and the critical fraction value is 5.21%. In addition, the elongation decreases by 14.1% when the fraction of δ phase increases from 2.20% to 7.56%. Excessive needle or short rod shaped δ phase is responsible for the reduction of elongation.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is crucial for the survival of normal and neoplastic B cells, and inhibitors targeting BCR signaling pathways have shown promising therapeutic outcomes for patients with B-cell lymphomas. In the current study, we analyzed de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma without BCR expression (DLBCL, BCR−) in 25 cases to determine the BCR/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT (BCR/PI3K/AKT) signaling status, clinicopathologic features, and underlying causes leading to the loss of BCR. On the basis of clinical features, 15 (60%) DLBCL, BCR−patients were classified into the low-risk group, and 18 (86%) experienced complete remission. Morphologically and immunophenotypically, DLBCL, BCR−demonstrated centroblastic cytology (21/25, 84%) and germinal center B-cell-like cell origin (18/25, 72%). Other components in BCR complexity remained intact, on the basis of immunohistochemical findings. Epstein-Barr virus infection, deficiency in B-lineage transcription factors (PAX5, Oct-2, and Bob.1), and oncogene rearrangement did not seem to be associated with BCR loss. The activated form of signaling proteins (pSYK and pAKT) involved in the BCR/PI3K/AKT pathway were expressed at low levels in DLBCL, BCR−tissue. In vitro validation revealed that in DLBCL, BCR−cell lines, the BCR/PI3K/AKT pathway did not respond to BCR stimulation or inhibition. Our findings suggest that DLBCL, BCR−was characterized by a silent BCR/PI3K/AKT pathway, germinal center phenotype, and low risk and may not be a candidate for BCR-targeted therapies.

The rotation movement between bogie and carbody is studied using vehicle system dynamics theory and formulas for the rotation resistance factor are derived for different air spring states. Laboratory tests are conducted and the obtained results are compared with calculations. The rotation resistance factor for motor and trailer cars experiencing AW0 and AW4 loading conditions when air springs are in inflated, deflated and over-inflated states are considered so as to validate the proposed formulas and test and discuss error sources. The rotation resistance factor of the bogie is related to the rotation angle and speed. The faster the rotation speed, then the greater is the rotation resistance factor. The greater the rotation angle, then the greater is the rotation resistance factor. The maximum rotation resistance factor is 0.094 for a trailer car at a rotation speed of 1 deg/s and experiencing AW0 loading conditions and with the air springs in the deflated state. The maximum rotation resistance factor when the air springs are deflated is much greater than that when the air springs are in the inflated state for a rotation speed of 1 deg/s. The maximum rotation resistance factor obtained at a rotation speed of 1 deg/s is much greater than the one obtained at 0.2 deg/s. The over-inflated state of air springs has little influence on the rotation resistance of the bogie. The calculated results obtained when considering air springs in inflated and over-inflated states are slightly smaller than test results with a maximum difference of 0.02. For the deflated state of the air springs, the calculated and test results for a trailer car are equivalent and the calculated results are slightly larger than the test results for a motor car with a maximum difference of about 0.02. The theoretical formulas should consider the dynamic nature of stiffness properties and damping effect of air springs. The effects of other suspension components should also be considered. A laboratory test or field test after assembly is an essential requirement. The comparison of test and calculated results validates the proposed formulas and allows sources of error to be discussed.

The data regarding the mutation landscape in Chinese patients with thyroid cancer are limited. The diagnostic performance of thyroid nodules by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology needs optimization, especially in indeterminate nodules.A total of 1039 FNA and surgical resection samples tested using the targeted multigene next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel were retrospectively collected. The features of gene alterations in different thyroid tumors were analyzed, and the diagnostic efficacy was evaluated.Among 1039 samples, there were 822 FNA and 217 surgical FFPE samples. Among 207 malignant thyroid resections, a total of 181 out of 193 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) were NGS-positive (93.8%), with a high prevalence of BRAFmutations (81.9%, 158/193) and a low prevalence of RAS(1.0%, 2/193) and TERTpromoter mutations (3.6%, 7/193). Gene fusions, involving the RETand NTRK3genes, were present in 20 PTCs (10.4%) and mutually exclusive with other driver mutations. Two of three follicular thyroid carcinomas harbored multiple mutations. RETgene point mutations were common in medullary thyroid carcinoma (8/11, 72.7%). The combination of cytology and DNA–RNA-based NGS analysis demonstrated superior diagnostic value (98.0%) in FNA samples. For indeterminate thyroid nodules, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of NGS testing were 79.2 (38/48) and 80.0% (8/10), respectively. Two mutation-positive benign cases harbored NRASand TSHRmutations, respectively.Our study revealed the distinct molecular profile of thyroid tumors in the Chinese population. The combination of NGS testing and FNA cytology could facilitate the accurate diagnosis of thyroid nodules, especially for indeterminate nodules.

The facility layout design is the key problem in manufacturing system. Based on the constraints such as the cost of facility logistics and the space of equipment, this paper sets up a Quadratic Assignment Problem model of facility layout. The model is solved using Differential Evolution algorithm according to the features of facility layout, which is combined with Random Key technology. The test results performed on the liner and circular layout show the proposed approach can solve effectively the facility layout design problem.

High speed railway noise caused serious noise pollution to human living environment around the railway. This article mainly analyzes the causes and characteristics of the high-speed railway noise from the wheel/rail noise, aerodynamic noise and collector system noise. And take these three aspects as objects, the high-speed railway noise control measures are detailed analyzed to reduce the high speed railway noise harmful to the environment and human life, which has more practical significance to human being.

An investigation is reported of the effect of grinding speed on energy partition for grinding of Inconel 718 with virtrified CBN wheels. Temperature was measured in the ground surface of Inconel 718 with semi-natural thermalcouple. The energy partition and heat flux distribution within the grinding zone were estimated and analyzed. The result indicates that low energy partitions were found to be convected into the workpiece and wheel, both were lower than 10%, and the energy partition into the coolant decreases greatly from 75% to 25% while the one into the grinding chips increases from 15% to 70% with the increasing speed.

Three accurate dynamic model of air spring was set up through aerodynamics, fluid mechanics, structural mechanics,engineering thermodynamics, etc. According to the new established bellow-orifice-reservoir model, bellow-pipe-reservoir model and bellow-orifice-pipe-reservoir model, the dynamic characteristics of air spring were calculated under different excitation amplitudes and frequencies. By comparison with experimental results, it shows that the simulation results of the three models and experimental results coincide very well in dynamic characteristics; the bellow-orifice-pipe-reservoir connection type is recommended as the secondary suspension for low frequency excitations; and the bellow-orifice-reservoir connection type is considered effectively for high frequency excitations; the bellow-pipe-reservoir connection type is not recommended to be used as the secondary suspension because of its negative stiffness.

Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) is a marker of tumor glucose metabolism detected by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PETcomputed tomography (PETCT) and reflects tumor aggressiveness. The aim of the study was to evaluate the value of SUVmaxin differentiating benign from malignant solitary pancreatic lesions and explore the correlation between SUVmaxand tumor proliferative activity.

G70 Tank car uesd for transportation on liquidsliquids of gas and bulck goods in form of powder,is one of the major class of Chinese railroad freight cars.And the tank car makes about 18% of the toatal amount of freight cars. In this stduy, the carbdoy finite element model of tank car was constructed,and calculated stress of carbody both empty car and fully loaded car,then get the results of key postsitions. According to the AAR load spectrums on the part of the tank car,translated the results into dynamic stress through the quasi-static method. Calculated the damage of carbody with the fatigue analysis method provied in AAR, compared the fatigue life under various comonent.

Base on the achievement and research on the concrete filled steel tube (CFST), with 4 aspects: research on fundamental structural behavior, dynamic property, bonding theory of interface and research on the concrete filled square steel tube, summarize the findings about CFST and introduce the 4 stages of development of study of CFST. Point out that the research on the bond theory of interface between steel tube and core concrete and the concrete filled square steel tube are needed the further study and research.

Vacuum-surcharge combined preloading method have been become the most commonly used method on the dredger fill and saturated soft clay soil consolidation beside the coast. The long time of consolidation is one of this method’s most characteristics, as we always think that 3 months is the academic time. In fact, we always can’t accomplish the consolidation of saturated soft clay soil by using vacuum-surcharge combined preloading method in 3 months because of the complex nature of the soil horizon and the effects of the construction technology. The main mission of the article is to supply a substantial time and a reliable basis that are needed by the vacuum-surcharge combined preloading method and the construction period. The main data sources are come from the ground treatment project of a cogeneration power plant in Zhuhai Guangzhou. We adopt the exponential curve fitting method and the method of Asaoka to count the degree of consolidation of the saturated soft clay soil.

This paper studied the relationship among the linear model of wheel/rail characteristic parameters, the contact angle difference, the equivalent conicity and roll angle. The standard and worn profiles of S1002CN, XP55 and LMA were matched with 60 kg/m rail separately. The results of the study show that the ratio of contact angle difference to equivalent conicity changes linearly along lateral wheelset displacement within 5mm. Taking rolling angle into consideration, the contact angle difference and equivalent conicity in nominal position (3mm) display a linear relationship. Just considering the contact angle difference and roll angle in the fitting formula for the wheel/rail linear model calculation, the quasi-linear calculation of the critical speed could be more accurate. Therefore, the wheel/rail linear model characteristic parameters roll angle and the contact angle difference in the nominal position have certain effect on vehicle dynamic performance like equivalent conicity.

Preparation of biodiesel from soybean oils catalyzed by five acidic ionic liquids with three cationic functional groups was investigated. The improvement of the catalytic activities was affected by various functional groups including pyridine group, N-methylimidazole group, triethylamine group. Among them [C4SO3Hpy]HSO4with pyridine group showed better catalytic activity with the biodiesel yield of 94.5%, and still yielded more than 90% after six successive uses. The possible mechanism was also discussed by two reaction paths in detail.

Area navigation allows aircraft to fly along any airways that are applicable within the effective distance which navigation system or airborne navigation equipments can offer. Aircraft can fly in air district that is applicable with required precision, rather than fly to or fly from the navigation station on ground. This paper researches mathematical model of RNAV based on VOR/DME; analyzes the error affects on RNAV as well as GDOP. Use Matlab/Simulink to simulate and analyze the modeling; validate the accuracy and feasibility of the mathematical model.

In order to achieve the automation of Air Traffic Control (ATC), use system to identify the controlled model of flights arrival process which has been already built, using Model Predictive Control (MPC) of the dynamic matrix contro1 (DMC) to control the ATC process. According to DMC algorithm and the features of ATC, the design parameters of this system can be determined by a lot of simulations. It proves that the system design and parameters selection make the system has the required performance and the robustness even if the parameters be changed in a wide range. The experiment on the ATC Simulation System proves that the MPC method is available, conclusion of the study provides a new idea and method for the engineering implementation of the automation of flights arrival process control and some improvement of airspace utilization.

A new catalytic route was reported for the epoxidation of soybean oil (SBO) with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP, 65 wt. %) as the clean oxidant over manganese (III) tetraphenylporphyrin chloride (Mn (TPP) Cl) catalyst without carboxylic acid. Effect of tetraphenylporphyrin chloride with various metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Zn) on SBO epoxidation has been investigated. As biomimetic catalysts, the optimum reaction temperature of the system existed for catalytic activity, which was about 40 oC. The optimum reaction time was 6 h and the suitable promoter was pyrrole considering various factors. The suitable oxidant was TBHP of 65 wt. %. A mechanism for SBO epoxidation was discussed, and a role for high-valent metal peroxide intermediate with double bond directly as part of this mechanism was proposed, which was verified by in situ UV-Vis spectroscopy. The optimized reaction conditions were acquired.

In the paper, Assessment and comparison analyses of fatigue strength for different axles of CRH2, CRH3 and CRH5 EMUs are conducted by applying the European standards and Japanese standards. The wheelset models of CRH2, CRH3 and CRH5 are set up by means of the finite element method. Static and fatigue strength of the axles are analyzed as well as the influence of the interference fit between wheel and axle on the contact pressure. To get accurate simulation of the dynamic loads on axles, mathematical models of CRH2, CRH3 and CRH5 EMUs are established by using the SIMPACK software, considering the nonlinearities in the EMU vehicle systems. The simulation is carried out according to the runtime table of the EMU in Beijing-Tianjin line. Stochastic irregularities of the track are considered in the dynamic simulation and the load history acted on wheelset is obtained. Based on the NSOFT software, the fatigue life of axles is predicted by applying appropriate fatigue life prediction methods.

The bogie technology of the 350km/h EMU train is one of the key parts for China high speed railways. Through analysis of the high speed bogy for CRH3 EMU train, the design conceptions and methodologies of the bogy structure and suspension systems are better understood. Technical procedures for the bogie design are carefully investigated, which includes the wheel/rail interaction, helical spring and high property rubber pad used in primary suspension, high flexible and large convolution bellows type air spring, anti-roll bar and two point control of air springs used in secondary suspension, and the elastic frame suspended structure used for traction motor. Comparison between different bogy techniques are carried out by using the dynamic simulation, roller rig test and field test, and the efficient way to raise the bogie running safety and reliability is analyzed.

Nonlinear dynamics model of the C62 freight car was established firstly and the random load spectrum acted on the wheelset was obtained by the simulation of the freight car running on a typical line. Taking the cyclic constructive relation of LZ50 axle steel into account in the finite element analysis of the wheelset, the stress time histories of the key parts of the axle in some typical conditions were got. Furthermore, based on the stress spectrum analysis of the hazard sections of the axle, the probabilistic fatigue stress spectrums with given probability and confidence were obtained. Finally, combining with the linear cumulative damage rules, the stress distribution of RD2 axle was investigated, which is fundamental for the further prediction of the fatigue life of axle.

In order to overcome the inefficiency shortcoming of traditional step-based searching method for extremum seeking in two-dimensional fractional Fourier domain, some typical intelligent optimization methods such as genetic algorithms, continuous ant colony algorithm, particle swarm optimization and chaos optimization method are introduced and applied successfully in fractional Fourier transform. The performances of the global optimization methods are compared with step-based method based on simulation. Results show that the COA optimization algorithm is much more preferable considering computation efficiency, precision and resolution in all the above mentioned optimization methods

The control of welding distortion during assembly process is very important. At present, there are mainly two numerical simulation methods for the welding distortion which are thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method and its simplified approach of inherent strains. At first, taking T-joint as an example, the welding distortions were computed using two methods mentioned above. Based on thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method, welding process was simulated by life and death element, moving heat source and transient state thermal field etc. Then, the welding distortion was calculated by inherent strains method after thermo-elastic-plastic computation. It was concluded from the comparison that the simulation results by using the two methods are consistent. Therefore, the inherent strains method can be conveniently and economically applied to prediction of structural welding distortion in engineering. Applied the inherent strains method, welding deformation was predicted for the bogie frame side beam of high speed train. According to the deformation results from the finite element analysis, the welding deformation of the bogie frame side beam was lager than the tolerance of quality and in reasonable agreement with the experimentally determined distortion values. The work in this paper indicated that the inherent strains method was effective to predict the welding deformation so as to control the welding quality in large complex structures, such as the bogie frame of railway vehicle. Key words: welding distortion; thermo-elastic-plastic method; inherent strains approach; numerical simulation; bogie frame;

Various anti-inflammatory agents have been used to treat acute or chronic lung injury-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, the efficacy of the available treatments is disappointing, and new therapies are urgently needed. In the current study, we investigated the effect of a novel -melanocyte-stimulating hormone analog, STY39, on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice. C57BL/6 mice received an intratracheal injection of BLM before being treated with STY39 (0.625, 1.25, or 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for 14 consecutive days. Various parameters, reflecting the inflammatory reaction, metabolism of extracellular matrix, myofibroblast proliferation, and degree of fibrosis in the lung, were evaluated. We found that STY39 significantly improved the survival of mice with lethal BLM-induced lung injury, limited body weight loss and the increase in the lung index, reduced the mRNA expression of types I and III procollagen and the production of hydroxyproline in the lung, diminished myofibroblast proliferation, and ultimately reduced BLM-induced lung damage. Further investigation revealed that, in a dose-dependent manner, STY39 treatment inhibited leukocyte migration into the lung; reduced the production of TNF-, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and transforming growth factor 1in the lung; and altered the ratio of matrix metalloproteinase 1 to tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1. These findings suggest that STY39 attenuates BLM-induced experimental PF by limiting the inflammatory reaction through the inhibition of proinflammatory and profibrosis cytokines and by accelerating the metabolism of extracellular matrix. Therefore, STY39 may be an effective therapy for preventing PF.

The control of welding distortion during assembling process is very important. Using numerical simulation methods to obtain the welding distortion is an effective way to control the quality of welding. At first, taking the bead-on-plate welding as an example, the predictions of welding distortion were made using the shrinkage force method and the thermo-elastic-plastic method for comparison. It was concluded from the comparison that the simulation results by using the two methods are consistent. Therefore, the shrinkage force method can be applied to prediction of structural welding distortion in engineering. Based on the theory of welding shrinking force, welding deformation was predicted for the bogie side frame of railway vehicle. According to all the deformation results from the finite element analysis, the welding deformation of the bogie side frame was lager than the tolerance of quality and in reasonable agreement with the experimentally determined distortion values from literature. The work in this paper indicated that the shrinkage force method was effective to predict the welding deformation and to control the welding quality in large complex structures, such as the bogie frame of railway vehicle.

On the basis of the idea that the displacement response of the structure can be expressed as superposition of normal modes of vibration multiplied by corresponding time-dependent modal coordinate, the strain response of the same structure under the same loading condition can also be regarded as a superposition of strain modes multiplied by modal coordinates, this paper presents a hybrid method for determining the dynamic stresses of railway vehicle based on the combination of experiment and numerical simulation. The calculation formulas based on strain mode superposition principle is deduced in detail. The numerical experiment shows that the dynamic stress time history can be obtained by the proposed method expediently and accurately. In addition, to meet the demand of fatigue engineer of the vehicle bogie, a software system was developed, which has a friendly, open and easily removable interface and is valuable for practical use.

Aims and background To evaluate the immunohistochemical characterization of CK5/6 and CK17 and whether the expression level of the two markers was correlated with clinical outcome or pathological feature in triple negative (ER-, PR-, HER-2-) patients with breast cancer.Methods and study design We carried out an immunohistochemical assay for CK5/6 and CK17 markers on formalin-fixed invasive carcinoma samples from 112 patients who were diagnosed between 2000 and 2002. All of them had an immunohistochemical triple negative status and follow-up information available.Results Of the 112 patients characterized by triple negative immunohistochemical status, 82 (73.2%) were disease free with no relapse or metastasis. In total, CK5/6 and CK17 were both determined positive in 33.9% (38/112) of the 112 tumor samples, and 46.4% (52/112) were regarded as positive for CK5/6 or CK17. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that positive staining for CK5/6, CK17, or CK which means CK5/6 positive or CK17 positive, was associated with worse disease-free survival (P = 0.020, P = 0.032, P = 0.003), and positive staining for CK5/6 or CK was associated with worse overall survival (P = 0.027, P = 0.015). When we considered 91 patients whose pathological type was invasive ductal carcinoma, we found that there was also an association between CK5/6 or CK17 immunostaining and high grade (P = 0.030). In addition, these two markers were also associated with axillary lymph node status (P = 0.044). The Cox regression multiple-factor analysis showed that pathological stage, grade and expression of CK were the factors affecting both disease-free and overall survival, whereas age and menopausal status were independent factors affecting disease-free and overall survival, respectively.Conclusions Positive staining for CK5/6 or CK17 was associated with a worse prognosis, high tumor grade and positive axillary lymph nodes.

We built electron and phonon free energies and attempted to investigate the effect of the electron-phonon interaction on giant magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers. Starting from a jellium-like model, we found that the electron-phonon interaction can have an important effect on the spin splitting of electronic energy band. The expression of giant magnetoresistance has been obtained by considering the spin splitting of electronic energy band, indicating that the effect of phonon could not be neglected. Numerical calculations using our approach demonstrate the agreement between experimental and theoretical values.

Confocal light absorption and scattering spectroscopic (CLASS) microscopy can detect changes in biochemicals and the morphology of cells. It is therefore used to detect high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) cells in the diagnosis of premalignant cervical lesions. Forty cervical samples from women with abnormal Pap smear test results were collected, and twenty cases were diagnosed as HSIL; the rest were normal or low-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). The enlarged and condensed nuclei of HSIL cells as viewed under CLASS microscopy were much brighter and bigger than those of non-HSIL cells. Cytological elastic scattered light data was then collected at wavelengths between 400 and 1000 nm. Between 600 nm to 800 nm, the relative elastic scattered light intensity of HSIL cells was higher than that of the non-HSIL. Relative intensity peaks occurred at 700 nm and 800 nm. CLASS sensitivity and specificity results for HSIL and non-HSIL compared to cytology diagnoses were 80% and 90%, respectively. This study demonstrated that CLASS microscopy could effectively detect cervical precancerous lesions. Further study will verify this conclusion before the method is used in clinic for early detection of cervical cancer.